CN111986310A - Design method of mandible porous implant considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth and porous implant - Google Patents
Design method of mandible porous implant considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth and porous implant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method of designing a porous implant for a mandible considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth, the method comprising the steps of: 1) acquiring CT image data of a patient and establishing a mandible three-dimensional model: 2) designing a mandible porous implant; the porous implant comprises a layered porous mandibular implant body structure and a porous implant surface structure capable of taking up and transferring loads based on a topologically optimized design, and two permanent connection structures. The invention designs a novel porous repair structure, and optimally designs the surface structure and the fixed structure of the implant by using a topology optimization technology, so that the implant can bear and transmit load on the outer layer, disperse and transmit stress through a connecting rod structure in the implant and stimulate the growth and healing of bone tissues on the premise of stable and fixed connection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mandible defect repair, in particular to a design method of a mandible porous implant considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth and a porous implant.
Background
The mandible as the facial 1/3 bony framework maintains the jaw face irregular curved surface shape and assists to realize the physiological functions of chewing, swallowing, voice and the like. The mandible is easy to cause segmental defect due to various reasons such as tumor, trauma, inflammatory diseases and the like, different anatomical areas with defect cause different biomechanical characteristics, corresponding functional disorder is caused, and meanwhile, the requirements for repair and reconstruction are different. Mandibular defects, particularly large mandibular defects, can present significant psychological and physiological barriers to the patient, severely impacting the quality of life of the patient, and reconstructing the physiological function and anatomic shape of the defective mandible has been a challenging issue in the field for the last century.
The mandibular implant is an implant which can help a patient to reconstruct the appearance and restore the occlusion function after the mandibular defect. The mandible is functionally reconstructed by applying a modern medical science means, and the restoration body and the residual bone tissues have good biomechanical compatibility while the accurate restoration of the appearance is considered, so that the problems of stability of the occlusion relation, functional restoration and the like are finally achieved. At present, the mandible reconstruction in clinic mainly adopts autologous bone transplantation, the mandible is usually repaired by the autologous bone transplantation by adopting free iliac bones and ribs or fibula with vascular pedicles, skin flap bones have the advantages of stable blood supply, thick and easy matching of blood vessels, rich blood circulation, quick healing and the like, and the vascularized skin flap bones become the most common method for the mandible defect reconstruction. However, the source of autologous bones is very limited, secondary trauma to the bone-taking part is inevitably caused when the materials are taken, the pain of a patient is increased, the treatment time is prolonged, and even complications occur; and the transplanted bone is not easy to shape, is difficult to be used for repairing large-area bone defects, and has an unsatisfactory effect of recovering the occlusion function in the later artificial tooth repair.
Due to the defects of the autologous bone transplantation repair technology, in recent years, with the rapid development of biomaterials and the improvement of the demand of modern medicine, researches on bone replacement biomaterials, namely artificial implants, for repairing the mandibular defects are receiving more and more attention from scholars. Titanium and titanium alloy have good biocompatibility, light weight, high strength ratio, low toxicity and high corrosion resistance, are one of a few materials meeting the requirements of human implantation, and are widely applied to mandibular defect repair.
However, the titanium alloy implant used clinically still has many problems at present, and the biggest problem is that the elastic modulus difference between the titanium alloy and the bone tissue is too large, so that the stress shielding phenomenon is easy to occur, and the repair success rate is influenced. Thus, to avoid stress shielding at the bone-implant interface, when using these materials, the equivalent young's modulus and yield stress must be adjusted, an effective approach is to introduce an adjustable porosity or relative density according to the isotropic materials proposed by Gibson and Ashby. The porous structure material can promote the differentiation and proliferation of osteocytes due to the internal three-dimensional gap structure, and the titanium alloy porous implant body has a good treatment effect clinically. Furthermore, with the development of additive manufacturing techniques, complex geometries can be fabricated from titanium alloys to match the anatomy of the repair site, and porous titanium scaffolds can be constructed that have mechanical properties similar to trabecular bone. However, the titanium alloy porous structure mainly adopts a uniform porous structure constructed by different unit cell units, which not only has a great difference with the actual non-uniform pore structure in the bone tissue, but also has poor mechanical properties.
On the other hand, the current titanium alloy implant is easy to cause complications such as soft tissue perforation and titanium plate exposure in clinical use, and finally causes the failure of implant repair. The exposure of the implant is mainly caused by two reasons: firstly, because the implant does not consider the adhesion growth of soft tissues such as muscles and the like during the design, after the incision is sutured, the tension of the soft tissues covering the implant is overlarge, the soft tissues are tensed and thinned, the soft tissues around the implant contract and deform towards the incision, and the soft tissues cause insufficient blood supply under the large tension; the other is that when the large-area block-shaped implant body is subjected to chewing force stress deformation after restoration, the phenomenon of frequently extruding soft tissues can be inevitably caused, so that the pressure in the soft tissues at the implant body is increased, blood circulation is obstructed, the soft tissues are subjected to necrosis infection, and finally the implant body is exposed.
With the rapid development of modern advanced technology, the digital design and manufacturing technology applied to bone defect repair and personalized titanium stent implantation is more and more mature, and a better clinical application effect is obtained. The method has the advantages that the digital design, simulation and optimization of the operation scheme can be carried out before the operation, the fixed positions of the reconstruction titanium plate and the screw are determined, and the biomechanical property of the implant is optimized. In recent years, topology optimization technology has been increasingly applied to the design of orthopedic implants, and biomechanical analysis is combined to optimize the structures of orthopedic and craniomaxillofacial implants so as to improve the success rate of repair. The application of the computer-assisted technology can obviously improve the biomechanical property of the implant, improve the accuracy of the operation and reduce the adverse reaction after the operation, has wide application prospect and becomes one of indispensable tools in mandible reconstruction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the existing mandible prosthesis is not matched with a bone tissue structure, the mechanical property is not good, the fixing mode is unstable, the soft tissue attachment growth is difficult and the like in clinical treatment, so that the mandible defect repair failure is caused.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method of designing a porous implant for a mandible considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth, comprising the steps of:
1) acquiring CT image data of a patient and establishing a mandible three-dimensional model:
CT image data acquisition of a patient, namely acquiring data of the mandible of the patient by using CT scanning equipment and storing the CT data of the mandible in storage equipment;
establishing a three-dimensional model of the mandible: processing data of the CT data of the mandible by using medical image processing software, reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the mandible, and determining the pathological change position and the range of the mandible of the patient according to the three-dimensional model of the mandible;
③ simulating and excising the diseased part of the mandible: simulating and cutting off a diseased part by using a design tool in medical image processing software according to the diseased region of the mandible to obtain a mandible defect model;
fourthly, establishing a lesion defect part repairing model: repairing the lesion defect part by adopting a mirror image technology or a curved surface reconstruction technology according to different defect sizes and positions of the mandible defect model to obtain a complete mandible repairing model, and generating a mandible finite element mesh model based on the complete mandible repairing model;
2) mandible porous implant design
2.1) biomechanically based individualized layered porous implant body structure design of a mandible porous implant body;
analyzing biomechanics of the mandible defect repair part: constructing a finite element analysis model based on the mandible repairing model, carrying out finite element simulation analysis to obtain the biomechanical characteristics of the mandible and further obtain the biomechanical characteristics of the defect repairing part;
secondly, the individualized layered porous implant body main body structure design of the mandible porous implant body: according to the biomechanical characteristics of the mandible defect repair part and the characteristics of the mandible biostructure, carrying out unequal-distance layered design treatment on a mandible repair model to obtain a plurality of layers of sheet structures, designing hole structures with different sizes on different sheet structures, staggering the hole structures of each layer, and connecting the sheet structures through connecting rods to form a layered porous implant main body structure;
2.2) topological optimization design of surface structure of porous implant considering soft tissue growth
Firstly, designing an initial structure of a surface structure of a porous implant: extracting the surface of a defect repair part on a mandible repair model by using medical image processing software, designing and generating a 2mm thin plate structure, smoothly trimming the edge part of the thin plate structure, and performing mesh division by using finite element mesh processing software to obtain a finite element entity mesh model of an initial structure;
secondly, the initial structure topology optimization of the surface structure of the porous implant: introducing a finite element mesh model of a mandible of a patient and a finite element entity mesh model of an initial structure of a surface structure of the porous implant into finite element simulation software, setting an optimization condition to be strain energy minimization and an optimization target to be less than 70% of volume, and performing optimization analysis by using a topology optimization module in the finite element simulation software to obtain an optimized shape of the surface structure of the porous implant;
thirdly, designing the surface structure of the porous implant: exporting the surface structure of the porous implant with the optimized shape to grid processing software for finishing to obtain an optimized model of the surface structure, and reasonably configuring and designing the material distribution and the trend of the surface of the implant according to the density distribution characteristics in the optimized model and the mechanical distribution characteristics of the mandibular implant in bearing load according to the mechanical transmission principle; meanwhile, considering the attachment growth of soft tissues, a grid structure is arranged on the surface of the implant;
2.3) carrying out Boolean combination on the surface structure of the porous implant and the main body structure of the personalized layered porous implant to obtain a complete layered porous mandibular implant;
2.4) fixed connection topology optimization design of porous implant
Firstly, initial design of a fixed connection structure: extracting the mandible surface at the fixed position of the implant by using medical image processing software, designing and generating a 2mm thin plate structure, performing smooth transition processing on the edge part of the thin plate structure, and performing mesh division by using finite element mesh processing software to obtain a finite element entity mesh model of the fixed connection structure;
topology optimization of the fixed connection structure: introducing a mandible finite element grid model of a patient, a finite element solid grid model of an initial structure of a porous implant surface structure and a finite element solid grid model of a fixed connection structure into finite element simulation software, setting an optimization condition to be strain energy minimization and an optimization target to be less than 70% of volume, and performing optimization analysis by using a topological optimization module in the finite element simulation software to obtain an optimized shape of the fixed connection structure;
optimization of a fixed connection structure and determination of screws: exporting the obtained optimized shape structure of the fixed connection structure to grid processing software for finishing to obtain an optimized model of the fixed connection structure, and designing and determining the fixed positions and the number of screws with the optimal biomechanics characteristics on the optimized model of the fixed connection structure according to the physiological anatomy characteristics of the mandible;
fourthly, performing Boolean combination on the fixed connection structure and the layered porous mandibular implant, and performing smooth transition treatment on the Boolean structure to obtain a mandibular porous implant model;
3) 3D printing is carried out on the mandible porous implant model;
4) and carrying out post-treatment processes of polishing, sand blasting and hydroxyapatite coating on the printed mandible porous implant model to obtain the mandible porous implant applicable to clinical restoration.
A porous implant constructed based on a method for designing a porous implant for the mandible taking into account soft tissue attachment and bone growth, the porous implant comprising a layered porous mandibular implant body structure and two fixation connection structures, the layered porous mandibular implant body comprising a layered porous implant body structure and a porous implant surface structure capable of taking up and transferring loads based on a topological optimization design, the porous implant surface structure being provided with a lattice structure consisting of pores, the layered porous implant body structure being Boolean combined with the porous implant surface structure;
the layered porous implant body main body structure is composed of a plurality of layers of sheet structures, hexagonal hole structures with different sizes are arranged on different sheet structures, the hole structures of each layer are staggered with each other and are changed from density to density from outside to inside, and the plurality of layers of sheet structures are connected through connecting rods;
the two fixed connection structures are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the layered porous mandibular implant and are structurally connected with the surface of the porous implant; the fixed connection structure is a fixed plate based on topological optimization design.
Further, the fixed plate is lug shape, all is equipped with the screw hole on the fixed plate of both sides, wherein has four screw holes on the fixed plate of left, has two screw holes on the fixed plate on right side, through titanium nail and the jaw cheek side fixed connection of waiting to restore.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the mandible porous implant which is similar to the bone tissue structure and mechanical property is designed, so that the stress shielding phenomenon is avoided; the surface structure suitable for the porous implant is designed by using topological optimization, so that the load can be born and transferred well, the stress concentration at a local position is avoided, the load can be transferred into the main body structure of the layered porous implant well, the growth and healing of bone tissues are stimulated, a good target point can be provided for the attachment growth of soft tissues, the extrusion to the soft tissues is small, and complications such as soft tissue perforation and the like are avoided; and the fixed connection structure of the layered porous mandibular implant is designed by using the topological optimization method again, the optimal fixing scheme for fixing six screws is determined, stress comparison is carried out by using a finite element method, and the optimized fixing scheme is reduced by 57.27 percent compared with the four screw fixing scheme, thereby being beneficial to promoting the initial stability in the repair process and improving the cure success rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional model of a mandible and a lesion area according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mandible lesion area simulated resection according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a mandible defect model according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a mandible restoration model according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the main structure of the layered porous implant.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the porous implant surface structure after trimming the edges.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the surface structure of the topologically optimized porous implant.
Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of a porous implant surface structure designed according to topology optimization and incorporating soft tissue growth.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a layered porous mandibular implant configuration.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view of the fixed connection structure after trimming the edge.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a fixed connection structure after topology optimization.
Fig. 12 is a schematic view of a porous implant structure.
Fig. 13 is a rear view of fig. 12.
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the connection of the porous implant to the mandible.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 14, a method for designing a porous implant for a mandible considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth, comprising the steps of:
1) acquiring CT image data of a patient and establishing a mandible three-dimensional model:
CT image data acquisition of a patient, namely acquiring data of the mandible of the patient by using CT scanning equipment, such as conventional spiral CT or oral CBCT, and storing the scanned mandible CT data into special storage equipment in a DICOM format;
establishing a three-dimensional model of the mandible: introducing the mandible CT data in DICOM format into medical image processing software for data processing, such as Mimics software, performing three-dimensional solid model reconstruction on the mandible of a patient in the software, and performing grid smoothing on a local area, thereby obtaining a mandible three-dimensional model in STL format, and determining the diseased position and range of the mandible of the patient according to the mandible three-dimensional model, as shown in figure 1;
③ simulating and excising the diseased part of the mandible: according to the diseased region of the mandible, according to the diagnosis and suggestion of a clinician, a bone cutting and cutting scheme is designed by utilizing the Mimics software or magics software of medical image processing software, as shown in fig. 2, and a design tool in the medical image processing software is utilized to simulate and cut the diseased part, so that a mandible defect model is obtained, as shown in fig. 3;
fourthly, establishing a lesion defect part repairing model: repairing the lesion defect part by adopting a mirror image or curved surface reconstruction method according to different defect sizes and positions of the mandible defect model according to specific conditions to obtain a complete mandible repairing model, as shown in figure 4, and generating a mandible finite element mesh model based on the complete mandible repairing model;
2) mandible porous implant design
2.1) biomechanically based individualized layered porous implant body structure design of a mandible porous implant body;
analyzing biomechanics of the mandible defect repair part: constructing a muscle force loading model, a fixed constraint position, an interaction relation and other finite element analysis models on the basis of the mandible restoration model, carrying out finite element simulation analysis to obtain the biomechanical analysis of the mandible, and further obtaining the biomechanical characteristics of the mandible defect restoration part, wherein the biomechanical characteristics comprise stress-strain response, displacement deformation and other characteristics;
secondly, the individualized layered porous implant body main body structure design of the mandible porous implant body: using medical image processing software such as Geomagic to perform surface reconstruction on the STL-format mandible restoration model to form an NURBS surface which can be identified and processed by Rhinocero software, performing unequal-distance layered design processing on the mandible restoration model based on the biomechanical characteristics of the defect restoration part of the mandible and the biological structure characteristics of the mandible to obtain a plurality of layers of sheet structures, designing hexagonal hole structures with different sizes on the different sheet structures, wherein the density of the hexagonal hole structures changes from outside to inside and is similar to the change characteristics from cortical bone to cancellous bone of bone tissue, the hole structures of each layer are staggered, and the sheet structures are connected through connecting rods, so that the two-dimensional sheet hole structure becomes a three-dimensional porous solid structure suitable for 3D printing, namely a layered porous implant main body structure, as shown in FIG. 5;
2.2) topological optimization design of surface structure of porous implant considering soft tissue growth
Firstly, designing an initial structure of a surface structure of a porous implant: extracting the surface of a defect repair part on a mandible repair model by using medical image processing software such as Geomagic, designing and generating a 2mm thin plate structure, smoothly trimming the edge part of the thin plate structure as shown in figure 6, and performing mesh division by using finite element mesh processing software to obtain a finite element entity mesh model of an initial structure;
secondly, the initial structure topology optimization of the surface structure of the porous implant: importing a finite element solid grid model of an initial structure of a mandible finite element grid model and a porous implant surface structure of a patient into finite element simulation software, setting an optimization condition and an optimization target, setting the optimization target to be strain energy minimization, namely rigidity maximization, and optimizing and constraining to be less than 70% in volume, and performing optimization analysis by using a topology optimization module in the finite element simulation software to obtain an optimized shape of the porous implant surface structure, as shown in fig. 7;
thirdly, designing the surface structure of the porous implant: exporting the obtained optimized shape structure of the surface structure of the implant into grid processing software for finishing to obtain an optimized model of the surface structure, and reasonably configuring and designing the material distribution and the trend of the surface of the implant according to the density distribution characteristics in the optimized model and the mechanical distribution characteristics of the mandibular implant in bearing load according to the mechanical transmission principle; meanwhile, considering the attachment growth of soft tissues, the grid structure is arranged on the surface of the implant, so that the surface area of the implant is increased on the premise of avoiding a large solid structure, sufficient space is provided for the attachment growth of the soft tissues, and the reduction of the bruise extrusion of the implant on the soft tissues at local positions is facilitated, as shown in fig. 8;
2.3) Boolean combining the porous implant surface structure and the individualized layered porous implant body structure to obtain a complete layered porous mandibular implant, as shown in FIG. 9;
2.4) fixed connection topology optimization design of porous implant
Firstly, initial design of a fixed connection structure: extracting the mandible surface at the fixed position of the implant by using medical image processing software such as Geomagic, designing and generating a 2mm thin plate structure, performing smooth transition processing on the edge part of the thin plate structure, as shown in figure 10, and performing mesh division by using finite element mesh processing software to obtain a finite element entity mesh model of the fixed connection structure;
topology optimization of the fixed connection structure: introducing a finite element mesh model of a mandible of a patient, a finite element solid mesh model of an initial structure of a porous implant surface structure and a finite element solid mesh model of a fixed connection structure into finite element simulation software, setting optimization conditions and an optimization target, setting the optimization target to be strain energy minimization, namely rigidity maximization, and optimizing constraint to be less than 70% of volume, and performing optimization analysis by using a topology optimization module in the finite element simulation software to obtain an optimized shape of the implant fixed connection structure, as shown in fig. 11;
optimization of a fixed connection structure and determination of screws: exporting the obtained optimized shape structure of the fixed connection structure to grid processing software for trimming to obtain an optimized model of the fixed connection structure, and designing and determining the fixed positions and the number of screws with the optimal biomechanics characteristics on the optimized model of the fixed connection structure according to the physiological anatomical characteristics of mandible and avoiding sensitive parts such as tooth roots, mandible neural tubes and the like;
fourthly, performing Boolean combination on the fixed connection structure and the layered porous mandibular implant, and performing smooth transition treatment on the Boolean structure to obtain a mandibular porous implant model, as shown in figure 12;
3) 3D printing the mandible porous implant model by using a titanium or titanium alloy or PEKK material;
the designed mandible porous implant model is led into 3D printing pretreatment software magics, a proper printing support structure is added on the model according to the model characteristics of the porous implant and the 3D printing process characteristics, satisfactory printing quality is guaranteed, then automatic layering slicing processing is carried out, and special printing file data of SLM equipment is generated. Printing in an SLM device by using Ti6Al4V powder under the protection of argon gas;
4) and carrying out post-treatment processes such as polishing, sand blasting, hydroxyapatite coating and the like on the printed mandible porous implant model to obtain the mandible porous implant which can be applied to clinical restoration.
A porous implant constructed based on a method for designing a porous mandibular implant considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth, comprising a layered porous mandibular implant comprising a layered porous implant body structure 123 and a porous implant surface structure 122 capable of taking up and transferring load based on a topological optimization design, and two fixation connection structures, the porous implant body structure 122 being provided with a lattice structure consisting of holes, the layered porous implant body structure 123 being Boolean combined with the porous implant surface structure 122;
the layered porous implant body main body structure 123 is composed of a plurality of layers of sheet structures, hexagonal hole structures with different sizes are arranged on different sheet structures, the hole structures of each layer are staggered with each other and are changed from density to density from outside to inside, and the plurality of layers of sheet structures are connected through connecting rods;
the two fixed connection structures are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the layered porous mandibular implant and are connected with the porous implant surface structure 122; the fixed connection structure is a fixed plate 121 designed based on topology optimization.
The layered porous implant main body structure is designed in a layered mode according to the internal structure characteristics of bone tissues, the outer layer part is composed of dense hexagonal porous units, the inner layer part is composed of sparse hexagonal porous units, and the direction and the length of an interlayer connecting rod are determined according to the stress distribution rule of the implant, so that a complete three-dimensional layered porous implant main body is formed; the surface structure of the porous implant is designed by topology optimization, the size, the thickness and the direction of each component part such as a surface structure hole and the like are reasonably designed by integrating the structural density distribution after topology optimization and the stress characteristics of the implant, so that the surface contour of the prosthesis can be maintained, the environments such as blood supply and the like for good attachment and growth of soft tissues can be provided, the load can be born and transmitted, the main structure of the layered porous implant is promoted to stimulate the growth and healing of bone cells, and the generation of bone tissues is guided in the optimal mechanical stimulation environment.
Further, the fixed plate 121 is lug-shaped, and all be equipped with the screw hole on the fixed plate 121 of both sides, wherein has four screw holes on the fixed plate of left side, has two screw holes on the fixed plate of right side, through titanium nail and the jaw cheek side fixed connection of waiting to restore, as shown in fig. 14.
Claims (3)
1. A method of designing a porous implant for a mandible considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) acquiring CT image data of a patient and establishing a mandible three-dimensional model:
CT image data acquisition of a patient, namely acquiring data of the mandible of the patient by using CT scanning equipment and storing the CT data of the mandible in storage equipment;
establishing a three-dimensional model of the mandible: processing data of the CT data of the mandible by using medical image processing software, reconstructing a three-dimensional model of the mandible, and determining the pathological change position and the range of the mandible of the patient according to the three-dimensional model of the mandible;
③ simulating and excising the diseased part of the mandible: simulating and cutting off a diseased part by using a design tool in medical image processing software according to the diseased region of the mandible to obtain a mandible defect model;
fourthly, establishing a lesion defect part repairing model: repairing the lesion defect part by adopting a mirror image technology or a curved surface reconstruction technology according to different defect sizes and positions of the mandible defect model to obtain a complete mandible repairing model, and generating a mandible finite element mesh model based on the complete mandible repairing model;
2) mandible porous implant design
2.1) biomechanically based individualized layered porous implant body structure design of a mandible porous implant body;
analyzing biomechanics of the mandible defect repair part: constructing a finite element analysis model based on the mandible repairing model, carrying out finite element simulation analysis to obtain the biomechanical characteristics of the mandible and further obtain the biomechanical characteristics of the defect repairing part;
secondly, the individualized layered porous implant body main body structure design of the mandible porous implant body: according to the biomechanical characteristics of the mandible defect repair part and the characteristics of the mandible biostructure, carrying out unequal-distance layered design treatment on a mandible repair model to obtain a plurality of layers of sheet structures, designing hole structures with different sizes on different sheet structures, staggering the hole structures of each layer, and connecting the sheet structures through connecting rods to form a layered porous implant main body structure;
2.2) topological optimization design of surface structure of porous implant considering soft tissue growth
Firstly, designing an initial structure of a surface structure of a porous implant: extracting the surface of a defect repair part on a mandible repair model by using medical image processing software, designing and generating a 2mm thin plate structure, smoothly trimming the edge part of the thin plate structure, and performing mesh division by using finite element mesh processing software to obtain a finite element entity mesh model of an initial structure;
secondly, the initial structure topology optimization of the surface structure of the porous implant: introducing a finite element mesh model of a mandible of a patient and a finite element entity mesh model of an initial structure of a surface structure of the porous implant into finite element simulation software, setting an optimization condition to be strain energy minimization and an optimization target to be less than 70% of volume, and performing optimization analysis by using a topology optimization module in the finite element simulation software to obtain an optimized shape of the surface structure of the porous implant;
thirdly, designing the surface structure of the porous implant: exporting the surface structure of the porous implant with the optimized shape to grid processing software for finishing to obtain an optimized model of the surface structure, and reasonably configuring and designing the material distribution and the trend of the surface of the implant according to the density distribution characteristics in the optimized model and the mechanical distribution characteristics of the mandibular implant in bearing load according to the mechanical transmission principle; meanwhile, considering the attachment growth of soft tissues, a grid structure is arranged on the surface of the implant;
2.3) carrying out Boolean combination on the surface structure of the porous implant and the main body structure of the personalized layered porous implant to obtain a complete layered porous mandibular implant;
2.4) fixed connection topology optimization design of porous implant
Firstly, initial design of a fixed connection structure: extracting the mandible surface at the fixed position of the implant by using medical image processing software, designing and generating a 2mm thin plate structure, performing smooth transition processing on the edge part of the thin plate structure, and performing mesh division by using finite element mesh processing software to obtain a finite element entity mesh model of the fixed connection structure;
topology optimization of the fixed connection structure: introducing a mandible finite element grid model of a patient, a finite element solid grid model of an initial structure of a porous implant surface structure and a finite element solid grid model of a fixed connection structure into finite element simulation software, setting an optimization condition to be strain energy minimization and an optimization target to be less than 70% of volume, and performing optimization analysis by using a topological optimization module in the finite element simulation software to obtain an optimized shape of the fixed connection structure;
optimization of a fixed connection structure and determination of screws: exporting the obtained optimized shape structure of the fixed connection structure to grid processing software for finishing to obtain an optimized model of the fixed connection structure, and designing and determining the fixed positions and the number of screws with the optimal biomechanics characteristics on the optimized model of the fixed connection structure according to the physiological anatomy characteristics of the mandible;
fourthly, performing Boolean combination on the fixed connection structure and the layered porous mandibular implant, and performing smooth transition treatment on the Boolean structure to obtain a mandibular porous implant model;
3) 3D printing is carried out on the mandible porous implant model;
4) and carrying out post-treatment processes of polishing, sand blasting and hydroxyapatite coating on the printed mandible porous implant model to obtain the mandible porous implant applicable to clinical restoration.
2. A porous implant constructed based on the method for designing a porous implant for a mandible considering soft tissue attachment and bone growth according to claim 1, wherein: the porous implant comprises a layered porous mandibular implant body and two fixed connection structures, the layered porous mandibular implant body comprises a layered porous implant body main structure and a porous implant body surface structure which is designed based on topology optimization and can bear and transfer load, the porous implant body surface structure is provided with a grid structure consisting of holes, and the layered porous implant body main structure and the porous implant body surface structure are subjected to Boolean combination;
the layered porous implant body main body structure is composed of a plurality of layers of sheet structures, hexagonal hole structures with different sizes are arranged on different sheet structures, the hole structures of each layer are staggered with each other and are changed from density to density from outside to inside, and the plurality of layers of sheet structures are connected through connecting rods;
the two fixed connection structures are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the layered porous mandibular implant and are structurally connected with the surface of the porous implant; the fixed connection structure is a fixed plate based on topological optimization design.
3. The porous implant of claim 2, wherein: the fixed plate is lug shape, all is equipped with the screw hole on the fixed plate of both sides, wherein has four screw holes on the fixed plate of left, has two screw holes on the fixed plate on right side, through titanium nail and the jaw cheek side fixed connection of waiting to restore.
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