CN111983014A - Welding seam defect detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
Welding seam defect detection device and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111983014A CN111983014A CN202010846596.2A CN202010846596A CN111983014A CN 111983014 A CN111983014 A CN 111983014A CN 202010846596 A CN202010846596 A CN 202010846596A CN 111983014 A CN111983014 A CN 111983014A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 108091006146 Channels Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
- G01N27/9013—Arrangements for scanning
- G01N27/902—Arrangements for scanning by moving the sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/90—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws using eddy currents
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Abstract
The invention provides a welding seam defect detection device and a detection method thereof, wherein the detection device comprises an excitation unit, a detection unit and a shielding unit; the excitation unit comprises a magnetic yoke structure and an excitation coil wound and fixed on the outer surface of the magnetic yoke structure; the detection unit comprises a magnetic conduction structure and a detection coil wound and fixed on the outer surface of the magnetic conduction structure; the axis of the detection coil is parallel to the central line of the magnetic yoke structure, and the detection coil and the magnetic yoke structure are connected in series and are positively connected to form a difference; the shielding unit can shield the direct coupling energy channel induced by the excitation unit. According to the invention, the magnetic field intensity and the penetration depth of the plane eddy current field are improved through the magnetic yoke structure, and the detection capability of weld defects is improved; meanwhile, the structural form that the axes of the detection coils are all parallel to the central line of the magnetic yoke structure and are connected in series for difference is adopted, so that the influence of the fish scale on the surface of the welding seam on a detection signal is effectively inhibited, and the detection capability of the welding seam defect is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding seam defect detection device and a detection method thereof, belonging to the technical field of nondestructive detection.
Background
The alloy welding component is widely applied to the rail transit industry, and fatigue cracks are easy to generate in a welding seam area due to the fact that the service environment of a rail vehicle is severe, and the safe operation of a train is damaged. The conventional eddy current detection technology has a good detection effect on surface or near-surface defects, a cross-shaped structure eddy current sensor can be adopted to detect the surface defects of the welding seam, but the penetration depth of a magnetic field is limited due to the influence of skin effect, and hidden defects of the welding seam area cannot be effectively detected. The conventional far-field eddy current detection technology adopts low-frequency eddy current excitation, is less influenced by a skin effect and a lift-off effect, can realize the detection of near-surface defects, but is greatly interfered by fish scale marks on the surface of a welding seam, so that the signal-to-noise ratio is lower, and the defect misjudgment is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a welding seam defect detection device and a detection method thereof, which can detect hidden defects of welding seams without being interfered by the surfaces of the welding seams.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a weld defect detection device, which comprises an excitation unit, a detection unit and a shielding unit; the excitation unit comprises a magnetic yoke structure and an excitation coil wound and fixed on the outer surface of the magnetic yoke structure; the detection unit comprises a magnetic conduction structure and a detection coil wound and fixed on the outer surface of the magnetic conduction structure; the axis of the detection coil is parallel to the central line of the magnetic yoke structure, and the detection coil and the magnetic yoke structure are connected in series and are positively connected to form a difference; the shielding unit can shield the direct coupling energy channel induced by the excitation unit.
In combination with the first aspect, further, the shielding unit includes a probe shell shielding structure and a groove-shaped shielding structure, a detection surface is arranged on one side surface of the probe shell shielding structure, a groove is formed in the detection surface, and the groove-shaped shielding structure is fixed in the groove of the detection surface.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the detection unit is fixed in a groove of the groove-shaped shielding structure; the end face of the magnet yoke structure is provided with a support leg, the detection surface is further provided with a through hole, and the support leg is inserted into the through hole to realize the fixed connection of the magnet yoke structure and the detection surface.
Combine first aspect, furtherly, the long limit both ends of detecting the face are equipped with and carry away the support band, can guarantee in the use the detection face is unsettled in the determinand.
With reference to the first aspect, the electromagnetic induction heating device further comprises a control unit, wherein the control unit comprises a signal excitation module connected to the excitation coil, and the signal excitation module is capable of applying a low-frequency sinusoidal signal to the excitation coil to enable the excitation coil to generate an alternating electromagnetic field.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the control unit further includes a signal processing module connected to the detection coil, and the signal processing module is configured to process the induced voltage signal picked up by the detection coil.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the control unit further includes a display module connected to the signal processing module, and the display module is configured to display an eddy current impedance diagram obtained after processing by the signal processing module.
With reference to the first aspect, further, the amplitude of the low-frequency sinusoidal signal is adjustable within a range of 10-20V.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a weld defect detection method, comprising the steps of:
scanning a detection surface of a welding seam defect detection device forwards at a constant speed along a welding seam of an object to be detected, generating an alternating electromagnetic field by an exciting coil, and inducing an eddy current field by the alternating electromagnetic field;
the shielding unit is utilized to shield the direct coupling energy channel induced by the exciting unit, so that the eddy current field induced by the exciting coil is forced to permeate into the object to be measured;
picking up an induced voltage signal of an indirect coupling energy channel through a detection unit;
and processing the induced voltage signal to obtain a weld defect detection result.
In combination with the second aspect, further, the method further includes: and processing the induced voltage signal to obtain an eddy current impedance diagram and outputting and displaying the eddy current impedance diagram.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the magnetic yoke structure is arranged, so that the strength of an excitation magnetic field and the penetration depth of a plane eddy current field can be improved, and the weld defect detection capability is improved;
the invention is provided with the detection coil, the axis of the detection coil is parallel to the central line of the magnetic yoke structure, and the detection coil and the magnetic yoke structure are connected in series and are positively connected to form a difference, so that the influence of the fish scale on the surface of the welding seam on a detection signal can be effectively inhibited, and the detection capability of the welding seam defect is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a weld defect detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a weld defect detection method provided by an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. an excitation coil; 2. a magnetic yoke structure; 3. a detection coil; 4. a magnetic conduction structure; 5. a slotted shield structure; 6. a probe housing shielding structure; 7. a signal excitation module; 8. a signal processing module; 9. and a display module.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
In the description of the present patent, it is to be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present patent and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present patent.
In the description of the present patent application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a weld defect detecting apparatus, which includes an exciting unit, a detecting unit, and a shielding unit.
As shown in fig. 1, the excitation unit comprises a yoke structure 2 and an excitation coil 1, the excitation unit being adapted to generate an alternating magnetic field. The yoke structure 2 is U type structure, and the cross-section at geometric center is the rectangle, and the material is ferrite or silicon steel, and yoke structure 2 itself can not produce the magnetic field, and its effect lies in retraining the outer diffusion of induction coil magnetic leakage, improves the efficiency of response. The exciting coil 1 is circumferentially wound and fixed on the outer surface of the central framework of the magnetic yoke structure 2, the wound and fixed structure is a rectangular structure, and the exciting coil 1 is a copper enameled wire.
As shown in fig. 1, the detection unit comprises a detection coil 3 and a magnetic conductive structure 4, and the detection unit is used for picking up an induced voltage signal. The magnetic conduction structure 4 is an H-shaped structure, the cross section of the geometric center is rectangular, and the material is ferrite or silicon steel. In this embodiment, there are two groups of detection coils 3, and there are two magnetic structures 4, and a group of detection coils 3 is circumferentially wound and fixed on the outer surface of the central skeleton of one magnetic structure 4, and after being wound and fixed, the detection coils 3 are rectangular structures, and are copper enameled wires.
It should be noted that the axis of the detection coil 3 is parallel to the center line of the yoke structure 2, and the detection coil 3 and the yoke structure 2 are connected in series and form a difference.
As shown in fig. 1, the shielding unit is a composite shielding structure, and includes a probe housing shielding structure 6 and a slot-shaped shielding structure 5 for shielding the direct coupling energy channel induced by the excitation unit. In this embodiment there is one probe housing shield 6 and two sets of slotted shields 5. The probe shell shielding structure 6 is made of copper, and the probe shell shielding structure 6 is used for fixing the excitation unit, the detection unit and the two groove-shaped shielding structures 5. One side surface of the probe shell shielding structure 6 is provided with a detection surface, and the detection surface is provided with two rectangular grooves and two rectangular through holes. The two slotted shielding structures 5 are fixed in the two rectangular grooves, specifically, the size of the inner cavity of the rectangular groove is larger than or equal to the maximum external size of the slotted shielding structure 5, so that the slotted shielding structure 5 can be fixed in the groove. The stand bars of 2 both ends faces of yoke structure are fixed in two rectangle through-holes, will yoke structure 2 is fixed on detecting the face, specifically, the interval and the size of two rectangle through-holes are processed according to yoke structure 2.
The groove-shaped shielding structure 5 is a rectangular structure with a groove and is made of aluminum alloy. The detection unit is fixed in the groove of the groove-shaped shielding structure 5, specifically, the size of the groove-shaped shielding structure 5 needs to be processed according to the size of the detection unit, and the maximum size of the outside of the detection unit is smaller than or equal to the size of the inner cavity of the two groove-shaped shielding structures 5.
As shown in figure 1, the two ends of the long edge of the detection surface are provided with lift-off supporting belts, so that the detection surface can be suspended in an object to be detected in the using process, the detection can be prevented from being influenced by the uneven fish scale patterns on the surface of a welding seam or the metal protrusions, and the abrasion of the detection surface can also be prevented.
As shown in fig. 2, a weld defect detecting apparatus further includes a control unit. The control unit comprises a signal excitation module 7, a signal processing module 8 and a display module 9. The signal excitation module 7 is connected with the excitation coil 1 and can apply a low-frequency sinusoidal signal to the excitation coil 1 to enable the excitation coil 1 to generate an alternating electromagnetic field. The signal processing module 8 is connected to the detection coil 3 and can process the induced voltage signal picked up by the detection coil 3. The display module 9 is connected with the signal processing module 8 and can display the eddy current impedance diagram obtained after the signal processing module 8 processes the eddy current impedance diagram.
Specifically, the amplitude of the low-frequency sinusoidal signal is adjustable within the range of 10-20V.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a weld detecting method, including the following steps: scanning the detection surface of the welding seam defect detection device forwards at a constant speed along the welding seam of the object to be detected, generating an alternating electromagnetic field by the exciting coil 1, and inducing an eddy current field by the alternating electromagnetic field; the shielding unit shields the direct coupling energy channel induced by the exciting unit to force the eddy current field induced by the exciting coil 1 to permeate into the object to be detected; the detection unit picks up an induced voltage signal of the indirect coupling energy channel and transmits the induced voltage signal to the signal processing module 8; after the signal processing module 8 finishes processing, the display module 9 displays the eddy current resistance diagram, and the weld defect detection is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the magnetic yoke structure 2 improves the magnetic field intensity and the penetration depth of the plane eddy current field, and improves the detection capability of weld defects; meanwhile, the structural form that the axes of the detection coils 3 are all parallel to the central line of the magnetic yoke structure and are connected in series for difference is adopted, so that the influence of the fish scale on the surface of the welding seam on the detection signal is effectively inhibited, and the welding seam defect detection capability is improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The welding seam defect detection device is characterized by comprising an excitation unit, a detection unit and a shielding unit; the excitation unit comprises a magnetic yoke structure (2) and an excitation coil (1) wound and fixed on the outer surface of the magnetic yoke structure (2); the detection unit comprises a magnetic conduction structure (4) and a detection coil (3) wound and fixed on the outer surface of the magnetic conduction structure (4); the axis of the detection coil (3) is parallel to the central line of the magnetic yoke structure (2), and the detection coil (3) and the magnetic yoke structure (2) are connected in series and are positively connected to form a difference; the shielding unit can shield the direct coupling energy channel induced by the excitation unit.
2. The weld defect detection device according to claim 1, wherein the shielding unit comprises a probe shell shielding structure (6) and a groove-shaped shielding structure (5), a detection surface is arranged on one side surface of the probe shell shielding structure (6), the detection surface is provided with a groove, and the groove-shaped shielding structure (5) is fixed in the groove of the detection surface.
3. The weld defect detecting apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the detecting unit is fixed in a groove of the groove-shaped shielding structure (5); the end face of the magnetic yoke structure (2) is provided with a supporting leg, the detection surface is further provided with a through hole, and the supporting leg is inserted into the through hole to realize the fixed connection of the magnetic yoke structure (2) and the detection surface.
4. The weld joint defect detection device according to claim 2, wherein lifting support bands are arranged at two ends of the long edge of the detection surface, so that the detection surface can be suspended in the object to be detected in the use process.
5. The weld defect detection device according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit, wherein the control unit comprises a signal excitation module (7) connected with the excitation coil (1), and the signal excitation module (7) can apply a low-frequency sinusoidal signal to the excitation coil (1) to enable the excitation coil (1) to generate an alternating electromagnetic field.
6. Weld defect detection device according to claim 5, characterized in that the control unit further comprises a signal processing module (8) connected to the detection coil (3), the signal processing module (8) being adapted to process the induced voltage signal picked up by the detection coil (3).
7. The weld defect detection device according to claim 6, wherein the control unit further comprises a display module (9) connected with the signal processing module (8), and the display module (9) is used for displaying the eddy current impedance map obtained after the signal processing module (8) processes the eddy current impedance map.
8. The weld joint defect detection device according to claim 5, wherein the amplitude of the low-frequency sinusoidal signal is adjustable within a range of 10-20V.
9. A weld defect detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
scanning a detection surface of a welding seam defect detection device forwards at a constant speed along a welding seam of an object to be detected, generating an alternating electromagnetic field by an exciting coil (1), and inducing an eddy current field by the alternating electromagnetic field;
the shielding unit is used for shielding the direct coupling energy channel induced by the exciting unit to force the eddy current field induced by the exciting coil (1) to permeate into the object to be detected;
picking up an induced voltage signal of an indirect coupling energy channel through a detection unit;
and processing the induced voltage signal to obtain a weld defect detection result.
10. The weld defect detection method of claim 9, further comprising: and processing the induced voltage signal to obtain an eddy current impedance diagram and outputting and displaying the eddy current impedance diagram.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010846596.2A CN111983014A (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Welding seam defect detection device and detection method thereof |
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| CN202010846596.2A CN111983014A (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Welding seam defect detection device and detection method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116990382A (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2023-11-03 | 南昌航空大学 | Adjustable probe and method for detecting defects of small-spacing rivet holes |
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