CN111971357A - 胶粘带、尤其是缠绕带 - Google Patents

胶粘带、尤其是缠绕带 Download PDF

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CN111971357A
CN111971357A CN201980018968.8A CN201980018968A CN111971357A CN 111971357 A CN111971357 A CN 111971357A CN 201980018968 A CN201980018968 A CN 201980018968A CN 111971357 A CN111971357 A CN 111971357A
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adhesive tape
threads
weft
tape according
yarns
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T·利尔曼
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Certoplast Technische Klebebander GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种胶粘带，尤其是用于包套汽车中的缆线的缠绕带。该胶粘带具有构造成单织物的纺织物的载体(1、3、2、4)以及在载体(1、3、2、4)的至少一侧上的粘接覆层(7)。根据本发明，所述单织物构造成至少三层的，其中，不相互连接的耐磨损的经纱(1、3)不仅形成外部层而且形成内部层，并且设有由纬线(2、4)构成的中间层，所述中间层和外部层的结合点(5)与所述中间层和内部层的结合点(6)不重合。

Description

胶粘带、尤其是缠绕带
技术领域
本发明涉及一种胶粘带，尤其是用于包套汽车中的缆线的缠绕带，该胶粘带具有构造成单织物的耐磨损的纺织物的载体；并且具有在载体的至少一侧上的粘接覆层。
背景技术
对胶粘带并且尤其是用于包套汽车中的缆线的缠绕带的要求不仅由于，需要相对于例如油和汽油的特别的介质耐受性以及高的温度耐受性。实际上，这种缠绕带应能使用在负50℃或负40℃直至正150℃和更高之间的范围中。此外，力求低的声音发射，例如使得尽可能防止如此被缠绕的缆线树或缆线分支的咔咔噪声。
此外，例如在根据专利文献WO 2005/085379 A1的现有技术中详细描述了用于这种类型的缠绕带的高的耐磨损性。在此，可依据标准LV 312确定耐磨损性。为了实现高的耐磨损性，在现有技术中提出层压结构，该层压结构由第一覆盖层、第二覆盖层和使两个覆盖层相连接的中间层组成。这在制造技术上很耗费。
此外，通过专利文献EP 2 322 385 A1已知具有高的磨损强度的可横向撕开的织物胶粘带。在此，纬纱的以dtex为单位的纱线粗细大于经纱的以dtex为单位的纱线粗细。
以这种方式，应实现载体织物的充分的连接强度。此外，应一如既往地保证在纬纱的方向上良好的可手工撕开性。同时，纬纱设有根据LV 312(2009)大于或等于等级C且尤其是等级D的磨损强度，这例如在LV 312(2009)中详细描述。
虽然，相应于专利文献EP 2 322 385 A1的已知的胶粘带或缠绕带整体能够具有应用在汽车领域中所需的磨损强度。为此也有贡献的是，由聚酯构成经纱和纬纱。此外备选地，也可设想由聚酰胺制成的纬纱。然而，不能或不能充分满足对于切割强度的新的要求。实际上，目前对于机动车中的胶粘带，作为对以上描述的要求的补充，需要更高的切割强度亦或冲击强度，这例如是LV 312-3(2009)的主题。尤其是根据如下事实得到这种对冲击强度亦或切割强度的要求，即，机动车目前常常具有纯电动运行的组件，例如门锁。
如果在如此构造的机动车中例如出现侧面碰撞，则存在的风险是，用于所述的门锁的电供给线路在侧面碰撞时折断，从而到达的救援人员不能或者仅能很困难地救出位于内部的乘员，因为为此必须首先机械地打开相关的门。无论如何，目前越来越增加的要求是，尤其是发生事故之后紧接着保持并且至少在一定的时间上还能保证电能供给。前提是如下胶粘带以及尤其是用于包套汽车中的缆线的缠绕带，即，其具有提高的切割强度或冲击强度，至今的实施方式未对此给出解决方案。
发明内容
相应地，本发明提出的技术问题是，如此改进这种类型的胶粘带以及尤其是用于包套汽车中的缆线的缠绕带，使得不仅得到所需的耐磨损性，而且也得到相对于现有技术更高的切割强度或冲击强度。
为了解决该技术问题，在本发明的范围中的这种类型的胶粘带的特征在于，单织物构造成至少三层的，其中，不相互连接的经纱不仅形成外部层而且形成内部层，并且其中，设置由纬线构成的中间层，中间层和外部层的结合点与中间层和内部层的结合点不重合。
因此，在本发明的范围中，首先一次使用并且全部使用单织物，即，该织物在此由三个层构成然而在整体上限定一个唯一的织物。在此，不仅织物的外部层而且内部层由不相互连接的经纱构成，所述经纱与保护纱相结合地整体上构造成耐磨损的。亦即，不仅织物的内部层而且织物的外部层至少满足根据LV 312-1(2009)的磨损等级C。尤其是，织物的两个层甚至至少满足根据LV 312-1的等级D。本发明有利地通过以下方式实现上述情况，即，例如使用由PE(聚乙烯)、尤其是由所谓的UHMWPE(超高分子重量聚乙烯)制成的纱线作为经纱。这种类型的纤维或纱线尤其以商标名称“Dyneema”已知并且具有3至4GPA的抗拉强度。此外，对于这种UHMWPE纱线观察到至少30cN/dtex的与细度相关的最大拉力。纬纱可由相同的材料构成。然而，通常纬纱完全或部分地由弹性体制成。
此外被证实的是，经纱由聚酰胺(PA)亦或聚酯(PET)制成。相似的内容适用于纬纱。也可设想混合形式。此外，纱线同时构造成耐切割的。实际上，整体上可实现织物的相应于标准LV 312-1(2009)的抗冲击设计的层。这不仅适用于内部层而且适用于外部层。纱线，亦即经纱和/或纬纱也可设计成双组分纱线。
在这种情况中，有关的双组分纱线具有由例如UHMWPE亦或由聚酰胺制成的纱芯，该纱芯具有带有天然纤维、纤维素纤维亦或耐火或抗火的纤维的外部覆层。
在有关的根据本发明的单织物中的经纱的数量在8经纱/cm至50经纱/cm之间。类似地，对于纬纱也观察到在8/cm至50/cm之间的纱线数量。实际上，甚至可实现直至70纬纱/cm。与耐磨损的经纱相反地，纬纱有利地完全或部分地由弹性体制成。纬纱也可整体上构造成双组分纱线。
在这种情况中，对于纬纱，本发明又利用由例如UHMWPE、由聚酰胺亦或由聚酯制成的纱芯，这原则上也可用于经纱。于是，还利用天然的纤维素的或合成的纤维作为弹性体的纤维覆盖构造成双组分纱线的纬纱，这些纤维为纬纱赋予一定的弹性。就此而言，此外证实为合适的是，纬纱通过斜纹组织与经纱耦合。
单织物的纱线，不仅经纱而且纬纱通常具有至少100dtex的细度。大多甚至观察到至少150dtex和更高的细度。以这种方式实现的由单织物组成的载体的单位面积重量可在50g/m2至300g/m2之间。
对于至少单侧施加到载体上的粘接覆层，有利地，本发明推荐自粘粘合剂，该自粘粘合剂例如可为橡胶物质，丙烯酸酯物质或硅胶物质。当然，原则上也可设想其它粘接物质，所述粘接物质例如作为弥散物或从熔液中被施加到载体上。作为用于粘接覆层的克重，本发明推荐在50g/m2至200g/m2之间的值。
以这种方式提供的胶粘带原则上可构造成螺旋形地或螺线形地绕缆线引导的缠绕带。
此外备选地，也可借助于胶粘带实现纵向包套。在这种情况中，使胶粘带在纵向上围绕待包套的缆线盘绕。
结果是，提供具有新型的单织物(Monogewebe)作为载体的胶粘带。在这点上实现的尤其是具有不相互连接的耐磨损的经纱与形成中间层的弹性的纬纱组合的三层方案整体地导致，不仅得到高的磨损强度，而且得到特别的切割强度和冲击强度，这满足尤其是根据LV 312-1(2009)的要求。
本质上，这可归因于，外部层在切割负载时或者测试冲击强度时首先如第一保护部或护甲那样起作用。为此，主要是形成外部层的经纱确保这种作用。实际上，外部层设有特别的磨损保护。附加地，未与外部层相连接的内部层确保尽可能的保护。因为内部层的从属的经纱可在一定程度上相对于外部层的经纱运动，并且由此撞击或冲击应力不直接传递到内部层上。由有利地弹性的纬纱组成的中间层在整体上确保这种相互解耦。
基于根据本发明的单织物的所描述的弹性和与此相关的回位能力，以一定的方式发生与击打工具或者说以击打的方式加载的棱边的匹配，从而得到高的耐磨损性以及同样更高的耐断裂和耐切割性。
此外，根据本发明的胶粘带设有特殊设计的单织物，单织物在整体上具有与至今的单层织物相比每cm2更多数量的纱线。实际上，整体上观察到每cm直至50个经纱以及每cm至少同样多的纬纱，从而与例如根据专利文献EP 2 322 385 A1的单层织物相比，每cm2的纱线数量明显更高。由此，在提高的切割强度的同时得到所期望的高的磨损保护。这其中可预见到显著的优点。
附图说明
接下来根据仅示出实施例的附图详细解释本发明。其中：
图1示意性地示出了根据本发明的胶粘带，以及
图2示出了穿过根据图1的对象的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图中示出了由构造成单织物的耐磨损的纺织物的载体1、3、2、4组成的胶粘带。纺织物的载体1、3、2、4设有粘接覆层7。粘接覆层7通常位于纺织物的载体1、3、2、4的内侧，确切的说处于例如缠绕在一个或多个缆线上的状态中。
耐磨损的纺织物的载体1、3、2、4在整体上构造成单织物。实际上，该单织物以三层的方式设有耐磨损的经纱1、3。经纱1、3不相互连接。实际上，根据图1可看出，首先设有经纱1，该经纱限定外部层。此外，设有多个经纱3，这些经纱形成单织物或者说纺织物的载体1、3、2、4的内部层。
经纱1、3借助于纬纱2、4耦合成单织物或者说纺织物的载体1、3、2、4。为此，在该实施例的范围中并且非限制性地如此处理，即，纬纱2、4分别通过斜纹组织与从属的经纱1、3耦合。这种斜纹组织的突出之处在于，相关的纬纱2、4在经纱1和3下方穿过并且随后在至少两个经纱1或3上方穿过。
例如，如果观察在图1中的中间的纬纱2，则该纬纱首先在图1中右侧看出的外部层的经纱1下方穿过。随后，所述纬纱2在至少两个内部的经纱3上方穿过，在此在三个内部的经纱3上方穿过。随后，所涉及的纬纱2再次在下一个外部的经纱1下方穿过。与该中间的纬纱2相比，相邻的纬纱2分别错开地定向。无论如何，以这种方式，在纬纱2方面形成与外部层或者说外部的经纱1的结合点5。
相反地，附加地设置的纬纱4导致与内部层或者说内部的经纱3的另外的结合点6。可看出，各结合点5、6不重合，确切的说相对于彼此移位。亦即，如此设计结合点5、6，使得中间层或者说纬纱2、4与外部层或者说外部的经纱1的结合点5、6，亦即在此结合点5绝不与中间层或者说纬纱2、4与内部层或者说内部的经纱3的结合6的位置一致。由此发生经纱1、3的彼此的分离，因为可将外部的经纱1与内部的经纱3区分开。由此，结合纬纱2、4的附加的弹性，在一定程度上实现经纱1和3彼此弹性的运动。
实际上，在此经纱1、3由例如PE、PA、PET制成，如开头已经描述的那样。此外，经纱1、3以及纬纱2、4为双组分纱线，如开头已经解释的那样。以这种方式，通常不仅外部层而且内部层设计成耐磨损的，即，至少实现根据LV 312-1(2009)的耐磨等级C。尤其是，外部层和/或内部层甚至满足根据312-1的等级D。此外，这两种层或至少外部层相应于以上已描述的标准LV 312-3构造成耐冲击的。
纬纱2、4完全或部分地由弹性体制成。此外，在该实施例的范围中，在纬纱2、4和经纱1、3之间观察到以上已经所述的斜纹组织。单织物的纱线1、3、2、4通常具有至少100dtex的细度。此外，以这种方式实现的载体1、3、2、4的单位面积重量在50g/m2至300g/m2的范围中。
经纱1、3的数量可在8/cm至50/cm之间。纬纱2、4的数量可设计成从8/cm至70/cm之间，从而在根据本发明的纺织物的载体1、3、2、4中，获得比在形成出发点的根据专利文献EP2 322 385 A1的单织物中明显更高的每cm2的纱线密度。
最后，有利地，粘接覆层7为自粘粘合剂，该自粘粘合剂例如也可在热熔涂覆的过程中基于丙烯酸盐地施加到所述载体1、3、2、4上。显然，这仅仅是示例性的并且绝不是限制性的。

Claims (9)

1.一种胶粘带，尤其是用于包套汽车中的缆线的缠绕带，所述胶粘带包括：构造成单织物的纺织物的载体(1、3、2、4)；并且包括在所述载体(1、3、2、4)的至少一侧上的粘接覆层(7)，其特征在于，所述单织物构造成至少三层的，其中，不相互连接的耐磨损的经纱(1、3)不仅形成外部层而且形成内部层，并且设有由纬线(2、4)构成的中间层，所述中间层和外部层的结合点(5)与所述中间层和内部层的结合点(6)不重合。
2.如权利要求1所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述耐磨损的经纱(1、3)由例如聚乙烯、聚酰胺或聚酯制成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述耐磨损的经纱(1、3)同时构造成耐切割的。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述耐磨损的经纱(1、3)构造成双组分纱线。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述纬纱(2、4)完全或部分地由弹性体制成。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述纬纱(2、4)通过斜纹组织与所述经纱(1、3)耦合。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述单织物的纱线(1、3、2、4)具有至少100dtex的细度，尤其是具有150dtex和更高的细度。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述载体(1、3、2、4)的单位面积重量在50g/m2至300g/m2之间。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的胶粘带，其特征在于，所述粘接覆层(7)构造成自粘粘合剂，例如基于丙烯酸盐的自粘粘合剂。
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