CN111964600A - High-precision biaxial optical extensometer and measuring method based on bidirectional view field separation - Google Patents

High-precision biaxial optical extensometer and measuring method based on bidirectional view field separation Download PDF

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CN111964600A
CN111964600A CN202010736032.3A CN202010736032A CN111964600A CN 111964600 A CN111964600 A CN 111964600A CN 202010736032 A CN202010736032 A CN 202010736032A CN 111964600 A CN111964600 A CN 111964600A
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telecentric lens
rectangular pyramid
equilateral right
digital camera
angle prisms
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朱飞鹏
白鹏翔
雷冬
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Hohai University HHU
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Hohai University HHU
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/16Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer and a measuring method based on bidirectional field separation in the technical field of optical extensometers, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the strain measurement precision of an optical extensometer is low due to the influence of sample out-of-plane displacement during test. The telecentric lens is arranged on the digital camera; each side surface of the rectangular pyramid is correspondingly provided with an equilateral right-angle prism, wherein two equilateral right-angle prisms are arranged along the horizontal direction, and the other two equilateral right-angle prisms are arranged along the vertical direction; the diffused light field on each scale distance point on the surface of the tested sample is respectively reflected to four side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid by the four equilateral right-angle prisms, and then respectively reflected by the side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid and enters the telecentric lens in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the telecentric lens; the telecentric lens images each gauge length point on the surface of the tested sample, and the digital camera shoots and transmits the image to the data processing device; the data processing device acquires local uniform bidirectional strain information of the surface of the tested sample.

Description

High-precision biaxial optical extensometer and measuring method based on bidirectional view field separation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical extensometers, and particularly relates to a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional view field separation and a measuring method.
Background
The elastic modulus and the poisson ratio are two basic elastic constants of the material, play an important role in structural design and simulation, and in order to obtain the two parameters, the transverse strain and the axial strain of the material must be accurately measured. The most common bidirectional strain test methods at present are that right-angle strain patterns are adhered and a biaxial electronic extensometer is adopted, and the methods need to install components on a tested sample during measurement, so that the sample is easily damaged, and the methods are not suitable for detection of small-size and large-deformation especially flexible materials. The optical strain test method is mainly represented by optical (video) extension. However, the strain measurement accuracy of current optical extensometers is often not high due to the effects of sample out-of-plane displacement during testing, and the limitations on camera resolution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer and a measuring method based on bidirectional visual field separation, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the strain measurement precision of the optical extensometer is not high due to the influence of the out-of-plane displacement of a tested sample.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a high precision biaxial optical extensometer based on two-way field separation comprising: the system comprises a data processing device, a digital camera, a telecentric lens, a rectangular pyramid and four equilateral right-angle prisms; the telecentric lens is arranged on the digital camera; each side surface of the rectangular pyramid is correspondingly provided with one equilateral right-angle prism, wherein two equilateral right-angle prisms are arranged along the horizontal direction, the other two equilateral right-angle prisms are arranged along the vertical direction, the distance between each equilateral right-angle prism and the rectangular pyramid is equal, and the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid is perpendicular to the optical axis of the telecentric lens; the diffused light field on each scale distance point on the surface of the tested sample is respectively reflected to four side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid by the four equilateral right-angle prisms, and then respectively reflected by the side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid and enters the telecentric lens in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the telecentric lens; the telecentric lens images each gauge length point on the surface of the detected sample according to the received light and forms a digital image on the target surface of the digital camera; the digital camera takes the digital image and transmits the digital image to the data processing device; the data processing device comprises a correlation operation module and a post-processing module, wherein the correlation operation module acquires displacement information of the designated gauge length point along the measuring direction according to the received digital image; the post-processing module obtains local uniform strain information of the surface of the measured sample by using the displacement information obtained by the relevant operation module and combining with the distance information of the specified gauge length points.
Furthermore, the rectangular pyramid and the four equilateral right-angle prisms are fixed on a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is installed on the telecentric lens.
Further, each set of opposite sides of the rectangular pyramid are perpendicular to each other.
Further, the telecentric lens is an object-side telecentric lens or a bilateral telecentric lens.
Further, the digital camera is mounted on an adjustable support.
Further, the horizontal direction uniform strain of the surface of the sample to be measured is (x)2-x1)/sH,x1And x2Displacement of the first and second gauge points, s, respectively, in the horizontal directionHThe initial distance between the first and second gauge points is (y) the magnitude of the uniform strain in the vertical direction2-y1)/sV,y1And y2Displacement of the third and fourth gauge point along the vertical direction, s, respectivelyVIs the initial pitch of the third and fourth gauge points.
A strain measurement method of a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation comprises the following steps:
selecting two scale distance points in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of a sample to be measured respectively, installing the digital camera provided with the telecentric lens on an adjustable bracket, and installing and adjusting the rectangular pyramid and the four equilateral right-angle prisms simultaneously, so that a diffused light field on each selected scale distance point enters the telecentric lens after being reflected by the equilateral right-angle prisms and the rectangular pyramid in sequence;
the telecentric lens forms an image on the target surface of the digital camera according to the received light; the digital camera converts the image formed on the target surface into a digital image and transmits the digital image to the data processing device;
the data processing device acquires displacement information of the specified gauge length points along the measuring direction according to the received digital image, and acquires local uniform bidirectional strain information of the surface of the measured sample by combining the distance information of the specified gauge length points.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the arrangement of the quadrangular pyramid lens and the four right-angle prisms is adopted, so that the upper, lower, left and right scale distance points with longer distances can be converged into the telecentric lens through the reflection of the light path, and the distance between the horizontal and vertical scale distance points, namely the scale distance, is amplified by multiple times, thereby greatly improving the measurement precision of the bidirectional strain;
(2) little influence by out-of-plane displacement: because the telecentric lens has the characteristic of constant magnification in the field depth range, the tiny out-of-plane displacement of the gauge length point can not generate false displacement and false strain on the image surface of the digital camera;
(3) the integrated level is high, the equipment of being convenient for: the invention adopts the optical arrangement of one quadrangular pyramid lens and four right-angle prisms to simplify the implementation steps of bidirectional view field separation, and the quadrangular pyramid lens and the four right-angle prisms are easy to integrate into a single device and are directly connected with a lens, so that the adjustment step is omitted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular pyramid in a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field-of-view separation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical principle of a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a principle of eliminating out-of-plane displacement of a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. As used in the description of the present invention, the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "up," "down" and "in" refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation comprises: the device comprises a data processing device, a digital camera 3, a telecentric lens 4, a rectangular pyramid 6 for converging light rays and equilateral right-angle prisms 7-10 respectively corresponding to a left gauge length point 2, a right gauge length point 2, an upper gauge length point 2 and a lower gauge length point 2 on a tested sample 1; the telecentric lens 4 is arranged on the digital camera 3, the digital camera 3 is fixed by an adjustable bracket 5, in the embodiment, the adjustable bracket 5 adopts an adjustable tripod; each side surface of the rectangular pyramid 6 is correspondingly provided with an equilateral right-angle prism, wherein two equilateral right-angle prisms 7 and 8 are arranged along the horizontal direction, the other two equilateral right-angle prisms 9 and 10 are arranged along the vertical direction, the distance between each equilateral right-angle prism and the rectangular pyramid 6 is equal, and the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid 6 is vertical to the optical axis of the telecentric lens 4; the diffused light field on each scale distance point 2 on the surface of the tested sample 1 is respectively reflected to four side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid 6 by the four equilateral right-angle prisms, and then respectively reflected by the side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid 6 and enters the telecentric lens 4 in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the telecentric lens 4; the telecentric lens 4 images each gauge length point 2 on the surface of the tested sample 1 according to the received light and forms a digital image on the target surface of the digital camera 3; the digital camera 3 takes digital images and transmits the digital images to the data processing device; the data processing device comprises a correlation operation module and a post-processing module, wherein the correlation operation module acquires displacement information of the specified gauge length point 2 along the measuring direction according to the received digital image; the post-processing module obtains the local uniform strain information of the surface of the tested sample 1 by utilizing the displacement information obtained by the relevant operation module and combining the distance information of the specified gauge length points 2.
In the embodiment, firstly, four scale distance points 2 of an optical extensometer are selected on a sample 1 to be measured, a horizontal extensometer is formed by the left and right scale distance points 2, a vertical extensometer is formed by the upper and lower scale distance points 2, four equilateral right-angle prisms 7-10 and a rectangular pyramid 6 are placed in the same plane, the inclined plane of each equilateral right-angle prism is a coating reflection plane and is parallel to one side surface of the rectangular pyramid 6, and the inclined plane of each equilateral right-angle prism and the surface of the sample 1 to be measured form an angle of 45 degrees; rectangular pyramid 6 is placed in 4 dead ahead of telecentric lens, and its four sides are the coating film plane of reflection, and the equal mutually perpendicular of every group opposite flank of rectangular pyramid 6, and rectangular pyramid 6 is located the intermediate position of four equilateral right-angle prisms 7~10, guarantees that four equilateral right-angle prisms 7~ 10's inclined plane is parallel respectively with four sides of rectangular pyramid 6: the light rays emitted by a first (left) scale distance point 2 are translated by a horizontal distance and are incident to the telecentric lens 4 through the inclined plane of the equilateral right-angle prism 7 and the left side surface of the rectangular pyramid 6, the light rays emitted by a second (right) scale distance point 2 are also translated by the inclined plane of the equilateral right-angle prism 8 and the right side surface of the rectangular pyramid 6 by the same horizontal distance and are incident to the telecentric lens 4, the light rays emitted by a third (upper) scale distance point 2 are translated by a vertical distance and are incident to the telecentric lens 4 through the inclined plane of the equilateral right-angle prism 9 and the upper side surface of the rectangular pyramid 6, and the light rays emitted by a fourth (lower) scale distance point 2 are translated by a vertical distance and are incident to the telecentric lens 4 through the inclined plane of the equilateral right-; a telecentric lens 4 and a digital camera 3 are installed on the adjustable triangular support, the telecentric lens 4 is used for imaging four scale distance points 2 on the surface of the tested sample 1, in the embodiment, the telecentric lens 4 is an object space telecentric or bilateral telecentric lens, and the characteristic of constant magnification of the telecentric lens 4 is utilized to eliminate the measurement error caused by the out-of-plane displacement of the tested sample 1. The digital camera 3 is used for simultaneously imaging four scale distance points 2 on the surface of the tested sample 1 and forming a digital image, the four scale distance points 2 are respectively positioned in the left, right, upper and lower areas of an image chip of the digital camera 3, namely the four scale distance points 2 in the shot digital image respectively occupy 1/4 fields of view so as to realize the simultaneous acquisition of the left, right, upper and lower four target area images. The tripod capable of bearing the digital camera ensures that the digital camera 3 can be stably borne, so that the position of the digital camera 3 can be adjusted within a certain range. The data processing device comprises a correlation operation module and a post-processing module. The correlation operation module is used for performing correlation operation on the digital image acquired by the digital camera to acquire displacement information of the four gauge length points 2; and the post-processing module performs calculation by combining the displacement information acquired by the relevant operation module and the distance information of the four gauge length points 2 to acquire the bidirectional strain information of the surface of the measured sample 1.
The horizontal uniform strain of the surface of the tested sample is (x)2-x1)/sH,x1And x2Displacement of the first and second gauge points, s, respectively, in the horizontal directionHThe initial distance between the first and second gauge points is (y) the magnitude of the uniform strain in the vertical direction2-y1)/sV,y1And y2Displacement of the third and fourth gauge point along the vertical direction, s, respectivelyVIs the initial pitch of the third and fourth gauge points.
The high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation can eliminate false displacement and false strain caused by out-of-plane displacement of a measured sample, and the generation principle of the false displacement and the strain is shown in fig. 3. The imaging of the ordinary camera lens follows a pinhole imaging model, and if a gauge length point is set as a point A far away from an optical axis on the surface of a measured sample as shown in FIG. 3, the point A on the image surface can be imaged through the lens. When the sample point A is moved to the point B by the out-of-plane displacement, the point B on the image surface is imaged according to the pinhole model. Under the condition that a measured sample has no deformation, the distance point generates image displacement on an image surface only by the distance displacement of the measured sample from the surface, the displacement is the distance between the point a and the point b, and strain data can be obtained according to the displacement data, namely the false strain. Because the telecentric lens observes an object at a parallel visual angle, the magnification ratio is constant in the field depth range, if the telecentric lens is used for replacing a common lens, after the point A moves to the point B, the position of an imaging point on an image surface is unchanged, which shows that the out-of-plane displacement can not cause false displacement and false strain, therefore, the deformation measurement precision of the optical extensometer can be improved.
The invention uses the prism group to separate the view field and the telecentric lens to image the four scale distance points on the surface of the tested sample, compared with the traditional single camera, the relative position between the four right-angle prisms is also the distance between the left and right scale distance points and the distance between the upper and lower scale distance points, namely, the scale distance is adjustable according to the actual requirement, and the invention has high flexibility. The distance between the two horizontal or vertical gauge length points is closely related to the strain measurement precision, the gauge length can be enlarged by increasing the distance between the two gauge length points, and the precision and the resolution of the strain measurement can be effectively improved under the condition that the relative displacement precision is not changed, so that the high-precision bidirectional strain measurement is realized.
Example two:
the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the rectangular pyramid 6 and the four equilateral right-angle prisms 7-10 are fixed on a fixing plate 11, and the fixing plate 11 is mounted on the telecentric lens 4. The optical arrangement of the embodiment simplifies the implementation steps of bidirectional view field separation, is easy to integrate into a single device, is directly connected with the telecentric lens, removes the adjustment steps from, and has high integration level and convenient assembly.
Example three:
based on the high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the present embodiment provides a measurement method of the high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation, which includes:
selecting two scale distance points in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of a sample to be measured respectively, installing the digital camera provided with the telecentric lens on an adjustable bracket, and installing and adjusting the rectangular pyramid and the four equilateral right-angle prisms simultaneously, so that a diffused light field on each selected scale distance point enters the telecentric lens after being reflected by the equilateral right-angle prisms and the rectangular pyramid in sequence;
the telecentric lens forms an image on the target surface of the digital camera according to the received light; the digital camera converts the image formed on the target surface into a digital image and transmits the digital image to the data processing device;
the data processing device acquires displacement information of the specified gauge length points along the measuring direction according to the received digital image, and acquires local uniform bidirectional strain information of the surface of the measured sample by combining the distance information of the specified gauge length points.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional field separation is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a data processing device, a digital camera, a telecentric lens, a rectangular pyramid and four equilateral right-angle prisms; the telecentric lens is arranged on the digital camera; each side surface of the rectangular pyramid is correspondingly provided with one equilateral right-angle prism, wherein two equilateral right-angle prisms are arranged along the horizontal direction, the other two equilateral right-angle prisms are arranged along the vertical direction, the distance between each equilateral right-angle prism and the rectangular pyramid is equal, and the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid is perpendicular to the optical axis of the telecentric lens;
the diffused light field on each scale distance point on the surface of the tested sample is respectively reflected to four side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid by the four equilateral right-angle prisms, and then respectively reflected by the side surfaces of the rectangular pyramid and enters the telecentric lens in a direction parallel to the optical axis of the telecentric lens;
the telecentric lens images each gauge length point on the surface of the detected sample according to the received light and forms a digital image on the target surface of the digital camera; the digital camera takes the digital image and transmits the digital image to the data processing device;
the data processing device comprises a correlation operation module and a post-processing module, wherein the correlation operation module acquires displacement information of the designated gauge length point along the measuring direction according to the received digital image; the post-processing module obtains local uniform strain information of the surface of the measured sample by using the displacement information obtained by the relevant operation module and combining with the distance information of the specified gauge length points.
2. The biaxial optical extensometer for high precision based on two-way field-of-view separation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular pyramid and the four equilateral right-angle prisms are fixed on a fixing plate, the fixing plate being mounted on the telecentric lens.
3. The dual-direction field-of-view separation-based high-precision dual-axis optical extensometer of claim 1 wherein each set of opposing sides of the rectangular pyramid are perpendicular to each other.
4. The bi-directional field-of-view separation based high precision biaxial optical extensometer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the telecentric lens is an object-side telecentric or double-side telecentric lens.
5. A high precision dual axis optical extensometer based on two-way field of view separation as claimed in claim 1 wherein the digital camera is mounted on an adjustable support.
6. A high-precision biaxial optical extensometer as claimed in claim 1 wherein the horizontal uniform strain of the surface of the measured specimen is (x) in magnitude2-x1)/sH,x1And x2Displacement of the first and second gauge points, s, respectively, in the horizontal directionHThe initial distance between the first and second gauge points is (y) the magnitude of the uniform strain in the vertical direction2-y1)/sV,y1And y2Displacement of the third and fourth gauge point along the vertical direction, s, respectivelyVIs the initial pitch of the third and fourth gauge points.
7. A strain measurement method of a high-precision biaxial optical extensometer based on bidirectional visual field separation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting two scale distance points in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of a sample to be measured respectively, installing the digital camera provided with the telecentric lens on an adjustable bracket, and installing and adjusting the rectangular pyramid and the four equilateral right-angle prisms simultaneously, so that a diffused light field on each selected scale distance point enters the telecentric lens after being reflected by the equilateral right-angle prisms and the rectangular pyramid in sequence;
the telecentric lens forms an image on the target surface of the digital camera according to the received light; the digital camera converts the image formed on the target surface into a digital image and transmits the digital image to the data processing device;
the data processing device acquires displacement information of the specified gauge length points along the measuring direction according to the received digital image, and acquires local uniform bidirectional strain information of the surface of the measured sample by combining the distance information of the specified gauge length points.
CN202010736032.3A 2020-07-28 2020-07-28 High-precision biaxial optical extensometer and measuring method based on bidirectional view field separation Pending CN111964600A (en)

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CN112525096A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-03-19 上海大学 Double-telecentric-lens video extensometer based on field segmentation
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CN115143895A (en) * 2022-06-21 2022-10-04 深圳市海塞姆科技有限公司 Deformation vision measurement method, device, equipment, medium and double-shaft measurement extensometer

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