CN112005648A - 一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方 - Google Patents

一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方 Download PDF

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CN112005648A
CN112005648A CN202010754352.1A CN202010754352A CN112005648A CN 112005648 A CN112005648 A CN 112005648A CN 202010754352 A CN202010754352 A CN 202010754352A CN 112005648 A CN112005648 A CN 112005648A
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China
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jin
cultivation
per
lilium tigrinum
lilium
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陈辉
周嘉良
胡雪华
胡小彪
熊娟
李晓红
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Jiangxi Yulin Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co ltd
Jinggangshan University
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Jiangxi Yulin Agricultural Science And Technology Development Co ltd
Jinggangshan University
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Priority to CN202010754352.1A priority Critical patent/CN112005648A/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，涉及种子繁育技术领域，能够得到栽培效益高的卷丹百合，且投入成本低，具有很好的经济性和推广性，具体方案为：包括卷丹百合栽培前的药物：地腾、牛亮、龙得乐、百托、星迪、炭科、力道和阿迈速；栽培后的药物：除草剂、佳雷、力道、跟爽、阿迈速、霜奇、立佳欣、曼护、润克、炭科、银法利、红颖、冠苗、喷力克、地腾、复合肥、星迪、龙得乐、波尔多液、刹无松、百托、秀极、佰利农和立闪。本发明提供的卷丹百合的栽培方法，及其栽培过程中的药物配方、肥料配方，能够得到很高的栽培效益，同时具有很好的经济性，经试验得到的相关数据，高于卷丹百合的常规栽培，且投入的成本更低。

Description

一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方
技术领域
本发明涉及种子繁育技术领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方。
背景技术
卷丹百合(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)为百合科(Liliaceae)百合属 (Lilium)最为古老的栽培种，虽然起源地不详，但分布极广。野生卷丹百合多分布在亚洲东部、日本及朝鲜。在我国分布极广，从西南的云贵高原到东北的长白山区都有它的踪迹，主要分布区为西藏、青海、甘肃、陕西、江苏、浙江、安徽、河北、山东和吉林等地。卷丹百合是一种集药用、食用和观赏为一体的优良植物。卷丹百合药用价值体现在清肺止咳、清心安神等功效，在长江中下游卷丹百合广为栽培，是百合药材的主要来源。卷丹百合(宜兴百合)同兰州百合、龙牙百合 (百合)称为中国三大食用百合品种，卷丹百合中8种人体必须氨基酸含量比兰州百合高7.05％，总氨基酸含量比兰州百合高出11.24％；矿质元素中，除磷、钾外，卷丹百合中钙、铁、铜、锰、锌、镁、硒含量均高于兰州百合；基本营养成分中，除淀粉、果胶、还原糖外，卷丹百合中蛋白、脂肪、粗纤维、Vc、总磷脂含量均高于兰州百合。因此，卷丹百合在低脂肪，高营养与良好保健功能的潜在价值值得开发。卷丹百合花大、颜色丰富，耐低温和干旱，其珠芽播种繁殖方便等优良性状，在园林中可以作地被可直接应用于城市园林绿化、家庭院落及盆栽等，是园林普遍应用的球根花卉之一。因此，卷丹百合具有良好的市场价值。
卷丹百合在培养过程中，需要多方面维护，目前从现有的文献中，不能很好的得到栽培效益高的卷丹百合。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，能够得到栽培效益高的卷丹百合，且投入成本低，具有很好的经济性和推广性。
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的：
一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，包括卷丹百合栽培前的药物：地腾、牛亮、龙得乐、百托、星迪、炭科、力道和阿迈速；栽培后的药物：除草剂、佳雷、力道、跟爽、阿迈速、霜奇、立佳欣、曼护、润克、炭科、银法利、红颖、冠苗、喷力克、地腾、复合肥、星迪、龙得乐、波尔多液、刹无松、百托、秀极、佰利农和立闪。
作为一种优选方案，卷丹百合栽培前药物组分为：每亩地使用地腾4-6kg、牛亮2-3kg、龙得乐100-300g；每100斤水使用百托300-500g、星迪40-60g、炭科40-60ML、力道40-60ML、阿迈速50-70ML。
作为一种优选方案，每亩地药物用于土壤消毒，每100斤水用药物用于浸种，浸种500-600斤。
作为一种优选方案，卷丹百合栽培后包括两次除草处理，六次叶面用药、两次根部用药。
作为一种优选方案，根部用药处理之前有五次叶面用药，两次根部用药处理之后有一次叶面用药。
作为一种优选方案，除草剂使用农帮帮，第一次除草处理使用农帮帮400-600ML每亩，第二次除草处理使用农帮帮400-600ML每亩、立闪100-150ML每亩。
作为一种优选方案，六次叶面用药中，第一次药物组分为：每30斤水中佳雷30g、力道20g、跟爽40ML、曼护20g、阿迈速25ML；第二次药物组分为：每30斤水中霜奇20ML、立佳欣25g、红颖10ML、阿迈速25ML；第三次药物组分为：每30斤水中霜奇25ML、润克 10g、炭科15ML、百托40ML、秀极10g；第四次药物组分为：每30 斤水中银法利25ML、立佳欣33g、红颖10ML、炭科20ML、炭科 20ML、佰利农15ML；第五次药物组分为：每30斤水中冠苗20g、炭科25ML、红颖10ML、喷力克20g、佰利农15g；第六次药物组分为波尔多液。
作为一种优选方案，第六次药物组分中，连续喷施3-4次现配波尔多液，第一次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100，亩用药量300斤；第二次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100，亩用药量300斤；第三次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100，亩用药量300斤；第四次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100，亩用药量300斤。
作为一种优选方案，两次根部用药中，第一次用药组分为：地腾 5Kg、龙得乐200g、复合肥10Kg每亩；第二次用药组分为：星迪 300ML、龙得乐100g、力道100ML每亩，用水量300-600斤。
一种用于卷丹百合的肥料配方，按先后顺序包括底肥、越冬肥、促苗肥和膨果肥，肥料中包括硫酸钾型缓控释复合肥、优美达、御黄散、纯硫酸钾、平衡型百合专用控释肥、地腾、高钾型膨果复合肥和地棒宝。
作为一种优选方案，商品百合底肥组分为：硫酸钾型缓控释复合肥采用西洋15-15-15百合专用硫酸钾型缓控释复合肥，100-150斤每亩；优美达1-3Kg每亩、御黄散18-22Kg每亩；育种地百合底肥组分为：西洋15-15-15百合专用硫酸钾型缓控释复合肥100-110斤每亩、亚买加54％纯硫酸钾10Kg每亩、优美达2Kg每亩、御黄散20Kg每亩。
作为一种优选方案，越冬肥采用每亩用西洋平衡型百合专用控释肥20Kg。
作为一种优选方案，促苗肥每亩采用西洋平衡型百合专用硫酸钾控释复合肥10—20Kg、地腾5Kg。
作为一种优选方案，膨果肥每亩采用西洋高钾型膨果复合肥 20Kg、地棒宝1Kg。
一种卷丹百合的栽培方法，基于上述的用于卷丹百合的肥料配方，包括以下步骤：
栽种前：施肥、土壤消毒和浸种；
栽种后：除草、叶面施药、根部施药、施肥；
除草包括两次，第一次在百合栽种1个月后下过两次大雨封土长草后用农帮帮400—600毫升每亩喷雾全田除草，第二次在立春前一星期左右用农帮帮400—600毫升每亩、立闪100—150毫升每亩全田均匀喷于垄面和沟间。
作为一种优选方案，叶面施药包括六次，根部施药包括两次，两次根部用药处理之前有五次叶面用药，两次根部用药处理之后有一次叶面用药。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明提供的卷丹百合的栽培方法，及其栽培过程中的药物配方、肥料配方，能够得到很高的栽培效益，同时具有很好的经济性，经试验得到的相关数据，高于卷丹百合的常规栽培，且投入的成本更低，具有很好的推广性。
具体实施方式
本说明书及权利要求并不以名称的差异来作为区分组件的方式，而是以组件在功能上的差异来作为区分的准则。如在通篇说明书及权利要求当中所提及的“包括”为一开放式用语，故应解释成“包括但不限定于”。“大致”是指在可接收的误差范围内，本领域技术人员能够在一定误差范围内解决所述技术问题，基本达到所述技术效果。
一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，包括卷丹百合栽培前的药物：地腾、牛亮、龙得乐、百托、星迪、炭科、力道和阿迈速；栽培后的药物：除草剂、佳雷、力道、跟爽、阿迈速、霜奇、立佳欣、曼护、润克、炭科、银法利、红颖、冠苗、喷力克、地腾、复合肥、星迪、龙得乐、波尔多液、刹无松、百托、秀极、佰利农和立闪。
作为一种优选方案，卷丹百合栽培前药物组分为：每亩地使用地腾4-6kg、牛亮2-3kg、龙得乐100-300g；每100斤水使用百托300-500g、星迪40-60g、炭科40-60ML、力道40-60ML、阿迈速50-70ML。
作为一种优选方案，每亩地药物用于土壤消毒，每100斤水用药物用于浸种，浸种500-600斤。
作为一种优选方案，卷丹百合栽培后包括两次除草处理，六次叶面用药、两次根部用药。
作为一种优选方案，根部用药处理之前有五次叶面用药，两次根部用药处理之后有一次叶面用药。
作为一种优选方案，除草剂使用农帮帮，第一次除草处理使用农帮帮400-600ML每亩，第二次除草处理使用农帮帮400-600ML每亩、立闪100-150ML每亩。
作为一种优选方案，六次叶面用药中，第一次药物组分为：每 30斤水中佳雷30g、力道20g、跟爽40ML、曼护20g、阿迈速25ML；第二次药物组分为：每30斤水中霜奇20ML、立佳欣25g、红颖10ML、阿迈速25ML；第三次药物组分为：每30斤水中霜奇25ML、润克 10g、炭科15ML、百托40ML、秀极10g；第四次药物组分为：每30 斤水中银法利25ML、立佳欣33g、红颖10ML、炭科20ML、炭科 20ML、佰利农15ML；第五次药物组分为：每30斤水中冠苗20g、炭科25ML、红颖10ML、喷力克20g、佰利农15g；第六次药物组分为波尔多液。
作为一种优选方案，第六次药物组分中，连续喷施3-4次现配波尔多液，第一次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100，亩用药量300斤；第二次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100，亩用药量300斤；第三次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100，亩用药量300斤；第四次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100，亩用药量300斤。
作为一种优选方案，两次根部用药中，第一次用药组分为：地腾 5Kg、龙得乐200g、复合肥10Kg每亩；第二次用药组分为：星迪300ML、龙得乐100g、力道100ML每亩，用水量300-600斤。
(一)卷丹百合全生育期用药明细：
7.土壤消毒处理：地腾5Kg/亩+牛亮2.5Kg/亩+龙得乐200g/亩，亩用药金额：180元。
8.浸种(种子处理)：百托400g+星迪50g+炭科50ML+力道50ML+ 阿迈速60ML兑水100斤可浸500—600斤种子。亩用药金额约：70 元。
9.栽种后到百合出土前全田喷施两次除草剂：第一次在百合栽种 1个月后下过两次大雨封土长草后用农帮帮400—600毫升/亩喷雾全田除草，第二次在立春前一星期左右用农帮帮400—600毫升/亩+立闪100—150毫升/亩全田均匀喷于垄面和沟间。两次除草及封闭除草剂金额约：75元/亩。
10.百合出苗后根据天气和长势按时进行叶面和根部施药,做到预防为主,综合防治的目标:
第一次叶面用药：(一般在2月28-3月3日之间百合出土苗高约10厘米左右)，主要防治早疫病、立枯病和叶蟓甲蚜虫及春寒，平均每亩用药2桶水(约60斤水)
佳雷30g+力道20g+跟爽40ML+曼护20g+阿迈速25ML/30斤水亩用药金额约：36元。
第二次叶面用药：主要防治早疫病、灰霉病、防倒春寒，平均每亩用药3桶水(约90斤水)
霜奇20ML+立佳欣25g+红颖10ML+阿迈速25ML/30斤水
亩用药金额：43.5元。
第三次叶面用药：主要防治疫病、炭疽病、灰霉病，平均每亩用药3桶水(约90斤水)
霜奇25ML+润克10g+炭科15ML+百托40ML+秀极 10g/30斤水
亩用药金额：57元。
第四次叶面用药：主要防治晚疫病,炭疽病,灰霉病和叶尖干枯病及膨果,平均每亩用药3桶水(约90斤水)
银法利25ML+立佳欣33g+红颖10ML+炭科20ML+佰利农15ML /30斤水；
亩用药金额：71元。
第五次叶面用药:主要防治晚疫病、急性炭疽病、叶尖干枯病及膨果,平均每亩用药4桶水(约120斤水)
冠苗20g+炭科25ML+红颖10ML+喷力克20g+佰利农15g/30斤水
亩用药金额：74元。
第一次根部施药:主要防治镰刀菌引起的茎基腐病；
地腾5Kg+龙得乐200g复合肥10Kg每亩均匀撒施于行间亩用药金额：130元。
第二次根外施药：进行根外浇灌促进上、下层根系生长并同时防治白绢病和地下害虫；
星迪300ML+1龙得乐100g+力道100ML每亩用水量300-600斤浇灌于百合根部或行间。
亩用药金额：95元。
第六次叶面用药：在百合摘心打顶后及时给百合连续喷施3-4次现配现用的波尔多液，主要是给百合穿上一层防护外罩，让病害难以浸染。
第一次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100(亩用药量300斤)亩金额：100元；
第二次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100(亩用药量300斤)亩金额：100元；
第三次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100(亩用药量300斤)亩金额：100元；
第四次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100(亩用药量300斤)亩金额：100元。
11.百合出苗后杂草出土前或有部分杂草出土时进行2次行间化学除草：
商品百合：刹无松360g+立闪150ML每亩均匀喷施于百合行间。亩用药金额：76元。
12.田埂及垄沟间进行化学除草1-2次：
农帮帮300-400ML每亩次，亩用药金额：60元。
综述：卷丹百合全年用药金额约：1367.5元。
(二)用肥明细：
1.底肥：底肥应于栽种前第2次整地时与土壤消毒、杀虫剂一起均匀全田撒施，再机械进行深耕开沟作垄，其中商品百合与种球用肥量销有不同：
a.商品百合底肥施用量：西洋15-15-15百合专用硫酸钾型缓控释复合肥100-150斤(坡地150斤/亩，稻田100斤/亩)+优美达2Kg/ 亩+御黄散20Kg/亩.
b.育种地施用底肥：西洋15-15-15百合专用硫酸钾型缓控释复合肥100斤/亩(稻田育种)+亚买加54％纯硫酸钾10Kg/亩+优美达2Kg/ 亩+御黄散20Kg/亩
2.越冬肥：在立春前15-20天进行深开沟培土时均匀撒施于垄面再行覆土，用肥量：每亩用西洋平衡型百合专用控释肥20Kg/亩。
3.促苗肥：在百合长至20公分高时根据百合苗的长势情况追施一次西洋平衡型百合专用硫酸钾控释复合肥15—20Kg/亩+地腾5Kg/ 亩
4.膨果肥：在百合摘心打顶后百合完全退化换新根前(打顶后约 10天左右)追施一次西洋高钾型膨果复合肥20Kg+地棒宝1Kg/亩。
5.卷丹百合全年亩用肥金额约：615元-735元(注：坡地用肥量更多一些)
(三).综述：卷丹百合全生育期亩用肥用药金额约：1982.5元—2102.5元。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本发明的解释，其并不是对本发明的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本发明的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。

Claims (9)

1.一种基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，包括卷丹百合栽培前的药物：地腾、牛亮、龙得乐、百托、星迪、炭科、力道和阿迈速；栽培后的药物：除草剂、佳雷、力道、跟爽、阿迈速、霜奇、立佳欣、曼护、润克、炭科、银法利、红颖、冠苗、喷力克、地腾、复合肥、星迪、龙得乐、波尔多液、刹无松、百托、秀极、佰利农和立闪。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，卷丹百合栽培前药物组分为：每亩地使用地腾4-6kg、牛亮2-3kg、龙得乐100-300g；每100斤水使用百托300-500g、星迪40-60g、炭科40-60ML、力道40-60ML、阿迈速50-70ML。
3.根据权利要求2所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，所述每亩地药物用于土壤消毒，每100斤水用药物用于浸种，浸种500-600斤。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，卷丹百合栽培后包括两次除草处理，六次叶面用药、两次根部用药。
5.根据权利要求4所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，两次根部用药处理之前有五次叶面用药，两次根部用药处理之后有一次叶面用药。
6.根据权利要求5所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，所述除草剂使用农帮帮，第一次除草处理使用农帮帮400-600ML每亩，第二次除草处理使用农帮帮400-600ML每亩、立闪100-150ML每亩。
7.根据权利要求6所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，六次叶面用药中，第一次药物组分为：每30斤水中佳雷30g、力道20g、跟爽40ML、曼护20g、阿迈速25ML；第二次药物组分为：每30斤水中霜奇20ML、立佳欣25g、红颖10ML、阿迈速25ML；第三次药物组分为：每30斤水中霜奇25ML、润克10g、炭科15ML、百托40ML、秀极10g；第四次药物组分为：每30斤水中银法利25ML、立佳欣33g、红颖10ML、炭科20ML、炭科20ML、佰利农15ML；第五次药物组分为：每30斤水中冠苗20g、炭科25ML、红颖10ML、喷力克20g、佰利农15g；第六次药物组分为波尔多液。
8.根据权利要求7所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，第六次药物组分中，连续喷施3-4次现配波尔多液，第一次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100，亩用药量300斤；第二次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100，亩用药量300斤；第三次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.3：100，亩用药量300斤；第四次波尔多液的调配比：1：1.5：100，亩用药量300斤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的基于卷丹百合栽培的药物配方，其特征在于，两次根部用药中，第一次用药组分为：地腾5Kg、龙得乐200g、复合肥10Kg每亩；第二次用药组分为：星迪300ML、龙得乐100g、力道100ML每亩，用水量300-600斤。
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