CN111975455A - Spiral bevel gear on-line measuring method - Google Patents
Spiral bevel gear on-line measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111975455A CN111975455A CN202010693363.3A CN202010693363A CN111975455A CN 111975455 A CN111975455 A CN 111975455A CN 202010693363 A CN202010693363 A CN 202010693363A CN 111975455 A CN111975455 A CN 111975455A
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- machine tool
- bevel gear
- spiral bevel
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- probe device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
Abstract
The invention discloses an online measuring method of a spiral bevel gear, which comprises the steps of arranging a probe device on a machine tool, calibrating the position of the probe device on the machine tool, constructing an online measuring model of the machine tool based on the theoretical position of the spiral bevel gear on the machine tool, namely the theoretical parameter of the spiral bevel gear, and converting each measuring point on the theoretical tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear into a theoretical coordinate value corresponding to the online measuring model of the machine tool; then detecting the actual tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear through the probe device and obtaining the actual coordinate value of each measuring point; and finally, after the machine tool calculates the error between the theoretical coordinate value and the actual coordinate value to process the spiral bevel gear, the measurement of the tooth surface can be directly realized, the processing quality and the stability of the spiral bevel gear can be continuously ensured, the cost of measuring equipment of the spiral bevel gear is saved, the online measurement and the processing are carried out on the same equipment, the measurement cost can be effectively reduced, the time and the labor are saved, and waste products can be found as early as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a gear measuring method, in particular to an online measuring method for a spiral bevel gear.
Background
As an important transmission component, the spiral bevel gear has a complex tooth surface structure and high precision requirement. The machining error of the spiral bevel gear is inevitable under the influence of external interference factors such as the manufacturing accuracy of a machine tool, the installation errors of a workpiece and a cutter head, the vibration in the machining process and the like, and the detection of the machining error of the spiral bevel gear and the back-blending and compensation of the machining error are important means for controlling the accuracy and the quality of the spiral bevel gear. However, the spiral bevel gear is processed and measured on different equipment, and after the processing is finished, the spiral bevel gear needs to be transported to a detection chamber for measurement, which wastes time and labor, and the cost of the measurement equipment is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides an online measuring method for the spiral bevel gear, so that the processing and the measurement of the spiral bevel gear are carried out on the same machine tool, and manpower and material resources are saved.
The spiral bevel gear on-line measuring method comprises the following steps: setting a probe device on the machine tool, calibrating the position of the probe device on the machine tool, constructing a machine tool online measurement model based on the theoretical position of a spiral bevel gear installed on the machine tool, namely the theoretical parameters of the spiral bevel gear, and converting each measurement point on the theoretical tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear into a theoretical coordinate value corresponding to the machine tool online measurement model; then detecting the actual tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear through the probe device and obtaining the actual coordinate value of each measuring point; and finally, calculating the error between the theoretical coordinate value and the actual coordinate value.
The spiral bevel gear online measuring method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects: after the machine tool processes the spiral bevel gear, the measurement of the tooth surface can be directly realized, the processing quality and the stability of the spiral bevel gear can be continuously ensured, the cost of measuring equipment of the spiral bevel gear is saved, the online measurement and the processing are carried out on the same equipment, the measurement cost can be effectively reduced, the time and the labor are saved, and waste products can be found as early as possible.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the probe device is movably provided with a stylet.
According to some embodiments of the invention, when calibrating the probe device, a machine tool coordinate system is constructed based on the inner bore and the end face of the machine tool spindle, and then the offset value of the probe device based on each axis of the machine tool coordinate system is calibrated.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the machine tool coordinate system is based on the machine tool spindle bore and end face as references, the machine tool spindle bore end face is a machine tool XY-direction reference, and the machine tool bore axis is a machine tool Z-direction reference.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the calibration of the probe on the machine tool comprises an offset of the probe in the X-direction, an offset in the Y-direction and an offset in the Z-direction of the machine tool.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the machine tool is provided with a clamping device, and the spiral bevel gear is mounted on the machine tool through the clamping device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the measurement results are represented in the form of a topological graph, and a comprehensive evaluation result of the error magnitude is given.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the on-line measurement model requires establishing a transformation of the measurement points of the theoretical tooth surface into the XYZ coordinate system of the machine tool, the length of the clamping device is h, the distance from the end face of the spindle to the center of the machine tool is L, the original coordinates of the theoretical tooth surface are x1，y1，z1Normal vector nx1，ny1，nz1(ii) a The coordinate converted into XYZ coordinate system of machine tool is x0，y0，z0Normal vector nx0，ny0，nz0Wherein: x is the number of0＝x1；y0＝y1；z0＝z1+h+L；nx0＝nx1；ny0＝ny1；nz0＝nz1(ii) a Then rotating the spiral bevel gear by an angle to make the spiral bevel gear at a proper detection position, and calculating the following formula by the computer program:
by passing
Obtaining the detection coordinate x of the theoretical tooth surface under the XYZ coordinate system of the machine toolm，ym，zmWherein x isp，yp，zp isThree-way offset of the probe center.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the probe device is used for approaching the actual tooth surface along the normal direction of the measuring point of the theoretical tooth surface, and the coordinate of the measuring point of the actual tooth surface measured by the probe device is xm1，ym1，zm1Calculating the offset distance between the actual tooth surface and the theoretical tooth surface in the normal direction, wherein the tooth surface error calculation model is as follows:
according to some embodiments of the invention, the measurement results are represented in the form of a topological graph, and a comprehensive evaluation result of the error magnitude is given.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the measurement steps of the on-line measurement method for the spiral bevel gear.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention is a spiral bevel gear on-line measuring method: setting a probe device on a machine tool, calibrating the position of the probe device on the machine tool, constructing a machine tool online measurement model based on the theoretical position of a spiral bevel gear installed on the machine tool, namely the theoretical parameters of the spiral bevel gear, and converting each measurement point on the theoretical tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear into a theoretical coordinate value corresponding to the machine tool online measurement model; then detecting the actual tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear through a probe device and obtaining the actual coordinate value of each measuring point; and finally, calculating the error between the theoretical coordinate value and the actual coordinate value.
The spiral bevel gear online measuring method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following technical effects: after the machine tool processes the spiral bevel gear, the measurement of the tooth surface can be directly realized, the processing quality and the stability of the spiral bevel gear can be continuously ensured, the cost of measuring equipment of the spiral bevel gear is saved, the online measurement and the processing are carried out on the same equipment, the measurement cost can be effectively reduced, the time and the labor are saved, and waste products can be found as early as possible.
In some embodiments of the invention, the probe device is movably provided with a stylus.
In some embodiments of the invention, when calibrating the probe device, a machine tool coordinate system is constructed based on the inner bore and the end face of the machine tool spindle, and then the probe device is calibrated based on the offset values of the axes of the machine tool coordinate system.
In some embodiments of the invention, the machine tool coordinate system is based on the machine tool spindle bore and end face as references, the machine tool spindle bore end face is the machine tool XY direction reference, and the machine tool bore axis is the machine tool Z direction reference.
In some embodiments of the invention, the calibration of the probe on the machine tool comprises an offset of the measurement point of the probe in the X-direction, an offset in the Y-direction and an offset in the Z-direction of the machine tool.
In some embodiments of the invention, the machine tool is provided with a clamping device, and the spiral bevel gear is mounted on the machine tool through the clamping device.
In some embodiments of the invention, the measurement results are represented in the form of a topological graph, and a comprehensive evaluation result of the error magnitude is given.
In some embodiments of the invention, the online measurement model is established by converting the measurement point of the theoretical tooth surface into an XYZ coordinate system of the machine tool, the length of the clamping device is h, the distance from the end surface of the main shaft to the center of the machine tool is L, and the original coordinate of the theoretical tooth surface is x1，y1，z1Normal vector nx1，ny1，nz1(ii) a The coordinate converted into XYZ coordinate system of machine tool is x0，y0，z0Normal vector nx0，ny0，nz0Wherein: x is the number of0＝x1；y0＝y1；z0＝z1+h+L；nx0＝nx1；ny0＝ny1；nz0＝nz1(ii) a Then the spiral bevel gear is rotated by an angle to enable the spiral bevel gear to be at a proper detection position, and the following formula is calculated through a computer program:
by passing
Obtaining the detection coordinate x of the theoretical tooth surface under the XYZ coordinate system of the machine toolm，ym，zmWherein x isp，yp，zp isThree-way offset of the probe center.
In some embodiments of the invention, the probe device is used to approach the actual tooth surface in the direction of the normal to the measurement point of the theoretical tooth surface, and the coordinate of the measurement point of the probe device measuring the actual tooth surface is xm1，ym1，zm1Calculating the offset distance between the actual tooth surface and the theoretical tooth surface in the normal direction, wherein a tooth surface error calculation model is as follows:
according to a statistical method, the evaluation index of the evolution of the sum of squares of the tooth surface errors is adopted to evaluate the size of the tooth surface errors, the evaluation index is expressed in inches, the calculated value is expressed by SES, the smaller the SES is, the smaller the tooth surface error is, the less the general grinding SES is controlled within 100um, the less the milling SES is controlled within 300um, and the error size evaluation model is as follows:
in the formula, delta i is a tooth surface error value of a tooth surface calculation point.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. An online measurement method for a spiral bevel gear is characterized in that: setting a probe device on the machine tool, calibrating the position of the probe device on the machine tool, constructing a machine tool online measurement model based on the theoretical position of a spiral bevel gear installed on the machine tool, namely the theoretical parameters of the spiral bevel gear, and converting each measurement point on the theoretical tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear into a theoretical coordinate value corresponding to the machine tool online measurement model; then detecting the actual tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear through the probe device and obtaining the actual coordinate value of each measuring point; and finally, calculating the error between the theoretical coordinate value and the actual coordinate value.
2. The spiral bevel gear on-line measuring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the probe device is movably provided with a probe.
3. The spiral bevel gear on-line measuring method according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the probe device is calibrated, a machine tool coordinate system is constructed based on the inner hole and the end face of the machine tool main shaft, and then the offset value of each shaft of the probe device based on the machine tool coordinate system is calibrated.
4. The on-line measurement method of the spiral bevel gear according to claim 3, characterized in that: the machine tool coordinate system is based on the machine tool main shaft inner hole and the end surface as the reference, the main shaft inner hole end surface of the machine tool is the reference of the machine tool in the XY direction, and the inner hole axis of the machine tool is the reference of the machine tool in the Z direction.
5. The spiral bevel gear on-line measuring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the calibration of the probe on the machine tool includes an offset of a measurement point of the probe in an X direction, an offset in a Y direction, and an offset in a Z direction of the machine tool.
6. The on-line measurement method of the spiral bevel gear according to claim 5, characterized in that: the spiral bevel gear is arranged on the machine tool through the clamping device.
7. The on-line measurement method of the spiral bevel gear according to claim 6, characterized in that: the measurement results are expressed in the form of topological graph, and the comprehensive evaluation result of the error magnitude is given.
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Citations (6)
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| US5297055A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1994-03-22 | The Gleason Works | Multi-functional measurement system |
| CN1847777A (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-18 | 沃尔夫冈·毛德莱纳尔 | Method and device for measuring workpieces with a measuring probe on a machine tool |
| CN103148827A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-06-12 | 北京工业大学 | Large gear measurement method based on articulated arm measurement machine |
| CN104801784A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | 福建工程学院 | Online detecting method of spiral bevel gear machining process |
| CN108645301A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-10-12 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of spur gear surface deviation on-machine measurement method |
| CN108873809A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-23 | 中南大学 | A kind of high-order tooth surface error modification method of spiral bevel gear |
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2020
- 2020-07-17 CN CN202010693363.3A patent/CN111975455A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5297055A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1994-03-22 | The Gleason Works | Multi-functional measurement system |
| CN1847777A (en) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-10-18 | 沃尔夫冈·毛德莱纳尔 | Method and device for measuring workpieces with a measuring probe on a machine tool |
| CN103148827A (en) * | 2013-03-08 | 2013-06-12 | 北京工业大学 | Large gear measurement method based on articulated arm measurement machine |
| CN104801784A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-07-29 | 福建工程学院 | Online detecting method of spiral bevel gear machining process |
| CN108645301A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-10-12 | 南京工程学院 | A kind of spur gear surface deviation on-machine measurement method |
| CN108873809A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-23 | 中南大学 | A kind of high-order tooth surface error modification method of spiral bevel gear |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 王志永: "螺旋锥齿轮大轮齿形误差的在机测量", 《仪器仪表学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20201124 |