CN112008063B - Preparation method and preparation device of composite blank - Google Patents
Preparation method and preparation device of composite blank Download PDFInfo
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- CN112008063B CN112008063B CN202010798869.0A CN202010798869A CN112008063B CN 112008063 B CN112008063 B CN 112008063B CN 202010798869 A CN202010798869 A CN 202010798869A CN 112008063 B CN112008063 B CN 112008063B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 195
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 165
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 14
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/08—Accessories for starting the casting procedure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
- B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and a preparation device of a composite blank, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: positioning the first end of the core part in a forming cavity of the dummy bar head; sleeving a crystallizer outside the core part and attaching the crystallizer to the dummy bar head so that a tube cavity of the crystallizer is communicated with a forming cavity of the dummy bar head; pouring the molten outer-layer molten metal into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head until the bottom of the tube cavity and the outer-layer molten metal in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head are solidified into a first end of a metal outer layer and coated on the side wall surface of the first end of the core part; and continuously pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into the pipe cavity, gradually moving the dummy bar head and the core part downwards according to the solidification speed of the outer-layer molten metal to fix the crystallizer, and solidifying the outer-layer molten metal in the pipe cavity into a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part and coating the metal outer layer on the side wall surface of the core part, thereby preparing the composite blank.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal composite material preparation, in particular to a preparation method and a preparation device of a composite blank.
Background
Composite materials such as composite steel, composite aluminum and the like have excellent performance, are important directions for new material development, and the nation strongly supports the research and development of high-performance composite materials.
In recent years, the development of bimetal composite materials is rapid, and patent document 2012100063158 discloses a stainless steel composite wire rod, the inside of which is plain carbon steel and the outside of which is coated with stainless steel. Patent documents 2010105262657, JPS61126944, JPS63126602 and JPS59212143 all disclose a stainless steel composite corrosion-resistant steel bar and a preparation method thereof, and typical processes thereof are as follows: surface treatment of stainless steel blank and carbon steel blank → penetration of the carbon steel blank into a stainless steel sleeve → end welding → heating and rolling to form a material. Patent documents 2015101884470, JPS55141315, and JPS5947080 disclose a process for manufacturing stainless steel/carbon steel composite bars by a drawing-brazing method, which generally use a stainless steel pipe, a carbon steel bar, and a brazing filler metal foil as raw materials, the brazing filler metal foil is wound on the surface of the carbon steel bar, and then the raw materials are inserted into the stainless steel pipe, then the assembly is drawn together through a wire drawing die to manufacture a bimetal composite blank, and the drawn stainless steel/carbon steel composite blank is heated to about 1150 ℃ for brazing and then cooled to manufacture the composite bar. Patent document 021207321 discloses a method for continuously casting a composite metal slab, billet and continuous casting machine thereof, in which a common carbon steel billet is continuously cast. And then a layer of stainless steel liquid is bonded on the outer surface of the common carbon steel billet to form a composite plate blank or a steel billet. Patent document WO2011048362 discloses a preparation method of a composite billet, which takes a common carbon billet as a core, takes cold-rolled stainless steel or nickel-based alloy steel as an external coating, adds brazing filler metal between the carbon steel core and the coating, and then performs coating rolling to finally obtain the required composite billet.
In summary, it can be seen that, in the current preparation method of the bimetal composite blank, the core material is basically penetrated into the outer layer metal tube for welding and then directly heated and rolled or cold drawn, and the method is similar to the laminated plate welding hot rolling process of the stainless steel composite plate, and the process is reliable, but the process steps are more complicated, the production efficiency is lower, and the specification, the size and the like of the composite blank are more limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method and a preparation device of a composite blank, and aims to solve the technical problems that the existing preparation method of the composite blank is complicated in steps, low in production efficiency and limited in shape and size of the composite blank.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a composite blank, the composite blank comprising a core and an outer metal layer coated on the core, the method comprising the steps of: positioning the first end of the core part in a forming cavity of the dummy bar head, and enabling the gap between the side wall surface of the core part and the side wall surface of the forming cavity to be equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer; sleeving a crystallizer outside the core part and attaching the crystallizer to the dummy bar head, so that a tube cavity of the crystallizer is communicated with a forming cavity of the dummy bar head, and a gap between the inner wall surface of the lower part of the tube cavity and the outer wall surface of the core part is equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer; pouring the molten outer-layer molten metal into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head until the bottom of the tube cavity and the outer-layer molten metal in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head are solidified into a first end of a metal outer layer and coated on the side wall surface of the first end of the core part; and continuously pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into the pipe cavity, gradually moving the dummy bar head and the core part downwards according to the solidification speed of the outer-layer molten metal to fix the crystallizer, and solidifying the outer-layer molten metal in the pipe cavity into a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part and coating the metal outer layer on the side wall surface of the core part, thereby preparing the composite blank.
Further, when the outer layer molten metal is poured, the pouring speed of the outer layer molten metal, the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal and the speed of the dummy bar head driving the core to move downwards are matched.
Further, the molten outer layer molten metal is poured into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head, and the method further comprises the following steps: after the liquid level of the outer layer molten metal is 2-5 cm higher than the top edge of the forming cavity, the lower part of the tube cavity is cooled by a cooling device according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal at the lower part of the tube cavity.
Further, the molten outer layer molten metal is continuously poured into the forming section of the tube cavity, and the method further comprises the following steps: and when the liquid level of the outer layer molten metal is 3-5 cm lower than the top edge of the tube cavity, heating the upper part of the tube cavity by a heating device according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal on the upper part of the tube cavity.
Further, before the first end of the core is placed in the dummy bar head, the method further comprises the following steps: pre-treating the surface of the core by turning, milling and/or grinding; coating boric acid on the surface of the core part to prevent oxidation; the first end of the core is cut flat.
Further, before the first end of the core is placed in the dummy bar head, the method further comprises the following steps: and paving a metal backing plate on the bottom surface of the forming cavity of the dummy bar head, wherein the metal backing plate is made of the same material as the metal outer layer, and the thickness of the metal backing plate is the same as the design thickness of the metal outer layer so as to form a metal end surface layer coated on the first end surface of the core part.
Further, before the outer layer molten metal is poured, the method also comprises the following steps: and an asbestos layer is clamped and plugged on the joint surface of the crystallizer and the dummy bar head so as to ensure that the crystallizer and the dummy bar head are tightly jointed, thereby preventing the outer layer molten metal in the crystallizer and the dummy bar head from leaking.
Further, before the outer layer molten metal is poured, the method also comprises the following steps: and brushing a refractory coating on the surface of the pipe cavity of the crystallizer and the surface of the forming cavity of the dummy bar head.
According to another aspect of the invention, a preparation device of the composite blank is also provided, the preparation device of the composite blank is prepared by adopting the preparation method, the preparation device comprises a crystallizer provided with a tube cavity and a dummy bar head provided with a forming cavity, and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head is used for being matched with the first end of the core part to carry out casting forming on the first end of the metal outer layer; the crystallizer is used for sleeving the core and is matched with the core to carry out casting molding on the metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core; the dummy bar head is movably arranged relative to the crystallizer.
Furthermore, the preparation device also comprises a heating device which is arranged on the periphery of the upper part of the crystallizer and is used for heating the upper part of the tube cavity and a cooling device which is arranged on the periphery of the lower part of the crystallizer and is used for cooling the lower part of the tube cavity.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the preparation method of the composite blank comprises the steps of pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into a tube cavity and a forming cavity of a dummy bar head until the bottom of the tube cavity and the outer-layer molten metal in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head are solidified into a first end of a metal outer layer and coated on the side wall surface of the first end of a core part; and then continuously pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into the tube cavity, gradually moving the dummy bar head and the core part downwards according to the solidification speed of the outer-layer molten metal to fix the crystal cleaner so as to change the relative position of the tube cavity and the core part, so that the outer-layer molten metal in the tube cavity is solidified into a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part and is coated on the side wall surface of the core part, thereby preparing the composite blank.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a composite blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a composite billet manufacturing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a composite blank manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a core; 2. a crystallizer; 3. a dummy bar head; 4. a heating device; 5. and a cooling device.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of making a composite blank according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a composite billet manufacturing apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a composite blank manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the method for manufacturing a composite blank according to the present embodiment includes a core portion 1 and a metal outer layer coated on the core portion 1, and includes the following steps: positioning the first end of the core part 1 in a forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3, and enabling the gap between the side wall surface of the core part 1 and the side wall surface of the forming cavity to be equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer; sleeving a crystallizer 2 outside the core part 1 and attaching the crystallizer 2 to the dummy bar head 3, so that a tube cavity of the crystallizer 2 is communicated with a forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3, and a gap between the side wall surface of the lower part of the tube cavity and the side wall surface of the core part 1 is equal to the design thickness of the metal outer layer; pouring the molten outer-layer molten metal into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 until the bottom of the tube cavity and the outer-layer molten metal in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 are solidified into a first end of a metal outer layer and coated on the side wall surface of the first end of the core part 1; and continuously pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into the pipe cavity, gradually moving the dummy bar head 3 and the core part 1 downwards according to the solidification speed of the outer-layer molten metal to fix the crystallizer 2, so that the outer-layer molten metal in the pipe cavity is solidified into a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part 1 and covers the side wall surface of the core part 1, and thus the composite blank is prepared. In this embodiment, the pouring of the outer layer molten metal is stopped when the surface of the outer layer molten metal in the mold 2 is 1cm to 10cm from the second end of the core portion 1. Optionally, the core 1 of the composite blank is carbon steel or low alloy steel. Optionally, the metal outer layer is stainless steel, copper nickel or nickel alloy.
The preparation method of the composite blank comprises the steps of pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into a tube cavity and a forming cavity of a dummy bar head 3 until the bottom of the tube cavity and the outer-layer molten metal in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 are solidified into a first end of a metal outer layer and coated on a first end of a core part 1; and then continuously pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into the tube cavity, enabling the dummy bar head 3 and the core part 1 to gradually move downwards according to the solidification speed of the outer-layer molten metal and enabling the crystallizer 2 to fix the relative position of the tube cavity and the core part to change, so that the outer-layer molten metal in the tube cavity is solidified into a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part 1 and is coated on the side wall surface of the core part 1, thereby preparing the composite blank, directly cladding the outer-layer molten metal on the core part 1 to form the metal outer layer, and having simple preparation steps and high solidification forming speed of the outer-layer molten metal, thereby improving the production efficiency, being applicable to the preparation of composite blanks with different radial sizes and different cross-sectional shapes, and in addition, for a multilayer composite blank, cladding multilayer metal layers on the previous layer by adopting the same preparation method, thereby preparing the multilayer composite blank.
As shown in figure 1, when the outer layer molten metal is poured, the pouring speed of the outer layer molten metal, the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal and the speed of the dummy bar head 3 driving the core part 1 to move downwards are matched. In this embodiment, the speed of the dummy bar head 3 moving the core 1 downward is 20mm/min-500 mm/min. When the design thickness of the metal outer layer is small and the solidification and forming speed of the metal liquid of the outer layer is high, the higher the speed that the dummy bar head 3 drives the core part 1 to move downwards, the higher the pouring speed of the metal liquid of the outer layer is. When the design thickness of the metal outer layer is large and the solidification forming speed of the metal liquid of the outer layer is slow, the lower the speed that the dummy bar head 3 drives the core part 1 to move downwards is, the lower the pouring speed of the metal liquid of the outer layer is.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for pouring the molten outer layer molten metal into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 further comprises the following steps: after the liquid level of the outer layer molten metal is 2-5 cm higher than the top edge of the forming cavity, the lower part of the tube cavity is cooled by a cooling device 5 according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal at the lower part of the tube cavity. The lower part of the tube cavity is cooled, so that the solidification forming speed of the lower part of the tube cavity is improved. In the present embodiment, the cooling device 5 includes a nozzle provided at the periphery of the upper portion of the tube cavity, the nozzle being connected to a cooling water supply line. Whether the nozzle is opened to spray cooling water is selected according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal of the lower portion of the tube cavity, if the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal of the lower portion of the tube cavity is too low, the nozzle is opened to spray cooling water, the water pressure and the flow of the cooling water sprayed by the nozzle are adjusted according to the solidification speed, and meanwhile the sprayed cooling water can be sprayed onto a composite ingot which is solidified and formed below, so that the outer layer molten metal is solidified and formed. Continuously pouring molten outer layer molten metal into the forming section of the tube cavity, and further comprising the following steps of: when the liquid level of the outer layer molten metal is 3cm-5cm lower than the top edge of the tube cavity, the upper part of the tube cavity is heated by the heating device 4 according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal on the upper part of the tube cavity. In this embodiment, the temperature of the outer layer molten metal at the upper part of the tube cavity is higher than the melting point by 50-200 ℃ by the heating device 4, so as to prevent the outer layer molten metal at the upper part of the tube cavity from solidifying, ensure that the outer layer molten metal has certain fluidity, and then flow to the lower part of the tube cavity to be solidified and molded. The heating device 4 includes an induction heating coil laid on the periphery of the upper part of the lumen.
As shown in fig. 1, before the first end of the core 1 is placed in the dummy bar head 3, the following steps are further included: the surface of the core 1 is pretreated by turning, planing and/or grinding; coating boric acid on the surface of the core part 1 to prevent oxidation; the first end of the core 1 is cut flat. The surface of the core part 1 is pretreated to be free of oxide, slag and pits, and the boric acid is coated on the surface of the core part 1 to prevent the surface of the core part 1 from being oxidized due to heat transfer during casting and molding of the metal outer layer, so that the outer layer molten metal is more tightly coated on the core part 1.
As shown in fig. 1, before the first end of the core 1 is placed in the dummy bar head 3, the following steps are further included: and paving a metal cushion plate on the bottom surface of the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3, wherein the metal cushion plate is made of the same material as the metal outer layer, and the thickness of the metal cushion plate is the same as the design thickness of the metal outer layer so as to form a metal end surface layer coated on the first end surface of the core part 1. Before the metal base plate is laid on the bottom surface of the forming cavity, the surface of the metal base plate is pretreated by turning, planning and milling and/or grinding and other physical methods, so that the surface of the metal base plate is smooth and clean, and/or boric acid is coated on the surface of the metal base plate to prevent oxidation. In this embodiment, the metal shim plate is further engraved with a centering mark according to which the first end of the core 1 is placed in the molding cavity of the dummy head 3 so that the gap between the outer wall surface of the core 1 and the inner wall surface of the molding cavity is equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer.
As shown in fig. 1, before the outer layer molten metal is poured, the method further comprises the following steps: and an asbestos layer is clamped on the joint surface of the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3, so that the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3 are tightly jointed, and the outer layer molten metal in the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3 is prevented from leaking. Optionally, a joint surface of the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3 is provided with a boss and a groove which are matched with each other, and a high-temperature-resistant sealing layer is laid between the boss and the groove. Optionally, the joint surfaces of the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3 are in conical surface fit, and a high-temperature-resistant sealing layer is laid between the joint surfaces.
As shown in fig. 1, before the outer layer molten metal is poured, the method further comprises the following steps: the surface of the pipe cavity of the crystallizer 2 and the surface of the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 are coated with refractory coatings. The refractory coating is mould sand or graphite paint. After the outer layer molten metal at the lower part of the pipe cavity is solidified and formed by brushing a refractory coating on the surface of the pipe cavity of the crystallizer 2, the core part 1 and the formed metal outer layer can smoothly move downwards, so that the outer layer molten metal is cast and melted on the core part 1 from the first end of the core part 1 to the second end of the core part 1. The surface of the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 is coated with a refractory coating so as to facilitate the demoulding of the dummy bar head 3 after the preparation of the composite blank is finished.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 1, the apparatus for preparing a composite blank according to the present embodiment includes a core portion 1 and a metal outer layer coated on the core portion 1, the apparatus includes a mold 2 having a cavity and a dummy head 3 having a forming cavity, the forming cavity of the dummy head 3 is used for cooperating with a first end of the core portion 1 to perform casting forming of the first end of the metal outer layer; the crystallizer 2 is used for being sleeved outside the core part 1 so that the pipe cavity is matched with the core part 1 to carry out casting forming of a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part 1; the dummy bar head 3 is movably arranged with respect to the mould 2. The casting of the first end of the metal outer layer coated on the side wall surface of the first end of the core 1 is carried out by casting into the molding cavity of the dummy head 3. The core part 1 cast and formed through the first end of the dummy bar head 3 moves away from the crystallizer 2 along the axial direction of the crystallizer 2, and the casting is continuously carried out on the pipe cavity of the crystallizer 2, so that the casting and forming of the metal outer layer coated on the side wall surface of the core part 1 are realized. Alternatively, the lumen of the crystallizer 2 and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 are circular, square, oval or other shapes to prepare composite blanks of different cross-sectional shapes.
As shown in fig. 2, in the apparatus for preparing a composite blank according to the present invention, a first end of a core portion 1 is positioned and placed in a forming cavity of a dummy bar head 3, such that a gap between a side wall surface of the core portion 1 and a side wall surface of the forming cavity is equal to a designed thickness of a metal outer layer, a mold 2 is sleeved outside the core portion 1 and attached to the dummy bar head 3, such that a tube cavity of the mold 2 is communicated with the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3, and a gap between the side wall surface of the core portion 1 and the side wall surface of the tube cavity is equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer, a molten metal in the outer layer is poured into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 until a bottom of the tube cavity and the metal in the outer layer in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 are solidified into the first end of the metal outer layer and coated on the side wall surface of the first end of the core portion 1; then continuously pouring the molten outer layer molten metal into the tube cavity, gradually moving the dummy bar head 3 and the core part 1 downwards according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal to fix the crystal cleaner, so as to change the relative position of the tube cavity and the core part 1, the outer layer molten metal in the tube cavity is solidified into a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part 1 and is coated on the side wall surface of the core part 1, thereby preparing the composite blank, directly forming the metal outer layer by cladding the outer layer metal liquid on the core part 1, having simple preparation steps and high solidification forming speed of the outer layer metal liquid, thereby improving the production efficiency, being applicable to the preparation of composite blanks with different radial sizes and different section shapes, and in addition, for the multilayer composite blank, by using the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention and by the same manufacturing method, a multilayer metal layer is melt-coated on the previous layer by layer, thereby manufacturing a multilayer composite blank.
As shown in fig. 2, the lower part of the tube cavity is used for casting and molding the metal outer layer in cooperation with the core part 1, and the upper part of the tube cavity is used for guiding the molten metal of the outer layer to the lower part of the tube cavity. Optionally, the upper portion of the lumen is flared to direct the outer metal flow into the lower portion of the lumen. Optionally, the molten outer layer metal is injected into the cavity through a draft tube or trough.
As shown in fig. 2, the manufacturing apparatus further includes a cooling device 5 provided at the periphery of the lower portion of the mold 2 for cooling the lower portion of the tube cavity. In this embodiment, the cooling device 5 includes a nozzle arranged on the outer periphery of the lower portion of the mold 2 and connected to a cooling water line. Whether the nozzle is opened to spray cooling water is selected according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal of the lower portion of the tube cavity, if the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal of the lower portion of the tube cavity is too low, the nozzle is opened to spray cooling water, the water pressure and the flow of the cooling water sprayed by the nozzle are adjusted according to the solidification speed, and meanwhile the sprayed cooling water can be sprayed onto a composite ingot which is solidified and formed below, so that the outer layer molten metal is solidified and formed.
As shown in fig. 2, the preparation apparatus further includes a heating device 4 provided at the periphery of the upper portion of the mold 2 for heating the upper portion of the tube cavity. In this embodiment, the heating device 4 includes an induction heating coil laid on the periphery of the upper portion of the mold 2. The temperature of the outer layer molten metal at the upper part of the tube cavity is higher than the melting point by 50-200 ℃ through the heating device 4, so that the outer layer molten metal at the upper part of the tube cavity is prevented from being solidified, certain fluidity of the outer layer molten metal is ensured, and the outer layer molten metal flows to the lower part of the tube cavity to be solidified and molded.
As shown in fig. 2, the surface of the lumen and the surface of the molding cavity are brushed with a refractory coating. The refractory coating is mould sand or graphite paint. After the outer layer molten metal at the lower part of the pipe cavity is solidified and formed by brushing a refractory coating on the surface of the pipe cavity of the crystallizer 2, the core part 1 and the formed metal outer layer can smoothly move downwards, so that the outer layer molten metal is cast and melted on the core part 1 from the first end of the core part 1 to the second end of the core part 1. The surface of the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 is coated with a refractory coating so as to facilitate the demoulding of the dummy bar head 3 after the preparation of the composite blank is finished.
As shown in fig. 2, the bottom surface of the molding cavity is provided with a positioning structure for positioning the first end of the core 1 in the molding cavity, so that the gap between the side wall surface of the core 1 and the side wall surface of the molding cavity is equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer. In this embodiment, the positioning structure includes a metal pad laid on the bottom surface of the forming cavity, and the metal pad is made of the same metal material as the metal outer layer. The thickness of the metal cushion plate is the same as the design thickness of the metal outer layer, so as to form a metal end surface layer which is coated on the first end surface of the core part 1. Before the metal base plate is laid on the bottom surface of the forming cavity, the surface of the metal base plate is pretreated by turning, planning and milling and/or grinding and other physical methods, so that the surface of the metal base plate is smooth and clean, and/or boric acid is coated on the surface of the metal base plate to prevent oxidation. The metal backing plate is also engraved with a centering mark, and the first end of the core part 1 is placed in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 according to the centering mark, so that the gap between the outer wall surface of the core part 1 and the inner wall surface of the forming cavity is equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer.
As shown in fig. 2, the bottom of the crystallizer 2 and the top of the dummy bar head 3 are provided with a positioning connection sealing structure matched with each other, so that the tube cavity of the crystallizer 2 is communicated with the forming cavity of the dummy bar head 3 when the first end of the metal outer layer is cast, and the gap between the inner wall surface of the lower part of the tube cavity and the outer wall surface of the core part 1 is equal to the design thickness of the metal outer layer. In this embodiment, the positioning connection sealing structure includes an asbestos layer sandwiched between the joint surfaces of the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3, so that the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3 are tightly jointed, thereby preventing the outer molten metal in the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3 from leaking. Optionally, the positioning connection sealing structure includes a boss and a groove which are arranged on the joint surface of the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3 and matched with each other, and a high-temperature-resistant sealing layer is laid between the boss and the groove. Optionally, the positioning connection sealing structure comprises a conical surface matching structure arranged on the joint surface of the crystallizer 2 and the dummy bar head 3, and a high-temperature-resistant sealing layer is laid between the joint surfaces.
The preparation device also comprises a preparation frame, wherein a positioning and fixing mechanism for positioning and fixing the crystal cleaner and a moving mechanism which is positioned below the positioning and fixing mechanism and used for driving the dummy head 3 to move downwards are arranged on the preparation frame. The dummy bar head 3 is fixed on the movable end of the moving mechanism, and the dummy bar head 3 and the core part 1 are driven by the moving mechanism to move downwards. Optionally, the moving mechanism is a lifting cylinder. Optionally, the moving mechanism includes a lifting screw rod arranged in the vertical direction, a lifting seat in threaded matching connection with the lifting screw rod, and a driving motor for driving the lifting screw rod to rotate.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of ingot cleaners are mounted on the preparation frame, and a plurality of dummy bars 3 are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of crystallizers 2 to simultaneously prepare a plurality of composite blanks. Optionally, a plurality of tube cavities are arranged in the crystal cleaner, and a plurality of forming cavities corresponding to the tube cavities one to one are arranged in the dummy bar head 3, so as to prepare a plurality of composite blanks simultaneously. Optionally, the plurality of lumens are all the same shape and size to simultaneously produce a plurality of identical composite blanks. Optionally, the plurality of lumens are different in shape and/or size to simultaneously prepare a plurality of different composite blanks.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of manufacturing a composite blank comprising a core (1) and a metallic outer layer covering the core (1), characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
positioning the first end of the core part (1) in a forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3) to ensure that the gap between the side wall surface of the core part (1) and the side wall surface of the forming cavity is equal to the designed thickness of the metal outer layer;
sleeving the crystallizer (2) outside the core part (1) and attaching the crystallizer to the dummy bar head (3), so that a tube cavity of the crystallizer (2) is communicated with a forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3), and a gap between the inner wall surface of the lower part of the tube cavity and the outer wall surface of the core part (1) is equal to the design thickness of the metal outer layer;
pouring the molten outer-layer molten metal into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3) until the bottom of the tube cavity and the outer-layer molten metal in the forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3) are solidified into a first end of a metal outer layer and coated on the side wall surface of the first end of the core part (1);
continuously pouring molten outer-layer molten metal into the tube cavity, and gradually moving the dummy bar head (3) and the core part (1) downwards according to the solidification speed of the outer-layer molten metal to fix the crystallizer (2), so that the outer-layer molten metal in the tube cavity is solidified into a metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part (1) and is coated on the side wall surface of the core part (1), thereby preparing a composite blank;
before the first end of the core (1) is placed in the dummy bar head (3), the method also comprises the following steps: paving a metal cushion plate on the bottom surface of a forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3), wherein the metal cushion plate is made of the same material as the metal outer layer, and the thickness of the metal cushion plate is the same as the design thickness of the metal outer layer so as to form a metal end surface layer coated on the first end surface of the core part (1); the metal backing plate is also engraved with a centering mark, the first end of the core part (1) is placed in a forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3) according to the centering mark, and the gap between the outer wall surface of the core part (1) and the inner wall surface of the forming cavity is equal to the design thickness of the metal outer layer.
2. The method of manufacturing a composite blank according to claim 1,
when the outer layer molten metal is poured, the pouring speed of the outer layer molten metal, the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal and the speed of the dummy bar head (3) driving the core part (1) to move downwards are matched.
3. The method for preparing a composite billet according to claim 1, wherein the molten outer layer metal is poured into the tube cavity and the forming cavity of the dummy head (3), and further comprising the steps of:
after the liquid level of the outer layer molten metal is 2-5 cm higher than the top edge of the forming cavity, the lower part of the tube cavity is cooled by a cooling device (5) according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal at the lower part of the tube cavity.
4. The method of making a composite blank of claim 1, wherein the molten outer layer molten metal is continuously poured into the profiled section of the tube cavity, further comprising the steps of:
when the liquid level of the outer layer molten metal is 3cm-5cm lower than the top edge of the tube cavity, the upper part of the tube cavity is heated by a heating device (4) according to the solidification speed of the outer layer molten metal on the upper part of the tube cavity.
5. Method for the preparation of a composite blank according to claim 1, characterised in that the first end of the core (1) is placed before the dummy bar head (3), further comprising the steps of:
pre-treating the surface of the core (1) by turning, planing and/or grinding;
coating boric acid on the surface of the core part (1) to prevent oxidation;
the first end of the core (1) is cut flat.
6. The method of manufacturing a composite billet according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of, before casting the outer molten metal:
and an asbestos layer is clamped on the joint surface of the crystallizer (2) and the dummy bar head (3) so as to ensure that the crystallizer (2) and the dummy bar head (3) are tightly jointed, thereby preventing the outer layer molten metal in the crystallizer (2) and the dummy bar head (3) from leaking.
7. The method of manufacturing a composite billet according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of, before casting the outer molten metal:
and (3) brushing a refractory coating on the surface of the pipe cavity of the crystallizer (2) and the surface of the forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3).
8. A manufacturing apparatus for a composite material blank manufactured by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
the preparation device comprises a crystallizer (2) provided with a tube cavity and a dummy bar head (3) provided with a forming cavity,
the forming cavity of the dummy bar head (3) is used for being matched with the first end of the core part (1) to carry out casting forming on the first end of the metal outer layer;
the crystallizer (2) is used for being sleeved outside the core part (1) so that the pipe cavity is matched with the core part (1) to carry out casting forming on the metal outer layer from the first end to the second end of the core part (1);
the dummy bar head (3) is movably arranged relative to the crystallizer (2).
9. The apparatus for preparing a composite blank according to claim 8,
the preparation device also comprises a heating device (4) which is arranged on the periphery of the upper part of the crystallizer (2) and is used for heating the upper part of the tube cavity and a cooling device (5) which is arranged on the periphery of the lower part of the crystallizer (2) and is used for cooling the lower part of the tube cavity.
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| US3455372A (en) * | 1967-03-08 | 1969-07-15 | Hidesuke Yamamoto | Continuous padding method using high frequency current |
| JPH06210434A (en) * | 1991-12-02 | 1994-08-02 | Fujikoo:Kk | Production of tough composite |
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Denomination of invention: Preparation method and device for composite billets Granted publication date: 20220222 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Co.,Ltd. Loudi branch Pledgor: HUNAN 3T NEW MATERIAL Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021430000063 |
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