CN111962305A - 一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，属于消毒抗菌技术领域。本发明公开的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，通过浸扎聚赖氨酸光敏分子使得纺织物具有抗病毒自消毒功能。本发明的聚赖氨酸光敏分子具有高效的抗菌、抗病毒和不耐药的功效，适用于制备抗病毒口罩、抗病毒织物，为日常生活健康提供了更好的保障。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于日常生活和公共卫生的消毒抗菌技术领域，更具体的说 是涉及一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法。
背景技术
人感染了冠状病毒后常见体征有呼吸道症状、发热、咳嗽、气促和呼吸 困难等。在较严重病例中，感染可导致肺炎、严重急性呼吸综合征、肾衰竭， 甚至死亡。
冠状病毒是一个大型病毒家族，已知可引起感冒以及中东呼吸综合征 (MERS)和严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)等较严重疾病。新型冠状病毒是 以前从未在人体中发现的冠状病毒新毒株。做好自我保护包括：保持基本的 手部和呼吸道卫生，坚持安全饮食习惯，并尽可能避免与任何表现出有呼吸 道疾病症状(如咳嗽和打喷嚏等)的人密切接触。
口罩作为人们日常生活呼吸保护的第一道防线，使用方便。一般口罩只 能阻挡病毒颗粒的通过，研究表明冠状病毒可以在面料，塑料等表面保持感 染力2-7天，为此，口罩外表面在佩戴过程污染带新冠病毒的飞沫，唾液和气 溶胶等，可能造成二次污染。也就是说普通口罩的防护效果是有限的。如果 口罩同时具备有抗流感病毒的功效，将会更好提高人们的日常生活质量和在 公共场所活动的能力，同时能更有效控制流感病毒的爆发和传染，还能降低 公共卫生防疫的成本。
在国内抗病毒材料的研发和应用都比较少，病毒检测的安全防护等级比 较和检测成本比较高，材料又要符合皮肤刺激性要求，在抗病毒活性成分的 筛选和抗病毒材料的制备上需要投入大量的研究和资金。
因此，提供一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法是本领域技术人员亟 需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩，利用聚赖氨酸光敏分子处理得到。
进一步，一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)制备口罩织物抗病毒自消毒整理剂：在水中加入0.2～0.5％交联剂， 边搅拌边加入0.2～0.7％粘合剂，再加入10ppm～200ppm聚赖氨酸光敏分子， 搅拌20～30min；
(2)采用浸扎工艺，将步骤(1)制备的整理剂倒入浸扎机液槽中，对 口罩织物进行浸扎；
(3)将步骤(2)经浸扎后的口罩织物搭配其他制备口罩的辅助面料(以 熔喷布高效空气过滤材料或纳米纤维高效空气过滤材料作为中间层)，用口 罩打片机制备成抗病毒自消毒口罩。
口罩织物可应用包括针织面料、梭织面料和无纺布面料制作N95/KN95， 医用平面口罩。制备面料可单独使用或者加工成多层与其他材料联合使用。
进一步，步骤(1)所述聚赖氨酸光敏分子为聚赖氨酸通过其氨基与光敏 剂的羧基之间形成的酰胺键与所述光敏剂偶联。
聚赖氨酸光敏分子实现光能抗病毒自消毒的作用机理：
机理1：光敏分子吸收光能，产生一些自由基，这些自由基变成未成键的 原子碎片急需要找到新的电子来成键；所以它夺取细胞结构化合物的电子， 以不同方式导致细胞的病理变化，其中包括不正常的细胞分裂；细胞膜通透 性和主动运输过程的改变；干扰糖酵解和细胞呼吸；破坏蛋白质和DNA的合 成；造成线粒体、溶酶体损伤和细胞死亡等。它对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴 性菌、酵母菌、霉菌、耐药菌、病毒均有一定的灭杀效果。此过程需要光参 与(可见光、或特定光谱)。
机理2：光敏分子上链接多肽，这个多肽呈高聚合多价阳离子态，它能破 坏微生物的细胞结构，引起细胞的物质、能量和信息传递中断，还能与细胞 内的核糖体结合影响生物大分子的合成，最终导致细胞死亡。此过程不需要 光的参与。它对革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、酵母菌、霉菌均有一定的抑 菌效果。两种抗菌机理具有协同作用。
进一步，所述光敏剂为带有羧基的酞菁或其衍生物、带有羧基的卟啉或 其衍生物、带有羧基的氟硼二吡咯或其衍生物。
进一步，所述带有羧基的酞菁或其衍生物为四羧基取代酞菁或其衍生物。
进一步，所述聚赖氨酸的聚合度为5，所述聚赖氨酸为五聚赖氨酸。
进一步，步骤(1)所述聚赖氨酸光敏分子为β-单羧基取代酞菁锌-五聚赖 氨酸耦合物，其化学结构式是：
五聚赖氨酸带有大量正电荷，五聚赖氨酸的氨基能够作为修饰基团的结 合位点，通过酰胺键偶联上带有羧基的光敏剂。最终通过五聚赖氨酸与带羧 基的光敏剂之间的酰胺键的共价结合，形成了β-单羧基取代酞菁锌-五聚赖氨 酸耦合物的光动力抗菌光敏分子。
进一步，步骤(1)所述交联剂为2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷。
进一步，步骤(1)所述粘合剂为有机硅和丙烯酸共聚物树脂。
进一步，步骤(2)所述浸扎工艺如下：口罩织物前处理→出缸→脱水→ 烘干→浸轧整理剂：40℃以下、带液率80％-110％→烘干、定型(车速按织物 厚薄、克重灵活掌握，一般30-40m/min)。
进一步，所述口罩织物包括针织面料，梭织面料和无纺布面料。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明公开提供了一种光 能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，制备方法简单，采用浸扎法制备口罩织物， 用口罩打片机即可制备，工艺简单，操作性强；本发明光能抗病毒自消毒口 罩制备中，聚赖氨酸光敏分子使用量低，有效降低抗病毒口罩成本。本发明 方法制备的光能抗病毒自消毒口罩具有高抗病毒活性：对甲型流感病毒H1N1 的抗病毒活性值≥3，同时符合一次性卫生用品卫生标准，抗菌率＞99.9％；本 发明的光能抗病毒自消毒口罩，其光敏分子，在室内自然光或灯光下，产生高能态氧，杀灭各种致病菌和病毒；在黑暗条件下，聚赖氨酸与细菌表面产 生静电作用，杀灭各种致病菌和病毒。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所 描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发 明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的 所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明采用体外MDCK细胞模型，初步验证了该抗病毒自消毒口罩织物 对甲型流感病毒H1N1有直接杀灭能力，同时用一次性卫生用品卫生标准对 该抗病毒自消毒口罩织物对大肠杆菌ATCC8739、白色念珠菌ATCC10231、 金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538的抑制实验表明，该抗病毒自消毒口罩织物也有 较高的抗菌作用。下面将以具体的实施例进行说明。
实施例1
一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
(1)配制10kg抗病毒自消毒整理剂：50g交联剂(2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔 丁基过氧化己烷)、40g粘合剂(有机硅和丙烯酸共聚物树脂)、150mg聚赖 氨酸光敏分子(β-单羧基取代酞菁锌-五聚赖氨酸耦合物)；在水中加入交联 剂，边搅拌边加入粘合剂，再加入聚赖氨酸光敏分子，搅拌25min；
(2)配制好整理剂倒入浸扎机液槽中；将10kg无纺布面料通过浸扎机， 温度为38℃，带液率在90％，通过烘干定型制备抗病毒自消毒无纺布面料， 车速为35m/min；
(3)把抗病毒自消毒无纺布面料(作为最内层和/或最外层)加上其他辅 助面料(熔喷布或纳米纤维高效空气过滤材料作为中间层)(在口罩打片机 制备成口罩样片。
抗病毒自消毒无纺布抗病毒活性试验(ISO18184:2014E)结果见表1。
表1
抗病毒自消毒无纺布抗菌性能测试(GB 15979-2002一次性卫生用品卫生 标准：附录C5)结果见表2。
表2
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用 本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易 见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下， 在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例， 而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩，其特征在于，利用聚赖氨酸光敏分子处理得到。
2.一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
(1)制备口罩织物抗病毒自消毒整理剂：在水中加入0.2～0.5％交联剂，边搅拌边加入0.2～0.7％粘合剂，再加入10ppm～200ppm聚赖氨酸光敏分子，搅拌20～30min；
(2)采用浸扎工艺，将步骤(1)制备的整理剂倒入浸扎机液槽中，对口罩织物进行浸扎；
(3)将步骤(2)经浸扎后的口罩织物搭配辅助面料，用口罩打片机制备成抗病毒自消毒口罩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述聚赖氨酸光敏分子为聚赖氨酸通过其氨基与光敏剂的羧基之间形成的酰胺键与所述光敏剂偶联。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，所述光敏剂为带有羧基的酞菁或其衍生物、带有羧基的卟啉或其衍生物、带有羧基的氟硼二吡咯或其衍生物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，所述带有羧基的酞菁或其衍生物为四羧基取代酞菁或其衍生物。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种光动力抗病毒衣物整理液的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述聚赖氨酸光敏分子为β-单羧基取代酞菁锌-五聚赖氨酸耦合物。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述交联剂为2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)所述粘合剂为有机硅和丙烯酸共聚物树脂。
9.根据权利要求2所述的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)所述浸扎工艺如下：口罩织物前处理→出缸→脱水→烘干→浸轧整理剂：40℃以下、带液率80％-110％→烘干、定型，车速为30-40m/min。
10.根据权利要求2所述的一种光能抗病毒自消毒口罩的制备方法，其特征在于，所述口罩织物包括针织面料，梭织面料和无纺布面料。
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