CN111991921A - 一种口罩用滤材 - Google Patents

一种口罩用滤材 Download PDF

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CN111991921A
CN111991921A CN202010493549.4A CN202010493549A CN111991921A CN 111991921 A CN111991921 A CN 111991921A CN 202010493549 A CN202010493549 A CN 202010493549A CN 111991921 A CN111991921 A CN 111991921A
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filter
layer
particles
mask
filtration efficiency
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尤健明
孙成磊
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Zhejiang Jingmo Environmental Protection Co ltd
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/065—More than one layer present in the filtering material
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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Abstract

本发明公开一种口罩用滤材，主要由容尘层、过滤层和防护层组成；本发明的口罩用滤材用于制作口罩时，容尘层主要作用是容纳拦截的微细颗粒物，避免微细颗粒物堵塞中间持久高效过滤层造成压差快速上升；过滤层主要作用是拦截微尘和病毒、病菌等细微颗粒物，保持吸入人体的为洁净空气；防护层具有高透气之特性。

Description

一种口罩用滤材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种口罩用滤材。
背景技术
随着经济发展和生活水平的提高，各种工业废气和汽车尾气带来的空气污染越来越严重，空气中充斥着大量的微细颗粒物，严重威胁人民的身体健康和生命。更重要的是病毒(即流感、SARS、新冠肺炎等)、病菌都能借助这些细小的颗粒物和飞沫等介质进行传播，能够引发严重的群体性病疫事件，而佩戴口罩能够有效防止外界微细颗粒物经由呼吸入肺对人体造成伤害和阻断疫情的传播，减少甚至避免群体性公共风险产生。现有技术中，口罩过滤层一般采用熔喷无纺布或针刺静电棉材料，熔喷无纺布和针刺静电棉材料均是依靠静电吸附作用对大气中的颗粒物进行有效拦截。但是口罩在使用过程中，会因呼气带来的水蒸气将口罩材料变得潮湿，引发熔喷无纺布和静电针刺棉失电，对颗粒物的拦截效率下降，防护作用降低。
发明内容：
为了解决现有技术中存在的问题，采取的技术方案为：一种口罩用滤材，其主要由容尘层、过滤层和防护层组成；所述容尘层为无纺布材料，所述容尘层配置于比所述过滤层靠气流的上游侧的位置，当使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过所述容尘层时，与流过所述过滤层的情况相比，所述容尘层对于所述粒子的过滤效率较低，所述容尘层对于所述粒子的过滤效率为90％以下；所述过滤层为聚四氟乙烯膜，当使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的 NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过所述过滤层时，所述过滤层对于所述粒子的过滤效率为90％以上99.99％以下；所述防护层为无纺布或织物，其配置于比所述过滤层靠气流的下游侧的位置，透气量为4000l/m2/s以上；所述滤材，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率 95％以上，压力损失小于220Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升小于 300Pa。
作为优选，所述容尘层为熔喷无纺布，当使包括粒子直径为0.3 μm的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过所述容尘层时，所述容尘层对于所述粒子的过滤效率为85％以下；
作为又一优选，所述容尘层为熔喷无纺布，克重20-40g/m2。
作为又一优选，所述的容尘层为水刺无纺布，克重20-40g/m2。
作为又一优选，所述的防护层为热风无纺布，克重10-30g/m2。
作为又一优选，所述防护层为纱布，克重10-30g/m2。
本发明与现有技术相比的优点为：
1、本发明的口罩用滤材用于制作口罩时，容尘层主要作用是容纳拦截的微细颗粒物，避免微细颗粒物堵塞中间持久高效过滤层造成压差快速上升；过滤层主要作用是拦截微尘和病毒、病菌等细微颗粒物，保持吸入人体的为洁净空气；防护层具有高透气之特性。
2、在使用本发明所涉及的滤材制作的口罩时，容尘层能够将微细颗粒物容纳在无纺布层纤维交错的立体空隙中，在容尘的同时又能有效避免颗粒物形成密集，影响透气性，造成呼吸阻力的快速上升，从而使得使用本发明材料制作的口罩长时间佩戴时呼吸阻力保持平稳；本发明滤材的过滤层主要靠物理拦截以及范德华力来过滤细微的颗粒物，具有持久高效的特点，外界温湿度的变化不会对其造成影响，因此其效率持久性要远高于传统口罩过滤层材料，能够保证口罩具有持久高效的效果。
附图说明
图1为罩用滤材的结构示意图。
如附图所示，其中1：口罩用滤材整体；11：容尘层；12：过滤层；13：防护层。
具体实施方式
实施例一
选用单位面积质量为20g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为90％(14cm/s)的熔喷无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为90％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为4000l/m2/s，单位面积质量为30g/m2的水刺无纺布作为防护层13。本实施例中的所述熔喷无纺布11、聚四氟乙烯膜12及水刺无纺布13通过复合机复合在一起。复合机包含三个放卷装置，分别放置本实施例所述的水刺无纺布卷、聚四氟乙烯膜卷和熔喷无纺布卷，其中在水刺无纺布放卷装置和聚四氟乙烯膜放卷装置之间有一热熔胶机，热熔胶机喷射压敏胶于水刺无纺布13上，后与聚四氟乙烯膜放卷装置引出的聚四氟乙烯膜12以及熔喷无纺布放卷机引出的熔喷无纺布11叠合在一起；本实施例所述的水刺无纺布13、聚四氟乙烯膜12和熔喷无纺布11叠合在一起后经过导布辊后牵引至分切收卷处进行分切收卷，导布辊与复合的滤材有30度的包角，确保本实施例所述的水刺无纺布和四氟乙烯膜之间复合牢固。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的空气以 14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率98.7％，压力损失135Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升168Pa。
实施例二
选用单位面积质量为40g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为90％(14cm/s)的水刺无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为90％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为11000l/m2/s，单位面积质量为10g/m2,的纺粘无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm 的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率98.2％，压力损失128Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升285Pa。
实施例三
选用单位面积质量为35g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为60％(14cm/s)的熔喷无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为90％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为9200l/m2/s，单位面积质量为20g/m2,的纱布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材 1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl 粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率 95％，压力损失139Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升107Pa。
实施例四
选用单位面积质量为20g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为30％(14cm/s)的水刺无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为95％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为8500l/m2/s，单位面积质量为30g/m2的热风无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的 NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率96.4％，压力损失98Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升300Pa。表一：
Figure 1
实施例五
选用单位面积质量为20g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为90％(14cm/s)的熔喷无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为96％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为7500l/m2/s，单位面积质量为30g/m2的水刺无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的 NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率99.4％，压力损失127Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升172Pa。
实施例六
选用单位面积质量为30g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为35％(14cm/s)的水刺无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为95％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为9200l/m2/s，单位面积质量为20g/m2的纺粘无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的 NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率95.7％，压力损失132Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升217Pa。
实施例七
选用单位面积质量为40g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为60％(14cm/s)的熔喷无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为97％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为14000l/m2/s，单位面积质量为10g/m2的纱布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl 粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率 98.2％，压力损失147Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升137Pa。
实施例八
选用单位面积质量为40g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为90％(14cm/s)的水刺无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为97％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为12000l/m2/s，单位面积质量为10g/m2的热风无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm 的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率99.7％，压力损失138Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升298Pa。
表二：
Figure RE-GDA0002742581230000071
实施例九
选用单位面积质量为30g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为85％(14cm/s)的熔喷无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为99.95％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为8700l/m2/s，单位面积质量为20g/m2的水刺无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm 的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率99.99％，压力损失220Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升157Pa。
实施例十
选用单位面积质量为25g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为50％(14cm/s)的水刺无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为99.95％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为7800l/m2/s，单位面积质量为25g/m2的纺粘无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm 的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率99.97％，压力损失198Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升289Pa。
实施例十一
选用单位面积质量为20g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为60％(14cm/s)的熔喷无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为99.99％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为8700l/m2/s，单位面积质量为30g/m2的纱布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl 粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率 99.994％，压力损失184Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升256Pa。
实施例十二
选用单位面积质量为25g/m2,其对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为30％(14cm/s)的水刺无纺布作为容尘层11；选用对直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的过滤效率为99.99％(14cm/s)的聚四氟乙烯膜作为过滤层12；选用透气量为9000l/m2/s，单位面积质量为25g/m2的热风无纺布作为防护层13。通过实施例一的复合方式进行复合，从而得到滤材1。对复合后的滤材1进行测试，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm 的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率99.992％，压力损失167Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升 298Pa。
表三：
Figure RE-GDA0002742581230000091

Claims (6)

1.一种口罩用滤材，其特征在于，主要由容尘层、过滤层和防护层组成；
所述容尘层为无纺布材料，容尘层配置于比所述过滤层靠气流的上游侧的位置，当使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过所述容尘层时，与流过所述过滤层的情况相比，所述容尘层对于所述粒子的过滤效率较低，所述容尘层对于所述粒子的过滤效率为90％以下；
所述过滤层为聚四氟乙烯膜，当使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过所述过滤层时，所述过滤层对于所述粒子的过滤效率为90％以上99.99％以下；
所述防护层为无纺布或织物，其配置于比所述过滤层靠气流的下游侧的位置，透气量为4000l/m2/s以上；
所述滤材，使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过滤材时，对于所述粒子的过滤效率95％以上，压力损失小于220Pa，容尘30mg时，加载阻力上升小于300Pa。
2.如权利要求1所述的口罩用滤材，其特征在于，所述容尘层为熔喷无纺布，当使包括粒子直径为0.3μm的NaCl粒子的空气以14.0cm/秒的流速流过所述容尘层时，所述容尘层对于所述粒子的过滤效率为85％以下。
3.如权利要求1中所述的口罩用滤材，其特征在于，所述容尘层为熔喷无纺布，克重20-40g/m2。
4.如权利要求1中所述的口罩用滤材，其特征在于，所述的容尘层为水刺无纺布，克重20-40g/m2。
5.如权利要求1中所述的口罩用滤材，其特征在于，所述的防护层为热风无纺布，克重10-30g/m2。
6.如权利要求1所述的口罩用滤材，其特征在于，所述的防护层为纱布，克重10-30g/m2。
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