CN111990295A - Method for breeding two batches of channel catfishes in one year - Google Patents
Method for breeding two batches of channel catfishes in one year Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN111990295A CN111990295A CN202010712178.4A CN202010712178A CN111990295A CN 111990295 A CN111990295 A CN 111990295A CN 202010712178 A CN202010712178 A CN 202010712178A CN 111990295 A CN111990295 A CN 111990295A
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- culture
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- culture pond
- feed
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Landscapes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
A method for breeding two batches of channel catfishes per year comprises the following steps: A. building a culture pond: designing the specification of the culture pond, and preparing equipment required to be used; B. sterilizing the culture pond: before the fry is thrown into the culture pond, disinfecting the culture pond and a water body; C. culturing a water body: carrying out water-fertilizer culture on the bait by using a water body culture agent A and a bait source culture agent B; the water body culture agent A is prepared by fermenting soybean meal, wheat bran, corn flour, fish meal, cane molasses and the like by using saccharomycetes, lactobacillus acidophilus and a complex enzyme preparation, wherein the complex enzyme preparation is one or a mixture of protease, cellulase, amylase and pectinase; the bait source culture agent B is formed by premixing algae seeds such as diatom and chlorella, biological enzymes and mineral substances, the mineral substances are one or more of mixtures such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron, and the water body can be purified by matching the water body culture agent A with the bait source culture agent B, so that intestinal absorption of the longsnout catfish is improved, and the culture period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture technology, in particular to a method for breeding two batches of channel catfishes one year.
Background
Ietalurus punctatus (Ietalurus punetaus) belongs to fishes of catfishes, belongs to the order Parasilurus, is native to America, has the characteristics of fast growth, wide temperature range, strong disease resistance and the like, is delicious in meat quality, high in nutritional value, can be listed all the year round, is popular with farmers, processing factories and domestic and foreign consumers, and has wide breeding prospect.
However, at present, a lot of farmers pay no attention to the culture environment of the channel catfish, which results in slow growth of the channel catfish, and at present, a channel catfish of 0.3 jin/tail needs to be 1.8-2.5 jin/tail and needs 8-9 months, because the farmers do not pay attention to the water environment and culture mode, which results in lengthening of the growth cycle of the channel catfish, a culture method capable of shortening the growth cycle of the channel catfish is in urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention is directed to provide.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding two batches of channel catfishes per year comprises the following steps:
A. building a culture pond: designing the specification of the culture pond, and preparing equipment required to be used;
B. sterilizing the culture pond: before the fry is thrown into the culture pond, disinfecting the culture pond and a water body;
C. culturing a water body: carrying out water-fertilizer culture on the bait by using a water body culture agent A and a bait source culture agent B; the water body culture agent A is prepared by fermenting soybean meal, wheat bran, corn flour, fish meal, cane molasses and the like by using saccharomycetes, lactobacillus acidophilus and a complex enzyme preparation, wherein the complex enzyme preparation is one or a mixture of protease, cellulase, amylase and pectinase; the bait source culture agent B is formed by premixing algae seeds such as diatom and chlorella, biological ferment and mineral substances, wherein the mineral substances are one or a mixture of more of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and the like.
Preferably, the construction of the culture pond in the step a comprises the following steps:
a1. selecting the scale of the culture pond: the size of the culture pond is 5-30 mu, and the depth of the pond water is 1.8-3 m;
a2. building a culture pond: the wall of the culture pond is covered with a plastic film or coated with cement and sand mud, the slope of the wall of the culture pond and the bottom of the culture pond is 30-60 degrees, at least one rectangular or square sewage accumulation port with the length of 20-50 cm and the width of 20-50 cm is built in the center of the bottom of the culture pond, and the sewage accumulation port is communicated with the outside of the culture pond through a PVC pipe;
a3. the culture pond equipment comprises: presetting a water inlet at a position 50cm away from the ground of an upper air inlet of the culture pond, wherein the diameter of the water inlet is 10-20 cm, the water inlet is used for daily water inlet of the culture pond, and if the scale of the culture pond is 5-15 mu of fishpond, arranging 1 conventional batch feeder at a position 2-5 m away from the water inlet; if the scale of the culture pond is 15-30 mu of fishpond, a central air-assisted feeder is prepared;
1 impeller type oxygen increasing machine with the power of 1.5-3 kw is arranged in each 3-5 mu of the culture fish pond, and 1-4 water climbing machines with the power of 1.5-3 kw are arranged near a feeding area or at four corners of the fish pond.
Preferably, the disinfection of the culture pond in the step B comprises the following steps:
b1. and (3) pond sunning: draining the pond water 15-30 days before the seedlings are put, splashing quicklime or bleaching powder into the pond, and continuously exposing the culture pond for 5-7 days;
b2. water body disinfection: and c, filling the culture water into the culture pond after the step b1, and exposing the newly filled culture water to the sun for 5-7 days.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps after the culturing of the water body in the step C:
d, preparation of feed: preparing a daily feed and a health-care feed;
e, cultivation management: sequentially comprises fry throwing, daily feeding, feeding amount control, daily health care and water quality management;
f, pre-sale management: feeding and fish body disinfection before sale;
wherein: the preparation of the feed in the step D comprises the following steps:
d1. preparing a daily feed: the daily feed comprises fry feed and breeding feed; the feed for the fry comprises the following components: 18.0-25.0 parts of strong flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 28.0-30.0 parts of soybean meal, 3.0-10.0 parts of fish meal, 3.0-8.0 parts of chicken meal, 3.0-8.0 parts of peanut cake, 3.0-10.0 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-4.0 parts of wall-broken beer yeast powder, 1.0-3.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03-0.07 part of mildew preventive and 0.03-0.07 part of antioxidant, wherein the gluten degree of the strong flour is more than or equal to 31.5;
the components of the bred feed are as follows: 3.0-10.0 parts of wheat, 10.0-20.0 parts of strong flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.0-8.0 parts of cottonseed meal, 20.0-40.0 parts of soybean meal, 2-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-13.0 parts of fish meal, 1.0-10.0 parts of chicken meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03 part of mildew inhibitor and 0.03 part of antioxidant, wherein the vitamin premix is F11V vitamin premix for carnivorous fish provided by Guangdong Touwei feed Limited, and the mineral premix is F29-29M mineral premix for fish.
d2. Preparing the health-care feed: the health-care feed comprises the following components: 10.0-25.0 parts of high gluten flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 20.0-40.0 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-13.0 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.03-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.05 part of bacillus, 0.03-0.05 part of chelated amino acid, 0.01-0.05 part of immune polysaccharide, 0.5-1.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03 part of antioxidant, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine preparation comprises rhubarb, radix bupleuri, oriental wormwood, phellodendron, scutellaria baicalensis and 10-25 g of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 15-30 g of radix bupleuri, 15-30 g of oriental wormwood and 25-15 g of scutellaria baicalensis.
Preferably, before the step of putting the fry in the cultivation management in the step E, the method further comprises the following steps:
e1. a preparation step before delivery, the preparation step before delivery comprising:
opening an aerator for oxygenation 3-5 hours before seedling release;
30 min-1 h before putting the seedlings, turning off the aerator, and detecting the water temperature of the culture pond;
spraying povidone iodine to the whole pool 30 min-1 h before seedling placement;
wherein the specification of the fry is 0.1-0.3 jin/tail, and the density of the fry is 3000-5000 tails/mu.
Preferably, the daily feeding step and the feeding amount controlling step in the step E of the cultivation management comprise the following steps:
e2. the daily feeding step and the feeding amount controlling step comprise: feeding the fry for 1-2 days, feeding for 5 times at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body, and weighing the fish body every seven days;
after the fish body grows to 0.6 jin/tail, the fry feed is changed into the bred feed and fed, the fish is fed for 2 times at 7:00 and 18:00 every day, the feeding amount is 1.5-2.5% of the body weight of the longsnout catfish, and the fish body is weighed every seven days.
Preferably, the contents of the daily health care steps in the step E of cultivation management are as follows:
e3. the daily health care comprises the following steps: health care of fish body and health care of intestines and stomach;
wherein the health care of the fish body comprises: feeding the health-care feed for 1 day every 14-15 days in the culture period, and feeding the health-care feed once at 7:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 1.5-2.0% of the body mass of the longsnout catfish, and the particle size of the health-care feed is 3mm or 5 mm;
e4. the health care of intestines and stomach includes: the water body culture agent A and the bred feed are uniformly stirred according to the proportion of 1: 1-1: 5 and then fed or directly thrown to a feeding area.
Preferably, the water quality management steps in the culture management in the step E are as follows:
the water body culture agent A is used for carrying out nutrient culture on a water body every 14 days, and whether the water quality of the water body meets the requirement or not is detected, wherein the water quality requirement is that the dissolved oxygen in the water body of the culture pond is more than 6mg/L, the pH value of the water body of the culture pond is controlled to be 7.8-8.5, the transparency of the water body of the culture pond is 20-40 cm, the salinity of the water body of the culture pond is less than 3, the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body of the culture pond is less than 0.5mg/L, the nitrite content is less than 0.15mg/L, and the hydrogen sulfide is less.
9. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: if the water quality does not meet the requirement, the pond bottom probiotic A, the bottom modifier B and the sodium percarbonate are used for repairing and improving the water quality; wherein the pond bottom probiotic A is formed by surprisingly premixing lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast and nitrobacteria, and the bottom modifier B is formed by potassium hydrogen persulfate and anion exchanger.
Preferably, the pre-sale feeding and fish body disinfection step comprises the following steps:
f1. the pre-sale feeding step comprises:
continuously feeding the health-care feed for 3 days 7 days before selling the fish;
stopping feeding the bred feed 1-3 days before selling the fish;
f2. the fish body disinfection step comprises the following steps: 1 day before selling the fish, povidone iodine or other nontoxic disinfectant is used for splashing the whole pool.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the water body culture agent A and the bait source culture agent B to improve the existing culture mode, the water body can be purified through the matching of the two culture modes, an environment suitable for the growth of the longsnout catfish is created for the longsnout catfish, in addition, the water body culture agent A can be provided for the longsnout catfish to eat, beneficial bacterium colonies, organic acids, small peptides and nucleotides can be provided for the intestinal tract of the longsnout catfish, the intestinal tract flora balance of the longsnout catfish can be improved, the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances are promoted, and the culture period of the longsnout catfish is.
Detailed Description
A method for breeding two batches of channel catfishes per year comprises the following steps:
A. building a culture pond: designing the specification of the culture pond, and preparing equipment required to be used;
B. sterilizing the culture pond: before the fry is thrown into the culture pond, disinfecting the culture pond and a water body;
C. culturing a water body: carrying out water-fertilizer culture on the bait by using a water body culture agent A and a bait source culture agent B; the water body culture agent A is prepared by fermenting soybean meal, wheat bran, corn flour, fish meal, cane molasses and the like by using saccharomycetes, lactobacillus acidophilus and a complex enzyme preparation, wherein the complex enzyme preparation is one or a mixture of protease, cellulase, amylase and pectinase; the bait source culture agent B is formed by premixing algae seeds such as diatom and chlorella, biological ferment and mineral substances, wherein the mineral substances are one or a mixture of more of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and the like.
Water body culture agent A: 1 to 5 percent of fish meal, 60 to 80 percent of soybean meal, 10 to 20 percent of corn flour, 10 to 20 percent of wheat bran, 3 to 10 percent of cane molasses, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of composite fermentation strain and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of composite enzyme preparation. The feed is prepared by fermenting at a proper temperature in an enzymolysis tank for 12-32 hours at a constant temperature, wherein the proper temperature is more than or equal to 30 ℃ and less than or equal to 50 ℃, and organic acid products such as small peptide, amino acid, lactic acid and the like are generated after the soybean meal and the fish meal are fermented by saccharomycetes, lactobacillus acidophilus and a complex enzyme preparation, so that nutrition can be provided for phytoplankton when the feed is acted on a water body, the growth of the phytoplankton is facilitated, the water body environment is purified, and an environment suitable for growth is provided for the longsnout catfish; when the probiotic bacteria acts on fish bodies, probiotic bacteria colonies, organic acids, small peptides, nucleotides and the like formed by fermentation can regulate the health of intestinal tracts of the fish bodies, increase the absorption rate of the intestinal tracts and shorten the culture time.
3-5 days before putting seedlings, carrying out pond culture water cultivation, adding 3-5 kg of brown sugar and 50-100 kg of water into 10kg of water culture agent A, carrying out sealed fermentation for 24-72 h, sprinkling water to the whole pond according to 2-3 kg/mu when strong acid fragrance exists in normal fermentation, and starting an aerator for 1 day. The water body culture agent A is sprayed to the culture pond, so that the content of nutrient substances in the culture pond can be increased, and preparation is made for later feeding of a bait source culture agent B. The application method of the bait source culture agent B comprises the steps of adding 50-100 kg of water into 1kg of the bait source culture agent B for dilution, and uniformly sprinkling the water according to the proportion of 1-3 kg per mu of the whole pond. The bait source culture agent B is beneficial algae, can be put into water body for culture after being propagated to a certain degree in advance, and performs the functions of fertilizer water culture bait by using the water body culture agent A and the bait source culture agent B: the efficient algae-laden water promotes the rapid growth of beneficial phytoplankton, animals and biological floc in the water body, and reduces the content of toxic and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the water body; directionally cultivating beneficial algae which are easy to digest in the water body such as: chlorella, diatom and the like inhibit the growth of harmful algae such as blue algae and the like, so that the water body of the culture pond keeps 'fat, alive, tender and cool', dissolved oxygen in the water body is improved, and meanwhile, the growth of bighead carp, silver carp or trash fish fries in intercropping can be promoted. The method provides natural biological bait for the longsnout catfish fry, promotes the growth of the longsnout catfish, shortens the fry breeding period, is favorable for improving the survival rate of the longsnout catfish fry, enables the fry of 0.1-0.3 jin/tail to grow into 1.5-2.5 jin/tail in half a year, and can harvest two-wave furcate-tail longsnout catfish in one year.
Preferably, the construction of the culture pond in the step a comprises the following steps:
a1. selecting the scale of the culture pond: the size of the culture pond is 5-30 mu, and the depth of the pond water is 1.8-3 m;
a2. building a culture pond: the wall of the culture pond is covered with a plastic film or coated with cement and sand mud, the slope of the wall of the culture pond and the bottom of the culture pond is 30-60 degrees, at least one rectangular or square sewage accumulation port with the length of 20-50 cm and the width of 20-50 cm is built in the center of the bottom of the culture pond, and the sewage accumulation port is communicated with the outside of the culture pond through a PVC pipe;
a3. the culture pond equipment comprises: presetting a water inlet at a position 50cm away from the ground of an upper air inlet of the culture pond, wherein the diameter of the water inlet is 10-20 cm, the water inlet is used for daily water inlet of the culture pond, and if the scale of the culture pond is 5-15 mu of fishpond, arranging 1 conventional batch feeder at a position 2-5 m away from the water inlet; if the scale of the culture pond is 15-30 mu of fishpond, a central air-assisted feeder is prepared;
1 impeller type oxygen increasing machine with the power of 1.5-3 kw is arranged in each 3-5 mu of the culture fish pond, and 1-4 water climbing machines with the power of 1.5-3 kw are arranged near a feeding area or at four corners of the fish pond.
The slope of the pond wall of the culture pond and the pond bottom is 30-60 degrees, so that fish manure can fall at the pond bottom when depositing, the sludge accumulation port is formed at the pond bottom and is communicated with the outside through a PVC pipe, and sludge or manure in the pond can be effectively discharged by opening the PVC pipe, so that the cleanliness of the culture pond is kept. And the oxygen increasing machine and the water climbing machine can increase oxygen for the culture pond. The oxygen supply of the channel catfish is ensured.
Preferably, the disinfection of the culture pond in the step B comprises the following steps:
b1. and (3) pond sunning: draining the pond water 15-30 days before the seedlings are put, splashing quicklime or bleaching powder into the pond, and continuously exposing the culture pond for 5-7 days;
b2. water body disinfection: and c, filling the culture water into the culture pond after the step b1, and exposing the newly filled culture water to the sun for 5-7 days.
B1, the cultivation pond is exposed for 5-7 days to sterilize the pond and reduce harmful microorganisms, organic matters and harmful compounds in the bottom mud of the cultivation pond; the first fry pond treating process includes pond drying, pond sunning and lime or bleaching powder disinfection, and pond disinfection and water culture. And c, exposing the culture water in the step b2 to remove chloride ions and the like in the pond water, so as to reduce the culture risk.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps after the culturing of the water body in the step C:
d, preparation of feed: preparing a daily feed and a health-care feed;
e, cultivation management: sequentially comprises fry throwing, daily feeding, feeding amount control, daily health care and water quality management;
f, pre-sale management: feeding and fish body disinfection before sale;
wherein: the preparation of the feed in the step D comprises the following steps:
d1. preparing a daily feed: the daily feed comprises fry feed and breeding feed; the feed for the fry comprises the following components: 18.0-25.0 parts of strong flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 28.0-30.0 parts of soybean meal, 3.0-10.0 parts of fish meal, 3.0-8.0 parts of chicken meal, 3.0-8.0 parts of peanut cake, 3.0-10.0 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-4.0 parts of wall-broken beer yeast powder, 1.0-3.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03-0.07 part of mildew preventive and 0.03-0.07 part of antioxidant, wherein the gluten degree of the strong flour is more than or equal to 31.5;
the components of the bred feed are as follows: 3.0-10.0 parts of wheat, 10.0-20.0 parts of strong flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.0-8.0 parts of cottonseed meal, 20.0-40.0 parts of soybean meal, 2-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-13.0 parts of fish meal, 1.0-10.0 parts of chicken meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03 part of mildew inhibitor and 0.03 part of antioxidant, wherein the vitamin premix is F11V vitamin premix for carnivorous fish provided by Guangdong Touwei feed Limited, and the mineral premix is F29-29M mineral premix for fish.
d2. Preparing the health-care feed: the health-care feed comprises the following components: 10.0-25.0 parts of high gluten flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 20.0-40.0 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-13.0 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.03-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.05 part of bacillus, 0.03-0.05 part of chelated amino acid, 0.01-0.05 part of immune polysaccharide, 0.5-1.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03 part of antioxidant, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine preparation comprises rhubarb, radix bupleuri, oriental wormwood, phellodendron, scutellaria baicalensis and 10-25 g of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 15-30 g of radix bupleuri, 15-30 g of oriental wormwood and 25-15 g of scutellaria baicalensis.
The fish fry stage of the longsnout catfish is carnivorous, and the breeding stage is omnivorous fish; meanwhile, tissues and organs such as gastrointestinal tract, liver and the like of the longsnout catfish in the fry stage have limited development. Therefore, the protein intake of the longsnout catfish is reduced in the fry stage, the protein content is reduced in fry feed, the tissue organs of the longsnout catfish such as gastrointestinal tract and liver are completely developed in the breeding stage, the content of soybean meal, chicken meal and fish head meal in the breeding feed is increased, the protein intake is improved, and the muscle synthesis is increased.
The health-care feed contains chelated amino acid, immune polysaccharide and Chinese herbal medicine preparations, and the materials improve the intestinal health of the longsnout catfish and improve the immunity of the longsnout catfish.
Preferably, before the step of putting the fry in the cultivation management in the step E, the method further comprises the following steps:
e1. a preparation step before delivery, the preparation step before delivery comprising:
opening an aerator for oxygenation 3-5 hours before seedling release;
30 min-1 h before putting the seedlings, turning off the aerator, and detecting the water temperature of the culture pond;
spraying povidone iodine to the whole pool 30 min-1 h before seedling placement;
wherein the specification of the channel catfish fry is 0.1-0.3 jin/tail, and the density of the fry is 3000-5000 tails/mu.
3 ~ 5h before putting the fry, open the oxygen-increasing machine and carry out the oxygenation, can improve the dissolved oxygen in the water, avoided the fry to appear the phenomenon of oxygen deficiency after getting into the breed pond, lead to the fry dead. 30min ~ 1h before putting the fry, close the oxygen-increasing machine, because when the oxygenation, the temperature in breed pond is difficult to measure, need measure the temperature in breed pond before the fry gets into the pond, whether the temperature difference of the temperature of contrast breed and the temperature of preserving the fry is too big, wherein when the temperature difference exceeds 3 ℃, look sideways at for the temperature difference too big, if the temperature difference is too big, then need adjust the temperature to breed pond, the temperature difference between the temperature of control breed and the temperature of preserving the fry is below 3 ℃, can avoid the shoal to insert too big stress reaction because of the tail after getting into the pond like this.
30 min-1 h before fry placing, the culture pond can be disinfected by sprinkling povidone iodine in the whole pond, and the sprinkling povidone iodine has small irritation and can not cause stress reaction of the fries.
Preferably, the daily feeding step and the feeding amount controlling step in the step E of the cultivation management comprise the following steps:
e2. the daily feeding step and the feeding amount controlling step comprise: feeding the fry for 1-2 days, feeding for 5 times at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body, and weighing the fish body every seven days;
after the fish body grows to 0.6 jin/tail, the fry feed is changed into the bred feed and fed, the fish is fed for 2 times at 7:00 and 18:00 every day, the feeding amount is 1.5-2.5% of the body weight of the longsnout catfish, and the fish body is weighed every seven days.
In the fry stage, the histiocyte of the longsnout catfish is not completely developed, and the feed digestion and utilization capacity is limited, so that a small amount of feed is fed for many times in the fry stage, and 5 time points are recommended for feeding. After the longsnout catfish grows to 0.6 jin/tail, the development of tissue structures of intestinal tracts, livers and the like of the longsnout catfish is finished, the digestion and utilization capacity is enhanced, and meanwhile, the feeding amount is reduced, and more times of feeding are not needed, so that only two time points are needed to be selected for feeding.
Feeding standards in the aquaculture industry generally include feeding after being saturated and feeding according to the weight proportion, the longsnout catfish is gastrointestinal vulnerability, and the feeding after being saturated easily causes the symptoms of enteritis, intestinal sleeving diseases and the like of the longsnout catfish; and the longsnout catfish is fed according to the weight proportion by combining the current longsnout catfish breeding experience. In addition, due to the physiological characteristics of the longsnout catfish, if the feeding amount is increased after the growing period, the disease problem such as enteritis can occur, so the feeding amount of the longsnout catfish is reduced by a proper amount after the growing period.
Preferably, the contents of the daily health care steps in the step E of cultivation management are as follows:
e3. the daily health care comprises the following steps: health care of fish body and health care of intestines and stomach;
wherein the health care of the fish body comprises: feeding the health-care feed for 1 day every 14-15 days in the culture period, and feeding the health-care feed once at 7:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 1.5-2.0% of the body mass of the longsnout catfish, and the particle size of the health-care feed is 3mm or 5 mm;
e4. the health care of intestines and stomach includes: the water body culture agent A and the bred feed are uniformly stirred according to the proportion of 1: 1-1: 5 and then fed or directly thrown to a feeding area.
After the health feed is fed in the culture period, the health feed does not need to be fed into feed or fry feed, the health feed improves the liver and intestine circulation function of the longsnout catfish, promotes the self-repair of liver cells and the growth of beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts, improves the secretion capacity and activity of digestive enzymes in the liver and the intestinal tracts, improves the functions of the liver and the intestinal tracts, and protects the liver and gallbladder of the longsnout catfish. Beneficial to the healthy growth of the longsnout catfish, reduces the feed coefficient and shortens the culture period.
The water body culture agent A is mixed with the bred feed for feeding, and the water body culture agent A is rich in beneficial bacterium colonies, organic acids, small peptides, nucleotides and the like, so that the intestinal flora balance of the longsnout catfish can be improved, the intestinal mucosa repair capacity and immunity can be improved, the intestinal health can be improved, the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances can be promoted, the feed coefficient can be reduced, and the culture period can be shortened.
Preferably, the water quality management steps in the culture management in the step E are as follows:
the water body culture agent A is used for carrying out nutrient culture on a water body every 14 days, and whether the water quality of the water body meets the requirement or not is detected, wherein the water quality requirement is that the dissolved oxygen in the water body of the culture pond is more than 6mg/L, the pH value of the water body of the culture pond is controlled to be 7.8-8.5, the transparency of the water body of the culture pond is 20-40 cm, the salinity of the water body of the culture pond is less than 3, the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body of the culture pond is less than 0.5mg/L, the nitrite content is less than 0.15mg/L, and the hydrogen sulfide is less.
The application method of the water body culture agent A is as above, and the water body culture agent A is added with brown sugar and mixed with water to be sprayed to the culture pond comprehensively. The water body culture agent A can ensure the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the water body, such as chlorella, diatom and the like, and provide nutrient substances for the growth of algae
The first function of algae such as chlorella and diatom is: the algae is a producer, can provide certain oxygen for the culture pond and purify the environment of the culture pond; the second action is as follows: the algae can also be used as feed ration for bighead carp intercropped in a culture pond; the third action is that: can inhibit the growth of harmful algae such as blue algae.
Preferably, if the water quality does not meet the requirement, the pond bottom probiotic A, the bottom modifier B and the sodium percarbonate are used for repairing and improving the water quality; wherein the pond bottom probiotic A is formed by surprisingly premixing lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast and nitrobacteria, and the bottom modifier B is formed by potassium hydrogen persulfate and anion exchanger.
The using method of the pond bottom material probiotic A comprises the following steps: the pond bottom probiotic A full-pond uniform throwing method is characterized in that 2kg of the pond bottom probiotic A is used per 10 mu, 250-300 g of the bottom modifier B is used per 3-5 mu in the use method of the bottom modifier B, the bottom modifier B is uniformly thrown in the full-pond, harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite at the bottom of the pond can be removed, the oxidation potential of the bottom modifier and the permeability of bottom sludge are improved, the transparency of a water body of a culture pond can be kept to be 20-40 cm, and the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body of the culture pond can be smaller than 0.5mg/L, the nitrite content can be smaller than 0.15mg/L, and hydrogen sulfide can be smaller than 0.1 mg/L. The pond bottom probiotic A can promote the oxidative decomposition of organic matters at the bottom of the pond, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, prevent the adverse culture symptoms of the leiocassis longirostris, anorexia, poisoning and the like, and ensure the healthy growth of the leiocassis longirostris in the culture period.
Preferably, the pre-sale feeding and fish body disinfection step comprises the following steps:
f1. the pre-sale feeding step comprises:
continuously feeding the health-care feed for 3 days 7 days before selling the fish;
stopping feeding the bred feed 1-3 days before selling the fish;
f2. the fish body disinfection step comprises the following steps: 1 day before selling the fish, povidone iodine or other nontoxic disinfectant is used for splashing the whole pool.
The health feed is fed 7 days before the sale of the longsnout catfish, so that the liver health of the longsnout catfish can be improved, and the anti-stress capability of the longsnout catfish can be improved. The feeding is stopped 1-3 days before the fish is sold, so that the feed is bred, the metabolism and endocrine system of the longsnout catfish is adjusted, and the transport tolerance of the longsnout catfish is improved. Povidone iodine is used for disinfection 1 day before fish sale, so that harmful microorganisms in the culture pond are killed, and the situation that channel catfish is injured and infected by microorganisms when being pulled to a net, and a large amount of death and infection occur in the transportation process is avoided.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the principles of the invention and should not be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort, which would fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for breeding two batches of channel catfishes per year is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
A. building a culture pond: designing the specification of the culture pond, and preparing equipment required to be used;
B. sterilizing the culture pond: before the fry is thrown into the culture pond, disinfecting the culture pond and a water body;
C. culturing a water body: carrying out water-fertilizer culture on the bait by using a water body culture agent A and a bait source culture agent B; the water body culture agent A is prepared by fermenting soybean meal, wheat bran, corn flour, fish meal, cane molasses and the like by using saccharomycetes, lactobacillus acidophilus and a complex enzyme preparation, wherein the complex enzyme preparation is one or a mixture of protease, cellulase, amylase and pectinase; the bait source culture agent B is formed by premixing algae seeds such as diatom and chlorella, biological ferment and mineral substances, wherein the mineral substances are one or a mixture of more of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and the like.
2. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the construction of the culture pond in the step A comprises the following contents:
a1. selecting the scale of the culture pond: the size of the culture pond is 5-30 mu, and the depth of the pond water is 1.8-3 m;
a2. building a culture pond: the wall of the culture pond is covered with a plastic film or coated with cement and sand mud, the slope of the wall of the culture pond and the bottom of the culture pond is 30-60 degrees, at least one rectangular or square sewage accumulation port with the length of 20-50 cm and the width of 20-50 cm is built in the center of the bottom of the culture pond, and the sewage accumulation port is communicated with the outside of the culture pond through a PVC pipe;
a3. the culture pond equipment comprises: presetting a water inlet at a position 50cm away from the ground of an upper air inlet of the culture pond, wherein the diameter of the water inlet is 10-20 cm, the water inlet is used for daily water inlet of the culture pond, and if the scale of the culture pond is 5-15 mu of fishpond, arranging 1 conventional batch feeder at a position 2-5 m away from the water inlet; if the scale of the culture pond is 15-30 mu of fishpond, a central air-assisted feeder is prepared;
1 impeller type oxygen increasing machine with the power of 1.5-3 kw is arranged in each 3-5 mu of the culture fish pond, and 1-4 water climbing machines with the power of 1.5-3 kw are arranged near a feeding area or at four corners of the fish pond.
3. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the disinfection of the culture pond in the step B comprises the following contents:
b1. and (3) pond sunning: draining the pond water 15-30 days before the seedlings are put, splashing quicklime or bleaching powder into the pond, and continuously exposing the culture pond for 5-7 days;
b2. water body disinfection: and c, filling the culture water into the culture pond after the step b1, and exposing the newly filled culture water to the sun for 5-7 days.
4. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and C, further comprising the following steps after the culture of the water body in the step C:
d, preparation of feed: preparing a daily feed and a health-care feed;
e, cultivation management: sequentially comprises fry throwing, daily feeding, feeding amount control, daily health care and water quality management;
f, pre-sale management: feeding and fish body disinfection before sale;
wherein: the preparation of the feed in the step D comprises the following steps:
d1. preparing a daily feed: the daily feed comprises fry feed and breeding feed; the feed for the fry comprises the following components: 18.0-25.0 parts of strong flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 28.0-30.0 parts of soybean meal, 3.0-10.0 parts of fish meal, 3.0-8.0 parts of chicken meal, 3.0-8.0 parts of peanut cake, 3.0-10.0 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-4.0 parts of wall-broken beer yeast powder, 1.0-3.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03-0.07 part of mildew preventive and 0.03-0.07 part of antioxidant, wherein the gluten degree of the strong flour is more than or equal to 31.5;
the components of the bred feed are as follows: 3.0-10.0 parts of wheat, 10.0-20.0 parts of high gluten flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.0-8.0 parts of cottonseed meal, 20.0-40.0 parts of soybean meal, 2-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-13.0 parts of fish meal, 1.0-10.0 parts of chicken meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03 part of mildew inhibitor and 0.03 part of antioxidant, wherein the vitamin premix is F11V vitamin premix for carnivorous fish provided by Guangdong Toowei feed Limited company, and the mineral premix is F29-29M mineral premix for fish;
d2. preparing the health-care feed: the health-care feed comprises the following components: 10.0-25.0 parts of high gluten flour, 3.0-10.0 parts of rapeseed meal, 20.0-40.0 parts of soybean meal, 5-10 parts of peanut meal, 3.0-13.0 parts of fish meal, 5-15 parts of rice bran, 3.0-5.0 parts of soybean oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae extract, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.05-0.1 part of choline chloride, 0.03-0.05 part of bile acid, 0.01-0.05 part of bacillus, 0.03-0.05 part of chelated amino acid, 0.01-0.05 part of immune polysaccharide, 0.5-1.5 parts of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 1-5 parts of mineral premix, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin premix, 0.03 part of antioxidant, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine preparation comprises rhubarb, radix bupleuri, oriental wormwood, phellodendron, scutellaria baicalensis and 10-25 g of Chinese herbal medicine preparation, 15-30 g of radix bupleuri, 15-30 g of oriental wormwood and 25-15 g of scutellaria baicalensis.
5. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step E, before the step of putting the fry in the cultivation management, the method also comprises the following steps:
e1. a preparation step before delivery, the preparation step before delivery comprising:
opening an aerator for oxygenation 3-5 hours before seedling release;
30 min-1 h before putting the seedlings, turning off the aerator, and detecting the water temperature of the culture pond;
spraying povidone iodine to the whole pool 30 min-1 h before seedling placement;
wherein the specification of the fry is 0.1-0.3 jin/tail, and the density of the fry is 3000-5000 tails/mu.
6. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step E, the daily feeding step and the feeding amount controlling step in the culture management comprise the following steps:
e2. the daily feeding step and the feeding amount controlling step comprise: feeding the fry for 1-2 days, feeding for 5 times at 6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 2-4% of the weight of the fish body, and weighing the fish body every seven days;
after the fish body grows to 0.6 jin/tail, the fry feed is changed into the bred feed and fed, the fish is fed for 2 times at 7:00 and 18:00 every day, the feeding amount is 1.5-2.5% of the body weight of the longsnout catfish, and the fish body is weighed every seven days.
7. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the contents of the daily health care steps in the culture management of the step E are as follows:
e3. the daily health care comprises the following steps: health care of fish body and health care of intestines and stomach;
wherein the health care of the fish body comprises: feeding the health-care feed for 1 day every 14-15 days in the culture period, and feeding the health-care feed once at 7:00 and 18:00 every day, wherein the feeding amount is 1.5-2.0% of the body mass of the longsnout catfish, and the particle size of the health-care feed is 3mm or 5 mm;
e4. the health care of intestines and stomach includes: the water body culture agent A and the bred feed are uniformly stirred according to the proportion of 1: 1-1: 5 and then fed or directly thrown to a feeding area.
8. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the water quality management steps in the culture management of the step E are as follows:
the water body culture agent A is used for carrying out nutrient culture on a water body every 14 days, and whether the water quality of the water body meets the requirement or not is detected, wherein the water quality requirement is that the dissolved oxygen in the water body of the culture pond is more than 6mg/L, the pH value of the water body of the culture pond is controlled to be 7.8-8.5, the transparency of the water body of the culture pond is 20-40 cm, the salinity of the water body of the culture pond is less than 3, the ammonia nitrogen content in the water body of the culture pond is less than 0.5mg/L, the nitrite content is less than 0.15mg/L, and the hydrogen sulfide is less.
9. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: if the water quality does not meet the requirement, the pond bottom probiotic A, the bottom modifier B and the sodium percarbonate are used for repairing and improving the water quality; wherein the pond bottom probiotic A is formed by surprisingly premixing lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, yeast and nitrobacteria, and the bottom modifier B is formed by potassium hydrogen persulfate and anion exchanger.
10. The method for culturing two batches of channel catfishes per year according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the steps of pre-sale feeding and fish body disinfection comprise the following steps:
f1. the pre-sale feeding step comprises:
continuously feeding the health-care feed for 3 days 7 days before selling the fish;
stopping feeding the bred feed 1-3 days before selling the fish;
f2. the fish body disinfection step comprises the following steps: 1 day before selling the fish, povidone iodine or other nontoxic disinfectant is used for splashing the whole pool.
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