CN111995472A - Disease-resistant growth-promoting type composite slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Disease-resistant growth-promoting type composite slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995472A CN111995472A CN202010965110.7A CN202010965110A CN111995472A CN 111995472 A CN111995472 A CN 111995472A CN 202010965110 A CN202010965110 A CN 202010965110A CN 111995472 A CN111995472 A CN 111995472A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
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Abstract
The invention provides a disease-resistant growth-promoting type compound slow release fertilizer, which comprises a core material, a biological organic layer and a coating; the mass percentages of the core material, the biological organic layer and the coating are respectively 10-25%, 70-89% and 1-5%; the slow release fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing a core material and a biological organic layer, granulating and coating. The disease-resistant growth-promoting type composite slow release fertilizer contains a double-layer slow release film, can play an effective slow release role, and can continuously play a role of more than 2 months in hole application during transplanting. The disease-resistant growth-promoting type compound slow-release fertilizer disclosed by the invention is long in slow-release time, can be used for aiming at seedling diseases, seedling nutrition and nematode hazards of protected vegetables from a seedling stage to a fruiting early stage, improving the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate, reducing the use frequency of the fertilizer and effectively saving manpower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of crop nutrition and plant protection, and relates to a disease-resistant growth-promoting type compound slow-release fertilizer.
Background
The productivity of the vegetables and fruits in the unit area is high, and the high yield mainly depends on a large amount of fertilizer and pesticide for solving the problems of material supply and pest control in the growth process of crops. With the increase of labor cost, the fertilizer water and pesticide are gradually applied in a labor-saving way. In order to improve the product quality, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides gradually changes from chemical fertilizer synthetic pesticides to organic fertilizers and biological pesticides. The biological organic fertilizer can provide organic matters and specific functional microorganisms at the same time, has the functions of preventing diseases and promoting growth, directly or indirectly improves soil, recovers soil fertility, maintains the balance of root system microorganisms, degrades toxic and harmful substances and the like. Through the metabolic activity of microorganisms in soil, the supply of plant nutrients can be increased, the growth of plants can be promoted, and the quality of agricultural products and the agricultural ecological environment can be improved.
The problems that the biological activity has certain requirements on the storage condition and is easy to inactivate in the processes of processing, storage and transportation are solved in the aspect of the biological organic fertilizer at present; secondly, the microorganisms have certain requirements on the habitat and cannot add a large amount of quick-acting mineral elements in a direct mixing mode; thirdly, the control effect on the diseases is slow, and the control effect on the diseases in the seedling stage after transplantation is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior fertilizer, the invention provides a disease-resistant growth-promoting type compound slow-release fertilizer which can induce the disease resistance of plants, promote the seedling revival, prevent the diseases in the seedling stage and continuously provide the nutrition for the plants when being used in the seedling stage.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the disease-resistant growth-promoting type compound slow-release fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A disease-resistant growth-promoting compound slow release fertilizer comprises a core material, a biological organic layer and a coating; the mass percentages of the core material, the biological organic layer and the coating are respectively 10% -25%, 70% -89% and 1% -5%. The slow release fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing a core material and a biological organic layer, granulating and coating.
The core material comprises 1-10% of nematode biocontrol bacteria, 90-99% of humic acid, 0.3-1% of film forming agent and 0-0.1% of pore-forming agent; the percentage is the mass percentage of the core material.
The effective viable count of the nematode biocontrol bacteria in the core material is not less than 1 multiplied by 108/g。
The film forming agent is one or more selected from polyethylene glycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, chitosan, polylactic acid and ethyl cellulose. The pore-foaming agent is selected from one or more of urea or polyglutamic acid.
The raw materials of the biological organic layer comprise 94-100% of biological bacterial fertilizer, 0-0.1% of amino acid, 0-5% of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 0-1% of secondary element water-soluble fertilizer and 0-0.09% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer; the percentage is the mass percentage of the biological organic layer; preferably, the fertilizer comprises 0.05-0.1% of amino acid, 1-5% of a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5-1% of a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer and 0.045-0.09% of a trace element water-soluble fertilizer.
The effective viable count of the biological bacterial fertilizer is not less than 3 multiplied by 108(ii) in terms of/g. The biological bacterial fertilizer at least comprises bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis; may also comprise at least one of Paecilomyces lilacinus, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Trichoderma viride and white rot fungi.
The macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer containing one or more macroelements; the secondary element water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer containing one or more secondary elements; the microelement water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer containing one or more microelements.
The coating raw material is selected from one or more of polyethylene glycol 6000, polyethylene glycol 8000, polylactic acid and ethyl cellulose, and the mixture of salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose. The mass percentage of the salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose in the coating is 1-10%.
The salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose is prepared by the following method:
(i) adding sodium periodate into sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, adjusting pH value to 3-4, and reacting at normal temperature; after the reaction is finished, adding excessive glycol; then precipitating with ethanol, and dialyzing with 5 μm dialysis membrane in pure water;
(ii) adding salicylic acid into the dialyzed solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, reacting at room temperature, and drying the reaction solution to obtain the coating material.
In the step (i), the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the sodium periodate is 1: 1.
In the step (ii), the mass ratio of the salicylic acid to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1: 5-10.
The preparation method of the slow release fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the nematode biocontrol bacteria with humic acid, adjusting moisture, granulating, drying and grading to obtain particles, dissolving a film-forming agent and a pore-foaming agent, and coating the outer layer of the particles to obtain a core material;
(2) selectively adding amino acid, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer and a trace element water-soluble fertilizer into the biological bacterial fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a biological organic layer;
(3) and uniformly mixing the core material and the biological organic layer, granulating, and coating to obtain the slow release fertilizer.
In the step (1), the core material is particles with the diameter of 1-3 mm. In the step (3), the slow release fertilizer is granules with the diameter of 5-8 mm.
The invention has the following advantages:
the disease-resistant growth-promoting type composite slow release fertilizer contains a double-layer slow release film, can play an effective slow release role, and can continuously play a role of more than 2 months in hole application during transplanting. After seedling transplantation, through the wetting of seedling reviving water, the salicylic acid begins to be slowly released from the outermost layer coating, the disease resistance and the stress resistance of plants are induced, the survival rate is enhanced, the seedling strengthening proportion is improved, and certain killing and repelling effects on harmful bacteria, nematodes and underground pests can be achieved; and meanwhile, the release speed of the water-soluble fertilizer in the biological organic layer is regulated. Beneficial bacteria in the biological organic layer start to propagate in large quantities by depending on organic matters after being wetted, and are gradually planted around the root system along with the hydrolysis and degradation of the outer coating, so that the effects of improving soil, stimulating crop growth and antagonizing harmful bacteria are exerted; along with the growth of plants and the reduction of the concentration of the salicylic acid, the nematode biocontrol bacteria in the core material are released, so that the secondary infection of the nematodes on crops can be effectively reduced.
The disease-resistant growth-promoting type compound slow-release fertilizer disclosed by the invention is long in slow-release time, can be used for aiming at seedling diseases, seedling nutrition and nematode hazards of vegetables from a seedling stage to an early stage of fruiting, improving the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate, reducing the use frequency of the fertilizer and effectively saving manpower.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose
1. Sample 1 preparation
(1) Dissolving 40 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in 2000 mL of deionized water, stirring at 35 ℃ for 12 h to prepare a carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and adding 40 g of sodium periodate into the carboxymethyl cellulose solution; dropwise addition of 1% H2SO4Adjusting the pH value of the solution to 3, and reacting for 6 hours; after the reaction is finished, adding excessive glycol to remove unreacted sodium periodate; precipitating with 160 mL of ethanol, and dialyzing with 5 μm dialysis membrane for 24 h with pure water;
(2) adding 8g of salicylic acid into the dialyzed solution, stirring at room temperature for 12 h, and performing vacuum drying at 37 ℃ to obtain a salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose sample 1.
2. Sample 2 preparation
(1) Dissolving 40 g of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in 2000 mL of deionized water, stirring at 35 ℃ for 12 h to prepare a carboxymethyl cellulose solution, and adding 40 g of sodium periodate into the carboxymethyl cellulose solution; dropwise addition of 1% H2SO4Adjusting the pH value of the solution to 3, and reacting for 6 hours; after the reaction is finished, adding excessive glycol to remove unreacted sodium periodate; precipitating with 160 mL of ethanol, and dialyzing with 5 μm dialysis membrane for 24 h with pure water;
(2) adding 4g of salicylic acid into the dialyzed solution, stirring at room temperature for 12 h, and performing vacuum drying at 37 ℃ to obtain a salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose sample 2.
3. Safety feature
The sample 1 prepared above and polylactic acid were dissolved in 75% ethanol at a mass ratio of 9:1, and sprayed on humic acid particles having a diameter of 5mm at a mass ratio of 1%, 2%, 5%, 10% to prepare particles having different film-carrying amounts.
The 5-leaf tomato seedling and the two-leaf and one-heart cucumber seedling are respectively used as test materials for carrying out pot culture tests. Taking a flowerpot with the diameter of 15cm, filling soil to the capacity of 2/3, transplanting strong seedlings with basically consistent plant height and stem thickness, performing hole application on particles with different film carrying amounts, performing 10 g/pot application, taking humic acid particles as a control, filling soil to the capacity of 4/5, slightly compacting, watering until the bottom is just permeable, repeating the treatment for 5 times, and repeating the step for 10 pots; culturing at 25 deg.C in culture room with photoperiod of 14L: 10D. Observing and recording the seedling reviving time and the plant growth state every day after transplanting, measuring the plant height and calculating the growth rate inhibition rate 21 days after transplanting, and commenting the safety according to the following method:
the crops have no visible symptoms and are very safe;
the color change and necrosis of the crops are within 10 percent, or the wilting time is 1-2h, or the growth rate is delayed within 10 percent after 21d, so that the crops are safe;
11% -20% of crops are slightly damaged due to discoloration and necrosis, or 3-5h of wilting time, or 11% -20% of growth rate retardation after 21 d;
21% -50% of crops are in moderate damage due to discoloration and necrosis, or wilting time of more than 5h, or 21-50% of 21d growth rate retardation;
more than 50% of the plants are seriously damaged due to discoloration, necrosis or fallen leaves, or unrecoverable wilting, or more than 50% of the 21d growth rate is delayed.
TABLE 1 salicylic acid grafted carboxymethylcellulose safety
According to the observation and the data record in the table 1, the plant leaves have no obvious visual discoloration, deformity, wilting and leaf necrosis within 0-21d after transplantation, and have no obvious influence on the seedling revival time and the growth rate. The above results show that the salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose as a coating material is safe for cucumber and tomato at an addition concentration of 0.01% -1%.
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of the core Material
1. Core material 1
(1) Mixing 7.5g of paecilomyces lilacinus powder, 2.5g of bacillus subtilis powder and 189g of humic acid, adsorbing, adjusting the water content to 20%, granulating by using a disc, drying at a low temperature of 45 ℃ until the water content is about 10%, and finishing granules to obtain granules containing biocontrol bacteria;
(2) dissolving polyethylene glycol 6000 and polyethylene glycol 400 in 75% ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 9:1 to obtain film-forming agent solution, spraying the film-forming agent solution on the particles containing the biocontrol bacteria at a content of 0.5% by weight of the total core material, and drying at a low temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the core material with the particle size of about 3 mm. The effective viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus and the bacillus subtilis in the core material is respectively 1.71 multiplied by 10 by adopting a plate counting method8G and 2.57X 108/g。
2. Core material 2
(1) Mixing 20g of paecilomyces lilacinus fermentation liquor (with the solid content of 10%) with 197.4g of humic acid, adjusting the water content to 40%, performing extrusion granulation, drying at a low temperature of 45 ℃ until the water content is about 12%, and finishing granules to obtain granules containing biocontrol bacteria;
(2) dissolving polylactic acid in dichloromethane, dissolving polyethylene glycol 400 in 75% ethanol solution, mixing before spraying according to the weight ratio of 8:2, spraying on the particles containing the biocontrol bacteria according to the content of 0.15% of the total weight of the core material, drying, spraying again, and drying at low temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the core material with the particle size of about 2 mm. The effective viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus in the core material is 1.03 multiplied by 10 by adopting a flat plate counting method8/g。
3. Core material 3
(1) Mixing and adsorbing 20g of paecilomyces lilacinus powder and 177.8g of humic acid, adjusting the water content to 17%, granulating by adopting a disc, drying at a low temperature of 45 ℃ until the water content is about 10%, and finishing granules to obtain granules containing biocontrol bacteria;
(2) dissolving chitosan and urea in water according to the mass ratio of 10:1And (3) obtaining a film forming agent and a pore-forming agent solution, adding the biocontrol bacteria-containing granules into a granulation barrel according to the content of 1.1 percent of the total weight of the core material, performing rolling film coating on the granules in the granulation barrel, and drying the granules at a low temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the core material with the particle size of about 3 mm. The effective viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus in the core material is 5.07 multiplied by 10 by adopting a flat plate counting method8/g。
4. Core material 4
Mixing and adsorbing 20g of paecilomyces lilacinus powder and 177.8g of humic acid, adjusting the water content to 17%, granulating by adopting a disc, drying at a low temperature of 45 ℃ until the water content is about 10%, and finishing granules to obtain granules containing biocontrol bacteria; the effective viable count of the paecilomyces lilacinus in the core material is 5.26 multiplied by 10 by adopting a flat plate counting method8/g。
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of the Bio-organic layer
The formula is as follows: 94% of biological bacterial fertilizer, 0.05% of amino acid, 4.4% of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 0.5% of secondary element water-soluble fertilizer and 0.05% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer;
the biological bacterial fertilizer is commercially available, contains Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Trichoderma viride, white rot bacteria and yeast, and has effective viable count of not less than 5 × 108(ii)/g; the amino acid is provided by 40% amino acid concentrate.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
and respectively adding a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer and a trace element water-soluble fertilizer into the 40% amino acid concentrated solution, uniformly mixing, adding the biological bacterial fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a biological organic layer.
Example 4 preparation of Slow Release Fertilizer
Weighing different components according to the raw material composition and the proportion in the table 2, and preparing the raw materials according to the following steps:
uniformly mixing different core materials and the biological organic layer, adjusting the water content to about 17%, granulating by using a disc to obtain matrix particles with the particle size of about 5mm, dissolving the coating material in 75% ethanol, spraying and coating, and drying at low temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the slow release fertilizer.
TABLE 2 Slow-Release Fertilizer compounding table
Example 5 different slow release fertilizers have an impact on crop disease resistance.
1. Preventing and treating initial infection after transplantation
The control effect of the slow release fertilizer 1-5 on cucumber soil-borne diseases is observed by a pot experiment:
(1) 9cm plate culture of cucumber fusarium wilt pathogenic bacteria: (Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) F.sp cucumerinum Owen), culturing at 27 deg.C for 6 days, washing off spores with 9mL of water per dish, filtering with double-layer gauze to obtain filtrate, and adjusting the concentration of spore suspension to 1 × 106Per mL; according to 1000cm3Inoculating 1mL of sterile soil at a ratio to obtain diseased soil;
(2) loading disease soil into a flowerpot with the diameter of 15cm to the capacity of 2/3, transplanting cucumber seedlings with two leaves and one core and basically consistent growth vigor, performing hole application of the slow release fertilizer in the embodiment 4 at a rate of 10 g/pot by taking the biological organic layer in the embodiment 3 as a contrast, loading soil into the flowerpot to the capacity of 4/5, slightly compacting, watering until the bottom is just permeable, repeating the treatment for 5 times, and repeating the step for 10 pots; culturing at 25 deg.C in culture room with photoperiod of 14L: 10D. The number of diseased seedlings is observed and recorded at 14d after transplantation, and the infection rate is calculated, and the result is shown in table 3.
2. Preventing and treating reinfection of soil-borne disease
The control effect of the slow release fertilizer 1-5 on cucumber soil-borne diseases is observed by a pot experiment:
(1) 9cm plate culture of cucumber fusarium wilt pathogenic bacteria: (Fusarium oxysporum (Schl.) F.sp cucumerinum Owen), culturing at 27 deg.C for 6 days, washing off spores with 9mL of water per dish, filtering with double-layer gauze to obtain filtrate, and adjusting the concentration of spore suspension to 1 × 108Per mL; obtaining inoculation liquid;
(2) a flowerpot with the diameter of 15cm is filled with sterilized soil to 2/3 volume, cucumber seedlings with two leaves and one core and basically consistent growth potential are transplanted, the slow release fertilizer in the embodiment 4 is applied in a hole mode, 10g of the slow release fertilizer is applied in a pot, the biological organic layer in the embodiment 3 is used as a contrast, soil is filled to 4/5 volume, the soil is slightly compacted and watered until the bottom is just pervious, the treatment is repeated for 5 times, and 10 pots are repeated for each time; culturing at 25 deg.C in culture room with photoperiod of 14L: 10D. At 28d after transplantation, inoculating the stem base part according to 1mL of inoculating liquid per pot, observing and recording the number of diseased seedlings at 21d after inoculation, and calculating the infection rate, wherein the results are shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3 infection rates for different slow release fertilizer treatments
Note: significant difference at 0.05 level for different letter representation
According to the data in the table 3, compared with the control, the slow release fertilizers can obviously reduce the initial infection and the re-infection of the soil-borne diseases in the seedling stage of the cucumber. This shows that the salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose can slowly release salicylic acid, improve the disease resistance of crops and inhibit and kill pathogenic bacteria. From the general trend, the control effect of the coating amount of 0.5-3% is gradually improved, and the control effect is reduced when the coating amount is 7%; the coating amount is 1-5% by combining the economic benefit and the effect.
3. Preventing and controlling nematode primary infection
Pot experiment is used for observing the control effect of the slow release fertilizer 1-5 on nematode infection after cucumber transplantation:
(1) collecting Meloidogyne incognita eggs, incubating at 15 deg.C in dark, and separating by Bellman funnel method to obtain J2Suspending the solution, adjusting the concentration of larvae to 300 pieces/mL, according to 1000cm3Inoculating 1mL of sterile soil at a ratio to obtain diseased soil;
(2) take 500cm3Loading the disease soil into a flowerpot with the diameter of 15cm, transplanting cucumber seedlings with two leaves and one core and basically consistent growth vigor, applying the slow release fertilizer in the hole of 10 g/pot in the embodiment 4, taking the biological organic layer in the embodiment 3 as a control, and then filling the soil with 300cm3The sterile soil is filled to 4/5 volume, the soil is watered until the bottom is just pervious after being slightly compacted, and the treatment is repeated for 5 times, and 10 pots are repeated for each time; culturing at 25 deg.C in culture room with photoperiod of 14L: 10D. The number of root knots with a diameter of more than 2mm was observed and recorded 21d after transplantation, and the infection inhibition rate was calculated as = (number of control root knots-number of treated root knots)/number of control root knots × 100%.
TABLE 4 inhibition of nematode infestation by different slow-release fertilizer treatments
Note: significant difference at 0.05 level for different letter representation
According to the data in the table 4, compared with a control simple biological organic fertilizer, each slow release fertilizer can reduce the infection rate of meloidogyne incognita, and the effect is optimal when the coating amount is 3% -5%. The coating amount is too high, and although the avoidance effect is better, the colonization of beneficial bacteria is slow, so that the prevention and treatment effect is influenced.
4. Prevention and control of nematode re-infestation
And (3) observing the control effect of the slow release fertilizer 7-11 on nematode infection after tomato transplantation by using a pot experiment:
(1) take 500cm3Loading disease soil into flowerpot with diameter of 20cm, loading sterilized soil, transplanting 7-leaf tomato seedling with basically consistent growth potential, applying slow release fertilizer in holes at 10 g/pot, using slow release fertilizer 6 as control, and filling 300cm3The sterile soil is filled to 4/5 volume, the soil is watered until the bottom is just pervious after being slightly compacted, and the treatment is repeated for 5 times, and 10 pots are repeated for each time; culturing in a greenhouse;
(2) collecting Meloidogyne incognita eggs, incubating at 15 deg.C in dark, and separating by Bellman funnel method to obtain J2Suspending liquid, adjusting the concentration of larvae to be 100 per mL, and obtaining nematode liquid;
(3) and (5) taking 4 1mL pipette tips 60 days after transplanting, inserting the pipette tips into a cross at a position 5cm away from the stem base by about half of the height, taking out the pipette tips, then inoculating 1mL of the pipette tips at each point, covering a small amount of sterilized soil after the inoculation liquid is completely infiltrated, and watering by a water infiltration method after inoculation. The number of root knots with a diameter of more than 2mm was observed and recorded 28d after inoculation, and the infection inhibition rate was calculated as = (number of control root knots-number of treated root knots)/number of control root knots × 100%.
TABLE 5 inhibition of nematode infestation by different slow release fertilizer treatments
Note: significant difference at 0.05 level for different letter representation
According to the data in the table 5, the slow release fertilizers 7-11 all have higher re-infection control effect on nematodes than the fertilizers with uncoated core materials, which is probably due to the fact that different beneficial bacteria compete or antagonize with each other, so that the colonization of the biocontrol bacteria is difficult. Along with the moisture entering, the biocontrol bacteria firstly rely on humic acid to carry out preliminary propagation in the core material, and then can resist the influence of other beneficial bacteria after being exposed with a large amount of bacterial strains, and propagate fast, thereby achieving better prevention and control effect. The control effect is gradually improved with the increase of the content of the core material from 5 percent to 20 percent, and the control effect improvement higher than 15 percent is not obvious any more. This indicates that the slow release fertilizer containing the coated core material can continuously control the nematode damage in a longer time (2-3 months). The slow release fertilizer can effectively prevent and treat the harm caused by nematode accumulation caused by residual soil after soil disinfection or introduction of other factors.
Example 6 Effect of different Slow Release fertilizers on tomato growth
The influence of the slow release fertilizer 13-15 on the tomato growth is observed by a pot experiment: filling sterile soil in a flowerpot with the diameter of 15cm to the capacity of 2/3, transplanting 7-leaf tomato seedlings with basically consistent plant height and stem thickness, performing hole application of slow release fertilizer at 10 g/pot by taking the slow release fertilizer 12 as a control, then filling soil to the capacity of 4/5, slightly compacting, watering until the bottom is just pervious, repeating the treatment for 5 times, and repeating the step for 10 pots each time; culturing at 25 deg.C in culture room with photoperiod of 14L: 10D. After 30 days of transplanting, the plant height, the stem thickness and the fresh weight of the underground part are measured, and the average value is calculated.
TABLE 6 influence of different slow-release fertilizers on the plant height, stem thickness and underground fresh weight of tomato
Note: significant difference at 0.05 level for different letter representation
The results of the seedling stage and the seedling stage are shown in table 6, and it can be seen from the data in table 6 that: the plant height of the slow release fertilizer application group is obviously smaller than that of the control group, and the stem thickness and the underground fresh weight are obviously higher than those of the control group; this demonstrates that the use of a salicylic acid grafted carboxyethylcellulose coating prevents spindling during the seedling stage, increases stem thickness and root growth, as compared to a slow release fertilizer coated with only carboxyethylcellulose.
Example 7 Effect of Slow Release fertilizers on crop disease and insect resistance and yield quality
Samples were produced for field fertilizer efficiency testing in accordance with the formulation of slow release fertilizer 12 of example 4, with the bio-organic layer as the control fertilizer.
1. Tomato
The test was carried out at Gao Town in Pingyuan county, Texas, and carried out in a winter-heating greenhouse of about 1000m2And planting tomatoes in successive years, wherein the density is 3000 plants/mu. Before the test, the dazomet is fumigated to disinfect the soil. Respectively applying slow release fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer to tomato, and performing hole application with mixed soil during seedling transplanting, wherein the application dose is 10 g/hole, and each treatment is 500m2Repeating for 5 times, randomly selecting 20 plants for measuring yield, and randomly selecting 10 plants for measuring the quality of the first-stubble fruits: the soluble solid adopts a refractometer method, and the Vc content adopts a 2, 6-dichloroindophenol method; randomly selecting 20 plants every time when changing the stubble, and observing the infection rate of the nematodes; the results are shown in table 7 below:
TABLE 7 tomato yield and quality
Note: p <0.05 for t-test compared to control
According to the data in the table, compared with a control group, the slow release fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively reduce the nematode infection rate in the continuous cropping crop field, increase the tomato yield and improve the product quality.
2. Chinese chives
The test is carried out in the Li village of fishing in Wangda county of Pingyuan, Tex, and the test area is 400m2Planting for 3 years continuously, and disinfecting the soil in metham before testing. Applying slow release fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer in furrow before transplanting respectively, wherein the application dose is 10 kg/mu; 200m per treatment2Repeat 5 times. Planting in an arched shed in the month of 2, operating in normal farming, and calculating the yield after harvesting the first-batch Chinese chives; randomly selecting 5 points in 9 middle ten days of the month, and digging each pointTaking 10 clusters, wherein the total number is not less than 100, calculating the infection rate of the Chinese chive maggots, and the result is shown in a table 8:
TABLE 8 yield increasing effect of compound microbial inoculum on folium Allii tuberosi
Note: p <0.05 for t-test compared to control
According to the data in the table, compared with the control group, the slow release fertilizer provided by the invention can control the incidence rate of Chinese chive maggots and increase the yield of Chinese chives.
Claims (9)
1. The disease-resistant growth-promoting type compound slow release fertilizer is characterized by comprising a core material, a biological organic layer and a coating; the mass percentages of the core material, the biological organic layer and the coating are respectively 10-25%, 70-89% and 1-5%; the slow release fertilizer is obtained by uniformly mixing a core material and a biological organic layer, granulating and coating.
2. The disease-resistant growth-promoting compound slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the coating raw material is a mixture of one or more of polyethylene glycol 6000, polyethylene glycol 8000, polylactic acid and ethyl cellulose and salicylic acid-grafted carboxymethyl cellulose; the mass percentage of the salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose in the coating is 1-10%.
3. The disease-resistant growth-promoting compound slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the salicylic acid grafted carboxymethyl cellulose is prepared by the following method:
(i) adding sodium periodate into sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution, adjusting pH value to 3-4, and reacting at normal temperature; after the reaction is finished, adding excessive glycol; then precipitating with ethanol, and dialyzing with 5 μm dialysis membrane in pure water;
(ii) adding salicylic acid into the dialyzed solution, adjusting the pH value to 7-8, reacting at room temperature, and drying the reaction solution to obtain the coating material.
4. The disease-resistant growth-promoting compound slow-release fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein in the step (i), the mass ratio of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose to the sodium periodate is 1: 1.
5. The disease-resistant growth-promoting compound slow-release fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein in the step (ii), the mass ratio of the salicylic acid to the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is 1: 5-10.
6. The disease-resistant growth-promoting compound slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the core material comprises 1-10% of nematode biocontrol bacteria, 90-99% of humic acid, 0.3-1% of film-forming agent and 0-0.1% of pore-foaming agent; the percentage is the mass percentage of the core material.
7. The disease-resistant growth-promoting composite slow-release fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the biological organic layer comprise 94-100% of biological bacterial fertilizer, 0-0.1% of amino acid, 0-5% of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, 0-1% of secondary element water-soluble fertilizer and 0-0.09% of trace element water-soluble fertilizer; the% is the mass percentage of the bio-organic layer.
8. A method for preparing a slow release fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the nematode biocontrol bacteria with humic acid, adjusting moisture, granulating, drying and grading to obtain particles, dissolving a film-forming agent and a pore-foaming agent, and coating the outer layer of the particles to obtain a core material;
(2) selectively adding amino acid, a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer, a secondary element water-soluble fertilizer and a trace element water-soluble fertilizer into the biological bacterial fertilizer, and uniformly mixing to obtain a biological organic layer;
(3) and uniformly mixing the core material and the biological organic layer, granulating, and coating to obtain the slow release fertilizer.
9. The production method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1), the core material is a particle having a diameter of 1 to 3 mm; in the step (3), the slow release fertilizer is granules with the diameter of 5-8 mm.
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