CN111961115A - 一种鲜味肽及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种鲜味肽及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111961115A CN111961115A CN202010730812.7A CN202010730812A CN111961115A CN 111961115 A CN111961115 A CN 111961115A CN 202010730812 A CN202010730812 A CN 202010730812A CN 111961115 A CN111961115 A CN 111961115A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种兼具ACE抑制活性、二肽基肽酶‑4(DPP‑IV)抑制活性的鲜味肽及其制备方法和应用,其氨基酸序列为序列1~10,利用双酶水解鸡碎肉分离纯化得到鲜味肽,并将鲜味肽进行功能筛选,获得具有协同增鲜功能及降血压降血糖多功能的呈味肽。本发明兼具ACE抑制和DPP‑IV抑制活性的鲜味肽,非常适合用于制备功能性呈味基料,并可用于功能型调味料研发,也可用于制备降血压降血糖保健食品中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及鲜味基料领域,具体涉及一种利用双酶水解鸡碎肉分离纯化得到呈味肽,并将呈味肽进行功能筛选,获得具有协同增鲜功能及降血压降血糖多功能的呈味肽的制备过程及应用。
背景技术
由于鸡肉肉质细嫩、滋味鲜美,人们对鸡肉产量的需求不断增强,其鸡肉深加工产品的种类也随之增加,我国自20世纪以来鸡肉及制品产量有一定的上升,经过几十年的持续快速发展,鸡肉产业目前已发展成为我国农牧业领域中产业化程度最高的行业。但当前我国鸡肉产业面临着严峻的国内外形势,一是在国内市场还不成熟,且鸡肉及制品价格偏低;二是鸡肉及其产品在国际市场存在着大量的竞争对手,造成价格不断走低;三是一些发达国家由于存在贸易保护壁垒和调控税率,限制我国鸡肉的出口。鸡肉产业的蓬勃发展及竞争对我国鸡肉行业既是机遇也是一个严峻的挑战。
鸡肉是我国居民主要的肉食来源之一,以滋味鲜美、低脂肪、高蛋白和富含多种必须脂肪酸等特点而受到人们的钟爱,与牛肉、猪肉、羊肉相比,其肉质更加细嫩,含有丰富的营养物质和风味成分。王晓薇等研究固原鸡营养成分时,得出鸡胸肉及腿肉中蛋白质含量分别为24.03%和21.88%,脂肪含量为1.27%和2.42%,还含有大量氨基酸等成分。目前,现代营养学认为,某些氨基酸的不足或者过剩都会影响蛋白质的营养价值。
WHO/FAO提出了评价蛋白质营养价值的必需氨基酸模式,氨基酸比值系数分(SRC)越接近100,其营养价值相对较高。郑小江等对景阳鸡的营养价值进行了评价,结果表明景阳鸡肌肉中总氨基酸含量高达89.04%,鲜味氨基酸和芳香族类氨基酸的含量分别达到21.72%和7.92%,各种人体必需氨基酸种类齐全,且比例均衡,比值系数分(SRC)为77.44。鸡肉中不饱和脂肪酸是人体必需的营养成分之一,其中主要含有肉豆蔻酸、肉豆蔻一烯酸、棕榈酸、棕榈一烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,还有部分月桂酸、花生酸、花生一烯酸、花生二烯酸、花生三烯酸、花生四烯酸等,其中亚油酸和亚麻酸的是必须脂肪酸,它们是鸡肉产品中重要的营养成分。鸡肉中的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪和糖类等营养成分通过参与美拉德反应、脂肪氧化和糖的降解促进鸡肉风味的形成,赋予其良好的口感。
鸡碎肉是鸡肉分割加工企业在鸡肉分割加工过程中产生的下脚料。其价格低廉,并且是鸡肉加工企业比较易得的下脚料。
目前,国内外利用酶解技术在风味方面进行广泛的研究。陈海涛等利用动物蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶复配分步酶解鸡肉,水解度可达到20.47%,其制备的鸡肉香精香气醇厚。李斌等探讨碱性蛋白酶酶解鸡肉中蛋白质的规律,得到最佳水解条件为酶解时间4h,酶解温度45℃,酶用量2.0U/g,该条件下产物的分子质量主要在30-50KDa之间。肖作兵等利用双指标响应面法优化鸡肉酶解液,以水解度和美拉德产物为指标,得到最佳酶解方式为酶解时间3.41h,加酶量0.33%,料液比1:3.08。在1994年,Surowka通过猪胃蛋白酶水解鸡头,在酶解温度55℃,p H=1.5和每公斤原料添加750g水和3g酶水解5h的最佳条件下,水解物经干燥后总氮含量为15.7g,无苦味,淡奶油色,矿物质含量高,但产品乳化性差。董宪兵等在研究鸡骨素酶解工艺时,其最优的酶解条件为料液比1:3、温度=40℃、pH=7.0的条件下先加1500U/g的木瓜蛋白酶水解2h,灭酶后再加1200U/g的风味蛋白酶水解2h得到的鸡骨素水解液的水解度最高为28.8%,氮回收率为79.37%,蛋白表面疏水性指数最低。Lasekan等利用鸡加工过程中产生的副产品进行酶解来生产功能和活性的物质。
生物活性肽是具有生理调节功能的肽类总称,一般而言,这类肽大多相对分子质量较小,在人体内的消化吸收较蛋白质容易。这些小肽不仅能提供人体生长发育所需要的营养,还能调节人体生理机能,起到预防、甚至治疗疾病的作用。食源性生物活性肽的种类较多,包括血管紧张素转化酶(angiotension converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽、抗氧化肽、免疫调节肽、抗炎肽、抗菌肽、抗血栓肽、阿片样活性肽、促钙吸收肽等。其中ACE抑制肽和抗氧化肽分别与高血压和防衰老的治疗和预防关系紧密,已引起各国科学家与政府的高度关注。
发明内容
本发明提供一种兼具ACE抑制活性、二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-IV)抑制活性的鲜味肽及其制备方法和应用,针对目前市场上价格低廉的鸡肉分割下脚料鸡碎肉作为原料,利用复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行双酶水解分离纯化一种功能型呈味肽的方法。
兼具ACE抑制活性、二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-IV)抑制活性的鲜味肽,其氨基酸序列为以下十种:
序列1:His-Gly-Glu-Asp-Lys-Glu-Gly-Glu;
序列2:Gly-Phe-leu-Gly-Pro-Gln;
序列3:Ala-Asp-Gly-Leu-Trp-Leu;
序列4:Ile-Pro-Ile-Pro-Ala-Thr-Lys-Thr;
序列5:Ser-Glu-Ala-Ser-Asn-Asn-Lys;
序列6:Phe-Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg;
序列7:Lys-Asp-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys;
序列8:Pro-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro;
序列9:Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg;
序列10:Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gly-Arg;
兼具ACE抑制活性、二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-IV)抑制活性的鲜味肽的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以鸡碎肉为原料,过绞肉机,之后加水,添加蛋白酶进行酶解,灭酶,得到鸡肉酶解液。
(2)过滤:采用逐级过筛对鸡肉酶解液进行过滤,使得滤液与滤渣进行分离,取滤液,冻干,得到冻干的酶解产物。
(3)将冻干的酶解产物进行葡聚糖凝胶分离纯化,通过电子舌选取鲜味最强组份,冻干,得到冻干的凝胶组分。
(4)将冻干的凝胶组分进行液相分离,选取最鲜组份,冻干,得到冻干的液相分离组份。
(5)将冻干的液相分离组份进行质谱分离鉴定,得到序列1~10的鲜味肽。
步骤(1)中,所述的鸡碎肉与水的用量比为0.5~3g:0.5~7.5mL。进一步优化,所述料液比为1:2.5(m:v),即所述的鸡碎肉与水的用量比为1g:2.5mL。
所述蛋白酶为复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶。其中复合蛋白酶加酶量为鸡碎肉质量的0.20-0.5%,风味蛋白酶加酶量为鸡碎肉质量的0.05-0.4%。进一步优化地,其中复合蛋白酶加酶量为鸡肉质量的0.25%,风味蛋白酶加酶量为鸡肉质量的0.1%。
所述风味蛋白酶酶解1.5-2h,复合蛋白酶酶解2.5-3.5h。进一步优化地,所述酶解为54℃,pH值为6.0-8.0。
进一步优化地,所述风味蛋白酶酶解1.5h,复合蛋白酶酶解2.5h。
所述灭酶条件为90-100℃保持10-15min。进一步优化地,所述灭酶条件为90℃保持15min。
步骤(3)中,所述的葡聚糖凝胶规格为G-15,洗脱剂为水,流速为0.1-1ml/min,进样浓度20-200mg/ml,波长200~240nm。
进一步优化地,所述洗脱剂为水。
进一步优化地,所述流速为1ml/min。
进一步优化地,所述进样浓度200mg/ml。
进一步优化地,所述波长为220nm。
步骤(4)中,使用C18柱的Agilent Technologies Ultra Performance LCTM系统中进行进一步的肽分析。每次洗脱取100微升肽样品(10mg/mL)。流速为0.2-1.0mL/min。流动相B为含0.05-0.2%(v/v)三氟乙酸(TFA)的乙腈,流动相A为含0.05-0.2%(v/v)三氟乙酸(TFA)的超纯水。柱温为25-30℃,洗脱波长为210~220nm,最优选的在215nm处测定洗脱峰。
进一步优化地,所述液相分离柱为C18柱。
进一步优化地,所述液相分离系统为Agilent Technologies Ultra PerformanceLCTM系统。
进一步优化地,所述样品浓度为10mg/mL。
进一步优化地,所述流速为1.0mL/min。
进一步优化地,所述流动相B为乙腈,流动相A为含0.1%(v/v)三氟乙酸(TFA)的超纯水。
进一步优化地,所述柱温为30℃。
进一步优化地,所述洗脱波长为215nm。
步骤(5)中,沃特世公司NanoAquity系列超高压液相色谱与热电公司Q-Exactive系列四级杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(Quadrupole-Orbitrap)联用。样品使用10-20μL流动相A(0.05~0.5%甲酸水溶液,最优选为体积百分数0.1%甲酸水溶液)溶解上样2-10μL,肽段在10μL/min流速下被捕集柱(PepMap C18,100μm x 2cm)捕集3分钟,随后肽段在纳升级分析柱(PepMap C18,75μmx25cm)上进行梯度洗脱色谱分离。色谱流速为250-300nL/min,色谱柱柱温为40-45℃。
进一步优化地,所述仪器为沃特世公司NanoAquity系列超高压液相色谱与热电公司Q-Exactive系列四级杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(Quadrupole-Orbitrap)联用。
进一步优化地,所述进样量为10μL。
进一步优化地,所述流动相A为体积百分数0.1%甲酸水溶液。
所述的兼具ACE抑制活性、二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-IV)抑制活性的鲜味肽在制备鸡肉鲜味基料中的应用。
所述的鸡肉鲜味基料包括:序列1~10的鲜味肽。所述的鸡肉鲜味基料还包括谷氨酸钠(MSG)、氯化钠(NaCl)中的一种或两种,进行协同增鲜。将鲜味肽与谷氨酸钠(MSG)或氯化钠(NaCl)进行协同增鲜。
序列4(IT-8)、序列3(AL-6)、序列10(IR-7)在存在鲜味及鲜味增强的前提下具有较高的ACE抑制活性。这三条序列为具有一定降血压功能的鲜味肽。
序列4(IT-8)在存在鲜味及鲜味增强的前提下具有较高的DPP-IV抑制活性,而序列4(IT-8)也有一定的降血压功能,所以序列4(IT-8)是具有一定降血压降血糖功能的鲜味肽。
因此,所述的序列1~10的鲜味肽可用于制备降血压降血糖保健食品中,能够存在鲜味及鲜味增强的前提下,同时具有一定降血压降血糖功能。特别是序列4的鲜味肽非常适合用于制备降血压降血糖的保健食品中。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下优点和技术效果:
本发明提供的鸡肉鲜味基料的呈味强度较高,在300mg/kg-1000mg/kg的浓度可显著提高食品的鲜味强度,提供鸡肉的特征滋味。
附图说明
图1为一种从鸡碎肉酶解液中分离鉴定出一种呈味肽并兼具功能性的方法。
图2十个呈味肽质谱图,其中,图2-1为His-Gly-Glu-Asp-Lys-Glu-Gly-Glu(HE-8)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-2为Gly-Phe-leu-Gly-Pro-Gln(GQ-6)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-3为Ala-Asp-Gly-Leu-Trp-Leu(AL-6)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-4为Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg(AR-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-5为Phe-Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg(FR-8)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-6为Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gly-Arg(IR-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-7为Lys-Asp-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys(KK-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-8为Pro-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro(PP-9)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-9为Ile-Pro-Ile-Pro-Ala-Thr-Lys-Thr(IT-8)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-10为Ser-Glu-Ala-Ser-Asn-Asn-Lys(SK-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。横坐标表示离子的质荷比(m/z)值;纵坐标表示离子流的强度。
图3呈味肽的鲜味评价图,图3横纵坐标分别代表PC1和PC2,累计贡献率为75.33%。
图4呈味肽与0.35%MSG协同作用的鲜味评价图,图4横纵坐标分别代表PC1和PC2,累计贡献率为65.35%。
图5十种呈味肽消化前后的ACE抑制活性。图中横坐标代表十种呈味肽消化前后的样品,纵坐标代表ACE抑制率。图中活性最好的呈味肽IT-8消化前的降血压抑制率为72.56%,消化后的抑制率为54.1%。
图6十种呈味肽消化前后的DPPⅣ抑制活性,图中横坐标代表十种呈味肽消化前后的样品,纵坐标代表DPPⅣ抑制率。
具体实施方式
以下按照图1工艺流程对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例中的各原料具体采用:风味蛋白酶(购自上海源叶有限公司;LOT:P06J10B92281),,复合蛋白酶(购自上海源叶有限公司;LOT:P13D9B77250)
实施例1
(1)以鸡碎肉为原料,过绞肉机,之后加水,料液比为1.5:1(m:v),即鸡碎肉与水的用量之比为1.5g:1mL。
(2)添加鸡碎肉质量的0.1%的风味蛋白酶,54℃,pH值为6.0-8.0条件下酶解1.5h,加入鸡肉质量0.25%的复合蛋白酶酶解2.5h,90℃灭酶15min,得到鸡肉酶解液。
(3)过滤:采用逐级过筛对酶解液进行过滤,使得滤液与滤渣进行分离,取滤液,冻干,得到冻干的酶解产物。
(4)将冻干的酶解产物进行葡聚糖凝胶分离纯化,通过电子舌、感官评价选取鲜味最强组份,冻干,得到冻干的凝胶组分。
葡聚糖凝胶规格为G-15,洗脱剂为水,流速为1ml/min,进样浓度200mg/ml,波长220nm。
(5)将冻干的凝胶组分进行液相分离,选取最鲜组份,冻干,得到冻干的液相分离组份。
液相分离使用C18柱的Agilent Technologies Ultra Performance LCTM系统中进行进一步的肽分析。每次洗脱取1微升肽样品(10mg/mL)。流速为1.0mL/min。流动相B为含0.05-0.2%(v/v)三氟乙酸(TFA)的乙腈,流动相A为含0.05-0.2%(v/v)三氟乙酸(TFA)的超纯水。柱温为30℃,在215nm处测定洗脱峰。
(6)将冻干的液相分离组份进行质谱分离鉴定,得到鲜味肽序列。
质谱分离采用沃特世公司NanoAquity系列超高压液相色谱与热电公司Q-Exactive系列四级杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(Quadrupole-Orbitrap)联用。样品使用20μL流动相A(体积百分数0.1%甲酸水溶液)溶解上样10μL,肽段在10μL/min流速下被捕集柱(PepMap C18,100μm x 2cm)捕集3分钟,随后肽段在纳升级分析柱(PepMap C18,75μmx25cm)上进行梯度洗脱色谱分离。色谱流速为280nL/min,色谱柱柱温为42℃。
图2十个呈味肽质谱图。图2-1为His-Gly-Glu-Asp-Lys-Glu-Gly-Glu(HE-8)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-2为Gly-Phe-leu-Gly-Pro-Gln(GQ-6)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-3为Ala-Asp-Gly-Leu-Trp-Leu(AL-6)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-4为Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg(AR-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-5为Phe-Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg(FR-8)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-6为Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gly-Arg(IR-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-7为Lys-Asp-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys(KK-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-8为Pro-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro(PP-9)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-9为Ile-Pro-Ile-Pro-Ala-Thr-Lys-Thr(IT-8)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。图2-10为Ser-Glu-Ala-Ser-Asn-Asn-Lys(SK-7)的UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS结构鉴定图。横坐标表示离子的质荷比(m/z)值,从左到右质荷比的值增大,对于带有单电荷的离子,横坐标表示的数值即为离子的质量;纵坐标表示离子流的强度,通常用相对强度来表示,即把最强的离子流强度定为100%,其它离子流的强度以其百分数表示,有时也以所有被记录离子的总离子流强度作为100%,各种离子以其所占的百分数来表示。(7)将鲜味肽溶液添加0.35%的谷氨酸钠进行鲜味协同增鲜,鲜味得到显著的提升。
感官评估小组由三名男子和三名女子(19至28岁)组成,他们经过培训可以识别基本口味。团队成员合成肽与MSG协同溶液的鲜味进行评价,使用0.35%的味精溶液作为对照,并记录为5分,重复上述品尝过程并记录分数。
图3为呈味肽的鲜味评价图。电子舌数据由主成分分析(PCA)方法处理,以负荷系数图表示,主成分得分通过散点图表示,其中每个点代表样本,且点之间的距离表示样本之间的特征值差异大小。图3横纵坐标分别代表PC1和PC2,累计贡献率为75.33%。图中0.1%-0.5%MSG为鲜味评价标准曲线,10种鲜味肽鲜味强度排列为:AL-6>HE-8>SK-7>AR-7>PP-9>FR-8>KK-7>GQ-6>IR-7>IT-8。
肽与味精协同作用,电子舌和感觉评估的结果相似。10个肽的协同作用都很强,而GQ-6和IR-7的协同新鲜作用最为显著。GQ-6和IR-7在10种肽中的鲜味没有显示出更好的味道,但是当它们与MSG结合使用时,它们的鲜味表现出了更好的味道。
鲜味评价图见附件图4,图4呈味肽与0.35%MSG协同作用的鲜味评价图。电子舌数据由主成分分析(PCA)方法处理,以负荷系数图表示,主成分得分通过散点图表示,其中每个点代表样本,且点之间的距离表示样本之间的特征值差异大小。图4横纵坐标分别代表PC1和PC2,累计贡献率为65.35%。图中0.1%-0.5%MSG为鲜味评价标准曲线,10种与0.35%MSG协同的鲜味肽鲜味强度排列为:AL-6>HE-8>GQ-6>SK-7>IR-7>AR-7>FR-8>KK-7>PP-9>IT-8.10个肽与MSG协同后,鲜味都强于0.5%的谷氨酸钠,其中GQ-6和IR-7的协同新鲜作用最为显著。
(8)均质。
(9)浓缩干燥:根据产品开发需要可采取不同工艺,对调配液进行浓缩,冷冻干燥制备呈味肽粉。
实施例2
(1)以鸡碎肉为原料,过绞肉机,之后加水,料液比为1.5:1(m:v),即鸡碎肉与水的用量之比为1.5g:1mL。
(2)添加鸡碎肉质量的0.1%的风味蛋白酶,54℃,pH值为6.0-8.0条件下酶解1.5h,加入鸡肉质量0.25%的复合蛋白酶酶解2.5h,90℃灭酶15min,得到鸡肉酶解液。
(3)过滤:采用逐级过筛对酶解液进行过滤,使得滤液与滤渣进行分离,取滤液,冻干,得到冻干的酶解产物。
(4)将冻干的酶解产物进行葡聚糖凝胶分离纯化,通过电子舌、感官评价选取鲜味最强组份,冻干,得到冻干的凝胶组分。
葡聚糖凝胶规格为G-15,洗脱剂为水,流速为1ml/min,进样浓度200mg/ml,波长220nm。
(5)将冻干的凝胶组分进行液相分离,选取最鲜组份,冻干,得到冻干的液相分离组份。
液相分离使用C18柱的Agilent Technologies Ultra Performance LCTM系统中进行进一步的肽分析。每次洗脱取1微升肽样品(10mg/mL)。流速为1.0mL/min。流动相B为含0.05-0.2%(v/v)三氟乙酸(TFA)的乙腈,流动相A为含0.05-0.2%(v/v)三氟乙酸(TFA)的超纯水。柱温为30℃,在215nm处测定洗脱峰。
(6)将冻干的液相分离组份进行质谱分离鉴定,得到序列1~10的鲜味肽序列。
质谱分离采用沃特世公司NanoAquity系列超高压液相色谱与热电公司Q-Exactive系列四级杆-静电场轨道阱质谱(Quadrupole-Orbitrap)联用。样品使用20μL流动相A(体积百分数0.1%甲酸水溶液)溶解上样10μL,肽段在10μL/min流速下被捕集柱(PepMap C18,100μm x 2cm)捕集3分钟,随后肽段在纳升级分析柱(PepMap C18,75μmx25cm)上进行梯度洗脱色谱分离。色谱流速为280nL/min,色谱柱柱温为42℃。
(7)将鲜味肽溶液添加0.7%的NaCl进行鲜味协同增鲜。
(8)均质。
(9)浓缩干燥:根据产品开发需要可采取不同工艺,对调配液进行浓缩,冷冻干燥制备呈味肽粉。
实施例3
(1)将合成的十条多肽序列,进行降血压功能筛选。
(2)兼具ACE抑制活性的肽的活性检测,包括以下步骤:
在离心管中加入80μL 5mmol/L HHL(马尿酰-组氨酰-亮氨酸)(溶于HEPES缓冲液,PH8.3)和30μL不同浓度的样品溶液(溶于双蒸水),混合后置于37℃水浴5min,再加入40μL0.025U/mL ACE(溶于HEPES缓冲液,PH8.3),37℃孵育1h,然后加入150μL 1M盐酸终止反应。空白组在加入ACE的同时加入盐酸,对照组使用30μL双蒸水代替样品溶液,卡托普利(10ng/mL)作为阳性对照。反应完成后用RP-HPLC检测样品中马尿酸(HA)的含量,通过与马尿酸标准品峰面积比较计算得出检测样品中马尿酸含量。色谱条件:色谱柱(CAPCELL PAK C18 AQS-5,4.6*150mm),柱温30℃,流动相A:水+0.2%三氟乙酸,流动相C:乙腈,流动相比例A:C=80%:20%,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长:228nm,进样体积100μL,分析时间10min。
抑制率I%=([HA]b-[HA]s)/([HA]b-[HA]c)×100%,其中[HA]b表示对照组的马尿酸峰面积,[HA]s表示样品的马尿酸峰面积,[HA]c表示的空白组的马尿酸峰面积。
(1)根据十条肽序列活性测定结果表明,IT-8、AL-6、IR-7,在存在鲜味及鲜味增强的前提下具有较高的ACE抑制活性。这三条序列为具有一定降血压功能的鲜味肽。
(2)功能评价结果见附件图5,图中活性最好的呈味肽IT-8消化前的降血压抑制率为72.56%,消化后的抑制率为54.1%。IT-8、AL-6、IR-7具有较高的ACE抑制活性,GQ-6、PP-9消化后的抑制率显著增高。
实施例4
(1)将合成的十条多肽序列,进行二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-IV)抑制活性检测。
(2)兼具DPP-IV抑制活性的肽的活性检测,包括以下步骤:
用DPP-IV抑制剂筛选试剂盒(MAK203,sigma)按照制造商的说明书进行检测,西他列汀(sitagliptin)为阳性对照。
1.样品制备:配制4×的肽水溶液,用DPP-IV分析缓冲液将样品稀释4倍至最终测试浓度,吸取25μL加入96孔板中。
2.抑制反应液:将DPP-IV酶与DPP-IV分析缓冲液按体积比1:49稀释。反应体系中每孔加50μL,吹打混匀后37℃孵育10min。空白组加入50μL DPP-IV分析缓冲液。
3.酶反应液:DPP-IV底物DPP-IV分析缓冲液与按体积比2:23稀释。孵育完成后反应体系中每孔加入25μL,吹打混匀后检测荧光值。用Bioeksynergy2(BioTek,美国)360nm的激发波长和460nm的发射波长记录荧光强度,每分钟测量一次,连续检测30min。
4.结果计算:在结果图的线性范围内选择两个时间点(T1和T2),测定荧光值(FLU1和FLU2),并用此确定图的斜率(Δflu/minute)。
Slope=(FLU2–FLU1)/(T2–T1)=ΔFLU/minute
抑制率=(SlopeEC–SlopeSM)/SlopeEC*100%
其中,SlopeSM为样品的斜率;SlopeEC为对照的斜率。
(3)根据十条肽序列活性测定结果表明,IT-8在存在鲜味及鲜味增强的前提下具有较高的DPP-IV抑制活性,具有一定的降血糖功能,而IT-8也有一定的降血压功能,所以IT-8是具有一定降血压降血糖功能的鲜味肽。
功能评价结果见附件图6,由图可见,图中活性最好的呈味肽IT-8消化前的降血糖抑制率为39.78%,消化后的抑制率为78.65%。IT-8较于其他9种鲜味肽,具有较高的DPP-IV抑制活性,并且消化后活性显著增增高。
上述说明并非对本发明的限制,本发明也并不限于上述举例。本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内,做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种鲜味肽,特征在于,其氨基酸序列为以下十种:
序列1:His-Gly-Glu-Asp-Lys-Glu-Gly-Glu;
序列2:Gly-Phe-leu-Gly-Pro-Gln;
序列3:Ala-Asp-Gly-Leu-Trp-Leu;
序列4:Ile-Pro-Ile-Pro-Ala-Thr-Lys-Thr;
序列5:Ser-Glu-Ala-Ser-Asn-Asn-Lys;
序列6:Phe-Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg;
序列7:Lys-Asp-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly-Lys;
序列8:Pro-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro-Ala-Gly-Pro;
序列9:Ala-Gly-Asp-Asp-Ala-Pro-Arg;
序列10:Ile-Gly-Pro-Gly-Leu-Gly-Arg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鲜味肽的制备方法,特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)以鸡碎肉为原料,过绞肉机,之后加水,添加蛋白酶进行酶解,灭酶,得到鸡肉酶解液;
(2)过滤:采用逐级过筛对鸡肉酶解液进行过滤,使得滤液与滤渣进行分离,取滤液,冻干,得到冻干的酶解产物;
(3)将冻干的酶解产物进行葡聚糖凝胶分离纯化,通过电子舌选取鲜味最强组份,冻干,得到冻干的凝胶组分;
(4)将冻干的凝胶组分进行液相分离,选取最鲜组份,冻干,得到冻干的液相分离组份;
(5)将冻干的液相分离组份进行质谱分离鉴定,得到序列1~10的鲜味肽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的鲜味肽的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的鸡碎肉与水的用量比为0.5~3g:0.5~7.5mL。
4.根据权利要求2所述的鲜味肽的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述蛋白酶为复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶,其中,所述的复合蛋白酶加酶量为鸡碎肉质量的0.20-0.5%,所述的风味蛋白酶加酶量为鸡碎肉质量的0.05-0.4%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的鲜味肽的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述风味蛋白酶酶解1.5-2h,所述的复合蛋白酶酶解2.5-3.5h。
6.根据权利要求2所述的鲜味肽的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述的葡聚糖凝胶规格为G-15,洗脱剂为水,流速为0.1-1ml/min,进样浓度20-200mg/ml,波长200~240nm。
7.根据权利要求2所述的鲜味肽的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(4)中,液相分离使用C18柱,流速为0.2-1.0mL/min,流动相B为乙腈,流动相A为含体积百分数0.05-0.2%三氟乙酸的超纯水,柱温为25-30℃,洗脱波长为210~220nm。
8.根据权利要求2所述的鲜味肽的制备方法,特征在于,步骤(5)中,质谱分离使用超高压液相色谱与四级杆-静电场轨道阱质谱联用,流动相A为体积百分数0.05~0.5%甲酸水溶液,色谱流速为250-300nL/min,色谱柱柱温为40-45℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的鲜味肽在制备鸡肉鲜味基料中的应用。
10.根据权利要求1所述的鲜味肽在制备降血压降血糖保健食品中的应用。
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CN114468311A (zh) * | 2022-03-24 | 2022-05-13 | 上海市农业科学院 | 一种大球盖菇风味活性肽基料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114468311B (zh) * | 2022-03-24 | 2023-12-29 | 上海市农业科学院 | 一种大球盖菇风味活性肽基料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN114504097A (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-05-17 | 北京工商大学 | 一种鲜味肽、包含其的组合物和用途 |
CN114504097B (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-08-19 | 北京工商大学 | 一种鲜味肽、包含其的组合物和用途 |
CN115124598A (zh) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-30 | 中国农业大学 | 一种鲜味肽及其制备方法与应用 |
CN115894657A (zh) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-04-04 | 江苏兴野食品有限公司 | 一种鲜味肽及其应用 |
CN115894657B (zh) * | 2022-06-23 | 2023-10-24 | 江苏兴野食品有限公司 | 一种鲜味肽及其应用 |
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