CN111992020A - Tail gas treatment process for recycling lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
Tail gas treatment process for recycling lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992020A CN111992020A CN202010921809.3A CN202010921809A CN111992020A CN 111992020 A CN111992020 A CN 111992020A CN 202010921809 A CN202010921809 A CN 202010921809A CN 111992020 A CN111992020 A CN 111992020A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tail gas treatment process for recycling a lead-acid storage battery, which specifically comprises the following steps: pretreatment: mechanically punching, crushing and separating the lead-acid storage battery, classifying, recovering and processing plastics, lead electrode plates, lead-containing materials and waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process, and collecting and processing the waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process of the waste lead-acid storage battery; and (3) lead recovery: separating the metal lead from the mixture by a pyrometallurgical method by using the pretreated battery fragments containing the metal lead, oxides of the lead, sulfates of the lead and other metal substances; pollution control measures: controlling atmospheric pollution; controlling pollution of the acidic electrolyte and the overflow liquid; the lead recovery is equipped with a corresponding sewage treatment station; controlling residue pollution; harmful gas and dust escape when the lead-acid storage battery is recovered are avoided by the design, and the collected gas can be discharged after being purified and treated to reach the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lead-acid storage battery recovery, and relates to a tail gas treatment technology, in particular to a tail gas treatment process for lead-acid storage battery recovery.
Background
Batteries using aqueous acid as electrolyte are generally referred to as acid batteries, and most typically lead-acid batteries. The main advantages of the acid accumulator are high working voltage, wide use temp., good high-low rate discharge performance, rich raw material source and low cost. The disadvantage is that the energy density is low, which makes the volume and weight of the device bigger. The lead-acid accumulator has positive pole of lead dioxide, negative pole of spongy lead, electrolyte of sulfuric acid water solution, microporous rubber partition board, microporous plastic partition board or other material for different lead accumulators, hard rubber, engineering plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic and other material for battery casing, and is one of the batteries with the highest output and wide use in the world and with sale accounting for over 30% of the global sale.
The pollution of lead-acid storage batteries is mainly the pollution of heavy metal lead and electrolyte solution, lead can cause symptoms of neurasthenia, deadlimb, dyspepsia of digestive systems, blood poisoning, kidney injury and the like of nervous systems, a large number of waste batteries are discarded in the environment, acid and alkali electrolyte solutions in the waste batteries can influence the pH value of soil and water systems to acidify or alkalize the soil and water systems, heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and the like are absorbed by organisms and enter human food chains through various ways to be aggregated in human bodies, so that the human bodies are malformed or deformed and even die, one button battery can pollute 60 thousands of liters of water, which is equivalent to the water intake of one person in a whole life, and therefore, a tail gas treatment process for recycling the lead-acid storage batteries is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a tail gas treatment process for recycling a lead-acid storage battery so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the tail gas treatment process for recycling the lead-acid storage battery specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing: mechanically punching, crushing and separating the lead-acid storage battery, classifying, recovering and processing plastics, lead electrode plates, lead-containing materials and waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process, and collecting and processing the waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process of the waste lead-acid storage battery;
step S2, lead recovery: separating the metal lead from the mixture by a pyrometallurgical method by using the pretreated battery fragments containing the metal lead, oxides of the lead, sulfates of the lead and other metal substances;
step S3, pollution control measures:
A. controlling air pollution: the method comprises the following steps of recovering lead, treating dust discharged from all working procedures by a tail gas treatment system, discharging, and directly returning the collected dust to a lead recovery production system by adopting one or more of a bag-type dust collector, an electrostatic dust collector, a cyclone dust collector, a ceramic filter or a wet dust collector according to the requirement of pollution treatment degree; SO2 adopts one or more of dry, semi-wet and wet methods, and adopts advanced and mature desulfurization technology and equipment;
B. and (3) pollution control of the acidic electrolyte and the overflow liquid: a neutralization treatment method is adopted to achieve harmless neutralization of slag; the lead recovery is equipped with corresponding sewage treatment stations for treating sewage, rainwater and overflow liquid during storage of a waste lead-acid storage battery warehouse, which flow out of a recovery plant, and untreated electrolyte cannot be directly discharged;
C. controlling residue pollution: managing smelting residues, waste gas purification ash residues, waste water treatment sludge and sorting residues generated by lead recovery according to hazardous wastes, and sending the hazardous wastes to a hazardous waste safety landfill for disposal; the residue hazardous waste generated in the resource regeneration process is forbidden to be randomly stacked or buried;
D. when the waste lead-acid storage battery is recovered, a corresponding waste water, waste gas and waste residue pollution control system is arranged, and an alarm system and emergency treatment measures are also arranged.
Further, the specific smelting method of the pyrometallurgical method is as follows:
a. direct smelting reduction is carried out to recover lead, flue gas containing sulfur dioxide is collected to prepare acid, and the generated tail gas is treated by a tail gas treatment system to realize standard emission;
b. the pyrometallurgy adopts one or more of a rotary kiln, a blast furnace, an electric furnace, a rotary kiln and a reverberatory furnace, strictly controls the adding amount of a smelting medium and a reducing medium, removes all sulfur and other impurities in battery fragments and reduces all lead oxides;
c. the waste lead-acid storage battery resource regeneration is carried out by utilizing a pyrometallurgical process, the smelting process is carried out under a closed negative pressure condition so as to prevent harmful gas and dust from escaping, and the collected gas is subjected to purification treatment and is discharged after reaching the standard.
Further, the tail gas treatment system comprises a smoke exhaust chimney, an alkaline water tank, a cyclone dust collector, a smoke removal barrel and a dust removal box, wherein a first filter layer is arranged in the smoke exhaust chimney, a second filter layer is arranged on the lower side of the first filter layer, a third filter layer is arranged on the lower side of the second filter layer, one side of the smoke exhaust chimney is connected with a first connecting pipe, the alkaline water tank is arranged on one side of the smoke exhaust chimney, one end, far away from the smoke exhaust chimney, of the first connecting pipe extends into the alkaline water tank, the alkaline water tank is connected with a second connecting pipe, one end of the second connecting pipe extends into the alkaline water tank, and the other end of the second connecting pipe is connected with the cyclone dust collector;
the cyclone dust collector is connected with one end of a third connecting pipe, the other end of the third connecting pipe is connected with a dust removal box, the cyclone dust collector is connected with the dust removal box through the third connecting pipe, a cross rod is arranged in the dust removal box, a sliding ring is slidably arranged on the upper side of the cross rod, a connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the lower side of the sliding ring, a connecting disc is arranged in the middle of the connecting rod, and a dust removal cloth bag is arranged at the lower end of the connecting rod;
a side that the third connecting pipe was kept away from to the dust removal case is connected with the fourth connecting pipe, the other end of fourth connecting pipe is connected with and removes a miscellaneous section of thick bamboo, remove the inside fixed mounting of miscellaneous section of thick bamboo and place the ring, place and place acid and alkali-resistance filtration steel mesh screen on the ring, remove miscellaneous section of thick bamboo upside and install sealed lid, the intake pipe is installed to the inside intermediate position of sealed lid.
Furthermore, a sealing flange plate is installed at the upper end of the air inlet pipe, a pipe hole is formed in the middle of the inside of the sealing cover, an internal thread is carved on the inner wall of the pipe hole, an external thread is carved on the annular side face of the air inlet pipe, the external thread is meshed with the internal thread, and the air inlet pipe is installed in a meshed mode through the threads and the pipe hole.
Further, the lower side of the sealing cover is provided with an upper hanging ring, the upper hanging ring is connected with a connecting rope, the upper side of the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen is provided with a lower hanging ring, and the connecting rope is connected with the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen through the lower hanging ring.
Furthermore, the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen is in a middle convex shape, and the edge part of the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen is provided with an annular connecting hopper.
Further, the height of the pipe orifice at one end, extending to the inside of the alkaline water tank, of the first connecting pipe is higher than the height of the pipe orifice at one end, extending to the inside of the alkaline water tank, of the second connecting pipe, and alkaline liquid is filled in the alkaline water tank.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the tail gas treatment process for recycling the lead-acid storage battery, the lead-acid storage battery is subjected to mechanical punching, crushing, separating and other pretreatment operations, the mechanical punching of the waste lead-acid storage battery is carried out by proper measures, secondary pollution is avoided, the produced plastic, lead electrode plates, lead-containing materials and waste acid liquor are classified, recycled and treated, and the waste acid liquor produced in the pretreatment process of the waste lead-acid storage battery is collected and treated, so that pollutants are prevented from being discharged into a sewer or into the environment; battery fragments containing metallic lead, oxides of lead, sulfates of lead and other metal substances are separated from the mixture by adopting a pyrometallurgical method, the waste lead-acid storage battery resources are regenerated by utilizing the pyrometallurgical process, the smelting process is carried out under the condition of closed negative pressure, harmful gas and dust are prevented from escaping, and the collected gas is purified and can be discharged after reaching the standard;
2. according to the invention, dust and tail gas generated in a lead recovery process are treated by a tail gas treatment system and then discharged, according to the requirement of pollution treatment degree, equipment such as a bag-type dust collector, a dust removal box and an alkaline water tank are adopted for purification treatment, pollution control of acidic electrolyte and overflow liquid generated in the recovery process of a lead-acid storage battery is realized, a neutralization treatment method is adopted to achieve neutralization and harmlessness, and meanwhile, a corresponding sewage treatment station is also arranged during recovery of the lead-acid storage battery and is used for treating sewage and rainwater in a recovery plant and the overflow liquid generated during storage of a waste lead-acid storage battery warehouse, so that untreated pollution liquid is prevented from flowing into the outside; managing smelting residues, waste gas purification ash residues, waste water treatment sludge and sorting residues generated by recycling the lead-acid storage battery according to hazardous wastes, sending the residues to a hazardous waste safety landfill for disposal, forbidding random stacking or landfill of the residues and the hazardous wastes generated in the resource regeneration process, and configuring an alarm system and emergency treatment measures besides a corresponding waste water, waste gas and waste residue pollution control system when recycling the waste lead-acid storage battery;
3. the impurity-resistant and acid-alkali-resistant filtering steel mesh screen is used in cooperation with an impurity removing cylinder, a placing ring, an acid-alkali-resistant filtering steel mesh screen, a sealing cover, a connecting rope, an air inlet pipe and a sealing flange plate, the sealing flange plate is connected with an external tail gas discharge pipe in a sealing mode, tail gas containing impurities enters the impurity removing cylinder, the acid-alkali-resistant filtering steel mesh screen which is in a middle convex shape can filter the impurities, the intercepted impurities slide into a receiving hopper at the edge part of the acid-alkali-resistant filtering steel mesh screen, the sealing cover is opened after tail gas treatment is finished, the sealing cover is lifted by the connecting rope, the acid-alkali; the tail gas after impurity removal treatment is conveniently subjected to further dust removal treatment by matching the dust removal box, the dust removal cloth bags, the cross rods, the slip rings, the connecting rods and the connecting discs, the slip rings slide left and right along the cross rods, and the space between the dust removal cloth bags is adjusted, so that the number of layers of the tail gas in the dust removal cloth bags is adjusted, and the number of layers of the dust removal cloth bags can be increased or decreased; through the cooperation use of cyclone, alkaline water tank, first filter layer, second filter layer and third filter layer, the convenience carries out acid-base neutralization treatment to lead acid battery's tail gas, avoids taking acid gas to get into the external world, uses through the cooperation of three filter layers, can effectively thoroughly eliminate acid component.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a tail gas treatment process for lead-acid battery recovery according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tail gas treatment system in the tail gas treatment process for lead-acid battery recovery according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a slip ring in the tail gas treatment process for lead-acid battery recovery according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a chimney; 2. a first filter layer; 3. a second filter layer; 4. a third filter layer; 5. a first connecting pipe; 6. an alkaline water tank; 7. a second connecting pipe; 8. a cyclone dust collector; 9. a third connecting pipe; 10. a dust removal cloth bag; 11. a fourth connecting pipe; 12. an impurity removal cylinder; 13. placing a ring; 14. acid and alkali resistant filtering steel mesh screen; 15. a sealing cover; 16. connecting ropes; 17. an air inlet pipe; 18. sealing the flange plate; 19. a connecting rod; 20. a connecting disc; 21. a cross bar; 22. a slip ring; 23. a dust removal box.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment is a tail gas treatment process for recycling a lead-acid storage battery, and the tail gas treatment process specifically includes the following steps: the resource regeneration of the waste lead-acid storage battery is carried out by pretreating, and then treating lead-containing materials such as electrode plate fillers and the like by a metallurgy method;
step S1, preprocessing:
(the pretreatment process of the waste lead-acid storage battery is carried out in a closed structure, and the waste lead-acid storage battery is not required to be manually crushed and crushed in an open environment), and generally comprises mechanical punching, crushing, separation and the like;
proper measures should be taken for mechanical punching of the waste lead-acid storage battery to avoid secondary pollution;
the crushing process of the waste lead-acid storage battery ensures that components such as a lead plate, a connector, a plastic box, an acid electrolyte and the like in the battery are easy to separate in the subsequent steps;
the crushed lead oxide and sulfate can be separated from other raw materials by screening, hydraulic separation, filtration and other modes;
waste plastics are cleaned until no pollution exists, and the waste plastics are further recycled after being basically free of lead;
the pretreatment process is actively promoted to be carried out by adopting automatic crushing and sorting equipment, and plastics, lead electrode plates, lead-containing materials and waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process are respectively recovered and treated; the waste acid liquid in the waste lead acid storage battery is collected and treated, and cannot be discharged into a sewer or the environment;
step S2, lead recovery:
the pretreated battery fragments containing metallic lead, oxides of lead, sulfates of lead and other metals such as calcium, copper, silver, antimony, arsenic and tin can be separated from the mixture by pyrometallurgical method;
A. pyrometallurgical method: the method comprises two modes, namely, firstly pre-desulfurizing and then smelting and reducing lead at high temperature; the other method is a direct smelting reduction recovery lead and sulfur recovery treatment process;
(1) the pre-desulfurization process can be used for desulfurization through reaction with ammonium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide or a mixture of ferric oxide and calcium carbonate, and the like, and a sodium sulfate solution generated by desulfurization can be further purified to produce high-purity salt;
(2) the direct smelting reduction is utilized to recover lead, the smelting process is to collect sulfur dioxide-containing flue gas for acid making, and tail gas is to be purified and discharged after reaching the standard;
(3) the pyrometallurgy can adopt a rotary kiln, a blast furnace, an electric furnace, a rotary kiln, a reverberatory furnace (a reverberatory furnace without direct coal burning) and the like, and the adding amount of a smelting medium and a reducing medium is strictly controlled to ensure that all sulfur and other impurities in battery fragments are removed and all lead oxides are reduced;
(4) the waste lead-acid storage battery resource regeneration is carried out by utilizing a pyrometallurgical process, the smelting process is carried out under a closed negative pressure condition so as to prevent harmful gas and dust from escaping, and the collected gas is purified and discharged after reaching the standard;
step S3, pollution control measures:
A. controlling air pollution:
(1) the dust discharged from all the procedures of the lead recovery enterprise is collected and treated and then discharged, and according to the requirement of pollution treatment degree, a bag-type dust collector, an electrostatic dust collector, a cyclone dust collector 8, a ceramic filter or a wet dust collector is adopted, and the collected dust can be directly returned to the lead recovery production system;
(2) for SO2The elimination can be carried out by dry, semi-wet and wet methods. Advanced and mature desulfurization technology and equipment are adopted for carrying out the desulfurization;
B. and (3) pollution control of the acidic electrolyte and the overflow liquid:
(1) if neutralization treatment is adopted, neutralization slag is harmless;
(2) the lead recovery enterprises should have sewage treatment stations for treating sewage, rainwater, overflow liquid during storage of waste lead acid storage battery warehouses and the like flowing out of recovery plants, and untreated electrolyte cannot be directly discharged;
C. controlling residue pollution:
(1) smelting residues, waste gas purification ash residues, waste water treatment sludge and sorting residues generated by lead recovery enterprises are managed according to hazardous wastes and can be sent to a hazardous waste safe landfill for disposal;
(2) any stacking or landfill of dangerous waste such as residue generated in the resource regeneration process is prohibited.
D. Noise pollution control: basic vibration reduction, noise elimination and sound insulation measures are adopted for main noise equipment such as a crusher, a pump, a fan and the like;
E. the resource regeneration device of the waste lead-acid storage battery is provided with an alarm system and an emergency treatment device besides a pollution control system for waste water, waste gas, waste residue and the like;
F. inorganization emission pollution control:
(1) electrolyte leakage of the waste lead-acid storage battery occurs in the collection and transportation processes of the waste lead-acid storage battery, the leakage liquid is timely recovered, alkaline substances such as caustic soda, quicklime and the like are adopted for neutralization, and the neutralized substances are intensively recovered, so that the pollution to the surrounding environment is avoided;
(2) during process design and engineering design, the phenomenon of unorganized discharge is avoided as much as possible, for example, the logistics transportation is conveyed by adopting a negative pressure sealing pipeline as much as possible; the production workshop is designed in a closed micro-negative pressure mode, and waste gas generated by the production workshop is concentrated to a main pipeline through branch pipelines and is finally purified, absorbed and discharged after reaching standards;
(3) the temporary storage warehouse and the storage warehouse of the waste lead-acid storage battery are in a micro-negative pressure state, and sulfuric acid mist and dust generated by the temporary storage warehouse and the storage warehouse are subjected to centralized purification and recovery treatment and are discharged after reaching the standard;
(4) the waste lead-acid storage battery crushing and sorting workshop is in a micro negative pressure state, and the sulfuric acid mist and dust in the waste lead-acid storage battery crushing and sorting workshop are subjected to centralized purification and recovery at an air outlet and then are discharged after reaching the standard;
(5) after the waste lead-acid storage battery shell is thoroughly cleaned, the waste lead-acid storage battery shell meets the requirement of the environmental protection standard HJ/T364 and is then recycled;
(6) safety and environmental protection inspection is carried out regularly or irregularly, measures are taken in time when the unorganized emission is found, and the unorganized emission is reduced;
(7) taking emergency measures on the site of the unorganized emission to bring harmful emissions into an organized emission system;
example 2:
this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
step S2, lead recovery: the pretreated battery fragments containing metallic lead, oxides of lead, sulfates of lead and other metals such as calcium, copper, silver, antimony, arsenic and tin can be separated from the mixture by a hydrometallurgical method;
a hydrometallurgical method: comprises a pre-desulfurization-electrolytic deposition process and a solid-phase electroreduction lead process;
(1) the (NH) is adopted before leaching by the pre-desulfurization-electrolytic deposition process4)2CO3Or alkali carbonate, etc. to convert the lead sulfate in the lead plaster into H soluble matter2SiF6Or HBF4A lead compound of (a); the desulfurization material can be leached by adopting silicofluoric acid or borofluoric acid electrolyte to obtain electrolyte, the electrolyte is subjected to electrolytic deposition to obtain a product of electrolytic lead, the lean electrolyte is returned to be leached, and then the desulfurization solution is evaporated to recover byproducts;
(2) the solid-phase electrolytic lead reduction process can adopt NaOH as electrolyte and stainless steel plates as cathode and anode electrode plates, but stainless steel separators are additionally arranged on two sides of a cathode plate, lead plaster slurried by NaOH is filled in frames on two sides of the cathode plate, and solid-phase lead substances in the lead plaster obtain electrons from the surface of the cathode during electrolysis and are directly reduced into metallic lead;
(3) in the wet metallurgy process, the crystallized or spongy electrolytic deposit of lead is collected and pressed into a lead cake with high purity, and then the lead cake is sent to a furnace to be cast into an ingot;
(4) the waste lead-acid storage battery resource regeneration is carried out by utilizing a wet metallurgy process, the process is carried out in a closed structure, and the exhausted gas is required to be dehumidified and purified and is discharged after reaching the standard.
Example 3:
referring to fig. 2-3, the present embodiment is a tail gas treatment process for recycling lead-acid storage battery, the tail gas treatment system comprises a discharge chimney 1, an alkaline water tank 6, a cyclone dust collector 8, an impurity removing cylinder 12 and a dust removing box 23, a first filter layer 2 is arranged in the smoke exhaust chimney 1, a second filter layer 3 is arranged at the lower side of the first filter layer 2, a third filter layer 4 is arranged at the lower side of the second filter layer 3, one side of the chimney 1 is connected with a first connecting pipe 5, an alkaline water tank 6 is arranged on one side of the exhaust chimney 1, one end of the first connecting pipe 5 far away from the exhaust chimney 1 extends into the alkaline water tank 6, the alkaline water tank 6 is connected with a second connecting pipe 7, one end of the second connecting pipe 7 extends into the alkaline water tank 6, and the other end of the second connecting pipe 7 is connected with a cyclone dust collector 8;
the cyclone dust collector 8 is connected with one end of a third connecting pipe 9, the other end of the third connecting pipe 9 is connected with a dust removing box 23, the cyclone dust collector 8 is connected with the dust removing box 23 through the third connecting pipe 9, a cross rod 21 is installed inside the dust removing box 23, a slip ring 22 is installed on the upper side of the cross rod 21 in a sliding mode, a connecting rod 19 is fixedly installed on the lower side of the slip ring 22, a connecting disc 20 is installed in the middle of the connecting rod 19, and a dust removing cloth bag 10 is installed at the lower end of the connecting rod (;
a side that third connecting pipe 9 was kept away from to dust removal case 23 is connected with fourth connecting pipe 11, the other end of fourth connecting pipe 11 is connected with and goes miscellaneous section of thick bamboo 12, it has places ring 13 to go miscellaneous inside fixed mounting of section of thick bamboo 12, place and place acid and alkali-resistance filtration steel mesh screen 14 on the ring 13, go miscellaneous section of thick bamboo 12 upside and install sealed lid 15, sealed inside intermediate position of lid 15 installs intake pipe 17.
Wherein, sealed ring flange 18 is installed to intake pipe 17 upper end, and sealed ring flange 18 makes things convenient for and external lead acid battery tail gas discharge pipe sealing connection, the pipe hole has been seted up to sealed 15 inside intermediate positions of lid, and the pipe hole inner wall is carved and is equipped with the internal thread, intake pipe 17 annular side is carved and is equipped with the external screw thread, and external screw thread and internal thread mesh mutually, intake pipe 17 passes through the screw thread and the installation of pipe hole meshing, through the thread engagement, makes things convenient for intake pipe 17 to install inside sealed lid 15, increases the gas tightness.
Wherein, the link is installed to sealed 15 downside of covering, it is connected with and connects rope 16 to go up the link, the link is installed down to 14 upsides of acid and alkali-resistance filter steel mesh screen, connect rope 16 and be connected with acid and alkali-resistance filter steel mesh screen 14 through the link down, also can promote acid and alkali-resistance filter steel mesh screen 14 when sealed 15 is opened and take out.
The acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen 14 is in a middle convex shape, and the edge part of the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen 14 is provided with a receiving bucket in an annular shape, so that impurities can conveniently slide into the receiving bucket at the edge part of the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen 14.
The height of the pipe orifice at one end, extending to the inside of the alkaline water tank 6, of the first connecting pipe 5 is higher than the height of the pipe orifice at one end, extending to the inside of the alkaline water tank 6, of the second connecting pipe 7, so that alkaline liquid is prevented from entering the first connecting pipe 5, alkaline liquid is filled in the alkaline water tank 6, and acid and alkali neutralization treatment of tail gas of a lead-acid storage battery is facilitated.
Wherein, first filter layer 2 is filled by a plurality of active carbon particle and forms, second filter layer 3 is made by the polypropylene material, third filter layer 4 is made by komel acupuncture felt material, and first filter layer 2, second filter layer 3 and third filter layer 4 are made by acid resistance filter material, can thoroughly purify and drive the acid composition in the lead acid battery tail gas.
The working principle is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of performing mechanical punching, crushing, separating and other pretreatment operations on the lead-acid storage battery, taking appropriate measures for mechanical punching of the waste lead-acid storage battery, avoiding secondary pollution, performing classified recovery and treatment on the generated plastic, lead electrode plates, lead-containing materials and waste acid liquor, and collecting and treating the waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process of the waste lead-acid storage battery to avoid discharging pollutants into a sewer or into the environment; battery fragments containing metallic lead, oxides of lead, sulfates of lead and other metal substances are separated from the mixture by adopting a pyrometallurgical method, the waste lead-acid storage battery resources are regenerated by utilizing the pyrometallurgical process, the smelting process is carried out under the condition of closed negative pressure, harmful gas and dust are prevented from escaping, and the collected gas is purified and can be discharged after reaching the standard;
acid-containing dust and tail gas generated in the lead-acid storage battery recovery process are treated by a tail gas treatment system and then discharged, equipment such as a bag-type dust collector, a dust removal box 23, an alkaline water tank 6 and the like are adopted for purification treatment according to the requirement of pollution treatment degree, pollution control is performed on acid electrolyte and overflow liquid generated in the lead-acid storage battery recovery process, a neutralization treatment method is adopted to achieve neutralization and harmlessness, and meanwhile, a corresponding sewage treatment station is also arranged during lead-acid storage battery recovery and used for treating sewage and rainwater in a recovery plant and overflow liquid generated during storage of a waste lead-acid storage battery warehouse, so that untreated pollution liquid is prevented from flowing into the outside; managing smelting residues, waste gas purification ash residues, waste water treatment sludge and sorting residues generated by recycling the lead-acid storage battery according to hazardous wastes, sending the residues to a hazardous waste safety landfill for disposal, forbidding random stacking or landfill of the residues and the hazardous wastes generated in the resource regeneration process, and configuring an alarm system and emergency treatment measures besides a corresponding waste water, waste gas and waste residue pollution control system when recycling the waste lead-acid storage battery;
acid and alkali-resistant filter steel mesh screen 14 is placed on placing ring 13, the upper end of connecting rope 16 is connected with sealing cover 15 through upper connecting ring, the lower end of connecting rope 16 is connected with acid and alkali-resistant filter steel mesh screen 14 through lower connecting ring, and is connected with external tail gas discharge pipe through sealing flange plate 18 in a sealing manner, when tail gas containing impurities enters impurity removal cylinder 12, acid and alkali-resistant filter steel mesh screen 14 with a convex middle shape can filter impurities, the intercepted impurities slide into a receiving hopper at the edge of acid and alkali-resistant filter steel mesh screen 14, the subsequent tail gas treatment is finished, only sealing cover 15 needs to be opened, sealing cover 15 can be lifted through connecting rope 16 to take out acid and alkali-resistant filter steel mesh screen 14 together, and acid and alkali-resistant filter steel;
tail gas after impurity removal enters the dust removal box 23 through the fourth connecting pipe 11, the tail gas is filtered and intercepted layer by layer through the dust removal cloth bag 10, the tail gas after the impurity removal is convenient to further perform dust removal treatment, meanwhile, workers slide the slip ring 22 left and right along the cross rod 21 to adjust the left and right spacing of the dust removal cloth bag 10, the adjustment of the number of layers of the tail gas in the dust removal cloth bag 10 is realized, and the slip ring 22 can be taken down from the cross rod 21 or the connecting disc 20 can be detached to realize the increase and deletion adjustment of the number of layers of the dust removal cloth bag 10;
the tail gas of the secondary dust removal enters a cyclone dust collector 8 and an alkaline water tank 6 through a third connecting pipe 9 and a second connecting pipe 7 in sequence, the cyclone dust collector 8 carries out dust removal operation on the tail gas through centrifugal operation, then get into alkaline water tank 6 through second connecting pipe 7, alkaline liquid is filled in alkaline water tank 6 inside, it is convenient to carry out acid-base neutralization treatment to lead acid battery's sour tail gas that contains, avoid taking acid gas to get into the external world, first filter layer 2 is formed by filling of a plurality of active carbon granule, second filter layer 3 is made by the polypropylene material, third filter layer 4 is made by kommer acupuncture felt material, first filter layer 2, second filter layer 3 and third filter layer 4 are made by acid-resistant filter material, first filter layer 2, the combination of second filter layer 3 and third filter layer 4 is used, can thoroughly purify and clear away acid composition in the lead acid battery tail gas.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The tail gas treatment process for recycling the lead-acid storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, preprocessing: mechanically punching, crushing and separating the lead-acid storage battery, classifying, recovering and processing plastics, lead electrode plates, lead-containing materials and waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process, and collecting and processing the waste acid liquor generated in the pretreatment process of the waste lead-acid storage battery;
step S2, lead recovery: separating the metal lead from the mixture by a pyrometallurgical method by using the pretreated battery fragments containing the metal lead, oxides of the lead, sulfates of the lead and other metal substances;
step S3, pollution control measures:
A. controlling air pollution: the dust discharged from all the working procedures of lead recovery is discharged after being treated by a tail gas treatment system, one or more of a bag-type dust collector, an electrostatic dust collector, a cyclone dust collector (8), a ceramic filter or a wet dust collector is adopted according to the requirement of pollution treatment degree, and the collected dust is directly returned to a lead recovery production system; SO (SO)2Adopting one or more of dry, semi-wet and wet methods, and applying desulfurization technology and equipment;
B. and (3) pollution control of the acidic electrolyte and the overflow liquid: a neutralization treatment method is adopted to achieve harmless neutralization of slag; the lead recovery is equipped with corresponding sewage treatment stations for treating sewage, rainwater and overflow liquid during storage of a waste lead-acid storage battery warehouse, which flow out of a recovery plant, and untreated electrolyte cannot be directly discharged;
C. controlling residue pollution: managing smelting residues, waste gas purification ash residues, waste water treatment sludge and sorting residues generated by lead recovery according to hazardous wastes, and sending the hazardous wastes to a hazardous waste safety landfill for disposal; the residue hazardous waste generated in the resource regeneration process is forbidden to be randomly stacked or buried;
D. when the waste lead-acid storage battery is recovered, a corresponding waste water, waste gas and waste residue pollution control system is arranged, and an alarm system and emergency treatment measures are also arranged.
2. The process for treating tail gas for recycling the lead-acid storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the specific smelting method of the pyrometallurgical method is as follows:
a. direct smelting reduction is carried out to recover lead, flue gas containing sulfur dioxide is collected to prepare acid, and the generated tail gas is treated by a tail gas treatment system to realize standard emission;
b. the pyrometallurgy adopts one or more of a rotary kiln, a blast furnace, an electric furnace, a rotary kiln and a reverberatory furnace, strictly controls the adding amount of a smelting medium and a reducing medium, removes all sulfur and other impurities in battery fragments and reduces all lead oxides;
c. the waste lead-acid storage battery resource regeneration is carried out by utilizing a pyrometallurgical process, the smelting process is carried out under a closed negative pressure condition so as to prevent harmful gas and dust from escaping, and the collected gas is subjected to purification treatment and is discharged after reaching the standard.
3. The lead-acid storage battery retrieves and uses tail gas processing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, the tail gas processing system includes chimney (1), alkaline water tank (6), cyclone (8), remove miscellaneous section of thick bamboo (12) and dust removal case (23) of discharging fume, discharge fume chimney (1) internally mounted have first filter layer (2), second filter layer (3) are installed to first filter layer (2) downside, third filter layer (4) are installed to second filter layer (3) downside, chimney (1) one side of discharging fume is connected with first connecting pipe (5), one side of chimney (1) of discharging fume is provided with alkaline water tank (6), the one end that chimney (1) of discharging fume was kept away from in first connecting pipe (5) extends to inside alkaline water tank (6), alkaline water tank (6) are connected with second connecting pipe (7), the one end of second connecting pipe (7) extends to inside alkaline water tank (6), the other end of the second connecting pipe (7) is connected with a cyclone dust collector (8);
the cyclone dust collector (8) is connected with one end of a third connecting pipe (9), the other end of the third connecting pipe (9) is connected with a dust removing box (23), the cyclone dust collector (8) is connected with the dust removing box (23) through the third connecting pipe (9), a cross rod (21) is installed inside the dust removing box (23), a sliding ring (22) is installed on the upper side of the cross rod (21) in a sliding mode, a connecting rod (19) is fixedly installed on the lower side of the sliding ring (22), a connecting disc (20) is installed in the middle of the connecting rod (19), and a dust removing cloth bag (10) is installed at the lower end of the connecting rod (19;
a side that third connecting pipe (9) were kept away from in dust removal case (23) is connected with fourth connecting pipe (11), the other end of fourth connecting pipe (11) is connected with and goes miscellaneous section of thick bamboo (12), it has places ring (13) to go miscellaneous inside fixed mounting of section of thick bamboo (12), place and place acid and alkali resistance filter steel mesh screen (14) on ring (13), go miscellaneous section of thick bamboo (12) upside and install sealed lid (15), intake pipe (17) are installed to sealed lid (15) inside intermediate position.
4. The tail gas treatment process for recycling of the lead-acid storage battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein a sealing flange (18) is installed at the upper end of the gas inlet pipe (17), a pipe hole is formed in the middle position inside the sealing cover (15), an internal thread is carved on the inner wall of the pipe hole, an external thread is carved on the annular side face of the gas inlet pipe (17), the external thread is meshed with the internal thread, and the gas inlet pipe (17) is meshed with the pipe hole through the thread.
5. The tail gas treatment process for recycling the lead-acid storage battery as claimed in claim 3, wherein an upper hanging ring is installed on the lower side of the sealing cover (15), the upper hanging ring is connected with a connecting rope (16), a lower hanging ring is installed on the upper side of the acid-and alkali-resistant filtering steel mesh screen (14), and the connecting rope (16) is connected with the acid-and alkali-resistant filtering steel mesh screen (14) through the lower hanging ring.
6. The tail gas treatment process for recycling the lead-acid storage batteries according to claim 3, wherein the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen (14) is in a convex shape, and a ring-shaped receiving hopper is arranged at the edge of the acid and alkali resistant filter steel mesh screen (14).
7. The tail gas treatment process for recycling the lead-acid storage battery according to claim 3, wherein the first connecting pipe (5) extends to the inside of the alkaline water tank (6) at a pipe port at one end at a height higher than the second connecting pipe (7) extends to the inside of the alkaline water tank (6) at one end at a height, and the alkaline water tank (6) is filled with alkaline liquid.
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| CN113413702A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-21 | 太和县大华能源科技有限公司 | Waste gas purification process for recycling lead-acid storage battery |
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Application publication date: 20201127 |