CN111952413B - Manufacturing method of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN111952413B CN111952413B CN202010818105.3A CN202010818105A CN111952413B CN 111952413 B CN111952413 B CN 111952413B CN 202010818105 A CN202010818105 A CN 202010818105A CN 111952413 B CN111952413 B CN 111952413B
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
At least some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: providing a transparent front plate; providing a back plate; providing a battery layer between the front plate and the back plate, the battery layer comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array and configured to receive light and generate power; and providing a thermally conductive layer on a surface of the side of the back plate facing away from the battery layer. The method reduces the manufacturing cost of the heat conducting layer and facilitates the formation and later maintenance of the heat conducting layer.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module.
Background
The hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module refers to the phenomenon that under certain conditions, the shaded solar cell units in the series branch are used as loads to consume energy generated by other solar cell units which are illuminated, and the shaded solar cell units generate heat at the moment. For large-size photovoltaic modules, the hot spot temperature can reach over 170 degrees.
The damage caused by the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module is great, and the shielded photovoltaic module consumes part of energy or all energy generated by the illuminated photovoltaic module, so that the output power is reduced, and the solar battery unit is seriously and permanently damaged, and even the battery unit is burnt. Therefore, lowering the hot spot temperature of large-sized components is an urgent problem to be solved.
Currently, in order to reduce the hot spot temperature, existing photovoltaic modules employ an aluminum back sheet structure with a thermally conductive layer such as an aluminum film to dissipate heat. However, the conventional method for manufacturing the heat conductive layer has the following problems: the manufacturing procedure of the heat conduction layer is complex, the cost is high, the heat conduction layer is difficult to be economically and conveniently combined with the manufacturing process of the existing photovoltaic module, and the later maintenance of the heat conduction layer is inconvenient.
Further, in recent years, with the increase in power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules, a bifacial photovoltaic cell unit, that is, a photovoltaic cell unit that can generate power not only by receiving sunlight at the front side of the photovoltaic cell but also by receiving reflected light or scattered light at the back side of the photovoltaic cell, has been increasingly employed. A back plate structure having a heat conductive layer such as an aluminum film has not been used. Therefore, the heat dissipation performance of such a bifacial photovoltaic module needs to be improved.
Accordingly, there is an urgent need to provide a novel structure to overcome the problems currently encountered.
Disclosure of Invention
At least some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module, comprising the steps of: providing a transparent front plate; providing a back plate; providing a battery layer between the front plate and the back plate, the battery layer comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array and configured to receive light and generate power; and providing a thermally conductive layer on a surface of the back plate on a side facing away from the battery layer.
The heat conducting layer is beneficial to conducting and radiating heat from the position where the hot spot occurs in time when the hot spot occurs in the photovoltaic module, so that the temperature of the hot spot of the photovoltaic module is reduced, and the reliability of the photovoltaic module is improved. Because the heat conduction layer is provided on the surface of the side, facing away from the battery layer, of the back plate instead of between the front plate and the back plate, the manufacturing cost of the heat conduction layer is reduced, and the formation and the later maintenance of the heat conduction layer are facilitated.
For example, in some embodiments, the method of making further comprises: laminating a laminate structure comprising the front plate, the battery layer and the back plate, wherein the thermally conductive layer is provided after the lamination.
Since the heat conductive layer is provided after lamination, the photovoltaic module with the heat conductive layer can be formed by directly adding a process for manufacturing the heat conductive layer to the existing production process, thereby being beneficial to combining the manufacturing process of the heat conductive layer with the existing process conveniently and at low cost.
For example, in some embodiments, providing the thermally conductive layer comprises: coating a heat conducting layer solution containing heat conducting particles on the surface of the side, facing away from the battery layer, of the back plate; and drying the heat conducting layer solution to form a heat conducting layer on the surface of the back plate.
The heat-conducting layer is formed by coating the heat-conducting layer solution and drying the heat-conducting layer solution, so that the manufacturing and the later maintenance of the heat-conducting layer on the laminated structure are simplified, and the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module is reduced.
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive layer solution is coated onto the surface of the backsheet by any one or combination of screen printing, roll coating, spray coating, lift-off, spin coating, slot coating, ultrasonic atomization.
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive particles include one or more of aluminum particles, silver particles, copper particles, and gold particles.
These metal particles have good heat transfer properties, are easy to coat and are low cost. In addition, the formed heat conducting layer with aluminum particles can reflect light, so that the light can be reflected back to the front side of the battery unit, and the front side power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is enhanced.
For example, in some embodiments, providing the thermally conductive layer comprises: a thermally conductive layer is bonded to the surface of the back plate on a side facing away from the battery layer by a thermally conductive layer bonding layer.
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive layer bonding layer is an epoxy resin, an acrylic resin, an amino resin, or a silicone.
Therefore, the heat conductive layer can be easily bonded to the back plate by the heat conductive layer bonding layer at normal temperature.
For example, in some embodiments, the method of making further comprises: providing a thermally conductive layer bonding layer between the thermally conductive layer and the surface of the back plate; providing a first adhesive layer between the front plate and the battery layer; providing a second adhesive layer between the backsheet and the battery layer; and laminating a laminated structure including the front plate, the first adhesive layer, the battery layer, the second adhesive layer, the back plate, the heat conductive layer adhesive layer, and the heat conductive layer in this order.
The front plate, the first bonding layer, the battery layer, the second bonding layer, the back plate, the heat conducting layer bonding layer and the heat conducting layer are simultaneously laminated together to form the photovoltaic module, so that the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module is simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the heat conducting layer is combined with the existing manufacturing process economically and conveniently.
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive layer bonding layer is EVA or POE.
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive layer is a sheet containing thermally conductive particles.
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive layer is provided such that it includes a skeleton portion and a hollowed portion surrounded by the skeleton portion, and at least a portion of the skeleton portion overlaps with a gap between adjacent battery cells in a thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, the hollowed portion overlapping with the battery cells.
Since the formed heat conductive layer includes a skeleton portion extending at least partially along the gap between adjacent cells and a hollowed-out portion overlapping the battery cells. Therefore, on one hand, the heat at the battery unit can be conducted away along the framework part of the heat conducting layer to reduce the temperature at the hot spots, and on the other hand, the light can be allowed to penetrate the photovoltaic module through the hollowed-out part of the heat conducting layer, so that the influence on the illumination quantity of the back surface of the photovoltaic module is reduced. The stability of the photovoltaic module is improved while the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is ensured, especially for a double-sided photovoltaic module.
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive layer is provided such that the at least a portion of the backbone portion overlaps an edge of the battery cell in a thickness direction of the photovoltaic module.
Overlapping at least a portion of the backbone portion with the edges of the battery cells is advantageous for more efficient heat conduction away.
For example, in some embodiments, the skeletal section includes a plurality of first strip-shaped heat conducting sections extending in a first direction and a plurality of second strip-shaped heat conducting sections extending in a second direction that intersects the first direction.
The skeleton portion having the first strip-shaped heat conductive portion and the second strip-shaped heat conductive portion is more advantageous in conducting heat away and in efficiently performing the step of providing the heat conductive layer (e.g., coating, pasting, etc.).
For example, in some embodiments, the thermally conductive layer is provided such that the backbone portion includes a plurality of sub-strip thermally conductive portions overlapping the battery cells, the plurality of sub-strip thermally conductive portions overlapping the primary grid of the battery cells.
Therefore, the heat at the main grid can be conducted out better.
At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a photovoltaic module fabricated by the fabrication method as described above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view of a thermally conductive layer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the thermally conductive layer of fig. 3;
Fig. 5 illustrates a plan view of a thermally conductive layer according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 illustrates a plan view of a thermally conductive layer according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 7 illustrates a plan view of a thermally conductive layer according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a double sided battery cell.
Detailed Description
Photovoltaic modules are generally plate-like or sheet-like, which extend substantially in a plane and have a certain thickness. For convenience and clarity in describing the photovoltaic module according to the present disclosure, a direction perpendicular to a plane in which the photovoltaic module extends is defined as a "thickness direction". In the following description and in the appended claims, a feature is "in thermal communication" or "thermally coupled" with another feature to include not only the one feature being in thermal communication with the other feature, but also an intermediate feature between the one feature and the other feature through which heat from the one feature is transferred to the other feature, the heat transfer including not only heat conduction, but also various forms of heat transfer including heat radiation, heat convection, and the like, and the invention is not limited to any particular form.
A photovoltaic module generally includes a back sheet, a front sheet, and a cell layer disposed between the back sheet and the front sheet. The back sheet, front sheet and battery layer are laminated to form a laminated structure. The laminated structure may then be subjected to processes such as circuit routing, framing, etc., to form a photovoltaic module. In the battery layer, a plurality of battery cells are arranged in an array. The battery cell may be a single sided battery cell or a double sided battery cell. A single-sided battery cell is a battery cell that can receive light from only one side and convert the light into electric power. The double sided battery cell is a battery cell capable of receiving light from both sides and converting the light into electric power. The photovoltaic module including the double-sided battery cell can receive not only direct irradiation of sunlight from one side (i.e., the front side) to convert it into electric power, but also light such as reflected light or scattered light from the ground from the other side (i.e., the rear side), thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module. For example, fig. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a double sided battery cell. As shown, the double sided battery cell includes a silicon substrate 144, a metal front electrode 141, a front surface anti-reflection film 142, a boron doped emission layer 143, an n-type silicon layer 144, a phosphorus doped back field (BSF) layer 145, a back anti-reflection film 146, and a metal back electrode 147. The battery cells may have other configurations as well, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
As mentioned above, the photovoltaic module may generate hot spots that damage the photovoltaic module, and it is necessary to reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic module when the hot spots occur, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.
In one aspect, to reduce hot spot temperature, photovoltaic modules employ an aluminum backsheet structure with a thermally conductive layer such as an aluminum film to dissipate heat. However, the manufacturing process of the heat conductive layer is complicated, the cost is high, it is difficult to be economically and conveniently combined with the manufacturing process of the existing photovoltaic module, and the post maintenance of the heat conductive layer is inconvenient.
On the other hand, in recent years, as the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules increases, bifacial photovoltaic cells have been increasingly employed. However, since the aluminum layer is opaque, shielding of the aluminum layer will affect the power generation of the back side of the double sided cell of the photovoltaic module when the double sided cell is employed by the photovoltaic module.
The manufacturing method of the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the disclosure comprises the following steps: providing a transparent front plate; providing a back plate; providing a battery layer between the front plate and the back plate, the battery layer comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array and configured to receive light and generate power; and providing a thermally conductive layer on a surface of the back plate on a side facing away from the battery layer.
The heat conducting layer is beneficial to conducting and radiating heat from the position where the hot spot occurs in time when the hot spot occurs in the photovoltaic module, so that the temperature of the hot spot of the photovoltaic module is reduced, and the reliability of the photovoltaic module is improved. Because the heat conduction layer is provided on the surface of one side of the backboard, which is far away from the battery layer, instead of the heat conduction layer between the front board and the backboard, the formation and the later maintenance of the heat conduction layer are convenient, and the manufacturing cost of the heat conduction layer is reduced.
For example, the formed heat conductive layer is in a mesh shape, and includes a skeleton portion and a hollowed portion surrounded by the skeleton portion, and in the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, at least a part of the skeleton portion overlaps with a gap between adjacent battery cells in the battery layer, and the hollowed portion overlaps with the battery cells.
Therefore, on one hand, the heat at the battery unit can be conducted away along the framework part of the heat conducting layer to reduce the temperature at the hot spots, and on the other hand, the light can be allowed to penetrate the photovoltaic module through the hollowed-out part of the heat conducting layer, so that the influence on the illumination quantity of the back surface of the photovoltaic module is reduced. The stability of the photovoltaic module is improved while the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module is ensured.
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the photovoltaic module includes a laminate structure and a thermally conductive layer 130. The laminated structure includes a front plate 150, a first adhesive layer 122, a battery layer 140, a second adhesive layer 121, and a back plate 110. The battery layer 140 includes a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array and configured to receive light and generate power. The battery layer 140 is bonded to the front plate 150 by the first adhesive layer 122 and to the back plate 110 by the second adhesive layer 121, and then a laminated structure is formed by laminating the front plate 150, the first adhesive layer 122, the battery layer 140, the second adhesive layer 121, and the back plate 110. The heat conductive layer 130 is formed on a surface of the back plate 110 on a side facing away from the battery layer 140. Accordingly, the heat conductive layer 130 may be formed on the outer surface of the laminated structure after the laminated structure is formed. Thus, the formation step of the heat conductive layer 130 can be easily and economically combined with existing manufacturing lines. In addition, maintenance and repair (e.g., repair) of the thermally conductive layer 130 may be facilitated after the photovoltaic module is put into service.
For example, the front plate 150 may be a transparent glass plate. The backing sheet 110 may be a glass sheet or may be a composite sheet such as one including an insulating barrier layer, a fluorine-containing weatherable layer, an adhesive layer, and a transitional bonding layer. For example, the fluorine-containing weathering layer may be a fluorine film such as PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) film, TEDLAR (registered trademark) film (polyvinyl fluoride film), fluorocarbon resin, or the like. For example, the adhesive layer may be polyurethane or the like. For example, the insulating barrier layer may be PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or the like. For example, the transitional bonding layer may be EVA, POE, LDPE (low density polyethylene), PVDF film, TEDLAR film, or may be a fluororesin such as a fluorocarbon resin, or the like. The battery cell may be a single-sided battery cell or a double-sided battery cell. The first adhesive layer 122 and the second adhesive layer 121 may be EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), POE (polyethylene-octene elastomer), or the like.
The manufacturing method for manufacturing the photovoltaic module can comprise the following steps: providing a transparent front plate 150; providing a back plate 110; providing a battery layer 140 between the front plate 150 and the back plate 110; laminating a laminated structure including the front plate 150, the battery layer 140, and the back plate 110 to form a laminated structure; and after lamination, providing a thermally conductive layer 130 on a surface of the back plate 110 on a side facing away from the battery layer 140.
Specifically, providing the thermally conductive layer 130 may include: coating a heat conductive layer solution containing heat conductive particles on a surface of the back plate 110 on a side facing away from the battery layer 140; and drying the heat conductive layer solution to form the heat conductive layer 130.
The thermally conductive particles may include, for example, one or more of aluminum particles, silver particles, copper particles, and gold particles, which have good thermal conductivity and are easily uniformly coated. In addition, the thermally conductive particles may also include silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, boron carbide, and the like.
In one example, the thermally conductive layer solution may include a curing component and a diluting component. The curing component may include a rheology aid, an acrylic resin, an amino resin, a first solvent, a cellulose acetate butyrate solution, and a leveling agent. The diluent component may include a second solvent and an isocyanate. The rheological aid has an orientation effect on the aluminum particles and can be, for example, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer dispersion liquid or a polyolefin anti-settling agent. The first solvent may be, for example, an alcohol ether-type organic solvent containing a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group. The second solvent may be aliphatic, ketone, glycol ether, glycol ester or aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
For example, the heat conductive layer solution may be applied to the surface of the back plate 110 by any one of screen printing, roll coating, spray coating, lift-off, spin coating, slot method (coating method of pressing out solution along a die gap and transferring it onto a moving substrate), ultrasonic atomization, or a combination thereof.
In addition, the manufacturing method can further comprise the following steps: providing a first adhesive layer 122; a second adhesive layer 121 is provided. And the above lamination step is to laminate a laminate structure including the front plate 150, the first adhesive layer 122, the battery layer 140, the second adhesive layer 121, and the back plate 110 in this order.
In the present embodiment, the heat conductive layer solution is directly coated on the laminate structure including the front plate 150, the back plate 110, and the battery layer 140 to form the heat conductive layer 130. Therefore, the photovoltaic module having the heat conductive layer 130 can be formed by directly adding a process for manufacturing the heat conductive layer 130 to the existing production process, thereby combining the manufacturing process of the heat conductive layer 130 with the existing process conveniently and at low cost. In addition, since the heat conductive layer 130 is directly formed on the laminate structure, not inside the laminate structure, it facilitates the long-term maintenance of the photovoltaic module at a later stage. In addition, the heat conductive layer 130 is formed by coating the heat conductive layer solution and drying the heat conductive layer solution, so that the manufacturing and the later maintenance of the heat conductive layer 130 on the laminated structure are simplified, and the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic module is reduced.
Fig. 2 illustrates a plan view of the thermally conductive layer 130 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 2, the heat conductive layer 130 may cover substantially the entire surface of the back plate 110.
Fig. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 shows a plan view of the heat conductive layer 230 in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the photovoltaic module includes a front sheet 150, a first adhesive layer 222, a battery layer 240, a second adhesive layer 221, a back sheet 210, and a heat conductive layer 230. In this embodiment, the heat conducting layer 230 is in a mesh shape, and includes a skeleton portion 230a and a hollowed-out portion 230b surrounded by the skeleton portion 230 a. For example, the skeleton portion 230a is formed by solution-coating a heat conductive layer and drying. In the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, at least a portion of the backbone portion 230a overlaps with the gaps between the battery cells and the edges of the adjacent battery cells, thereby forming good thermal communication with the battery cells, while the hollowed-out portion 230b overlaps with the battery cells. However, the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments, at least a portion of the backbone portion 230a may not overlap the edges of adjacent cells.
In one aspect, when hot spots occur, the temperature of the battery cells at which the hot spots occur is, for example, 105 ℃ or higher, and the temperature of the battery cells at the periphery is, for example, about 60 ℃, and due to the presence of a temperature gradient, heat will be thermally conductively diffused from a high temperature region to a low temperature region at the hot spots through the skeletal part 230a of the heat conductive layer 230, thereby reducing the temperature at the hot spots. On the other hand, in the case that the battery unit of the photovoltaic module adopts the double-sided battery unit, light may pass through the hollowed-out portion 230b of the heat conducting layer 230 and be transmitted through the photovoltaic module, so that the influence of the heat conducting layer 230 on the illumination quantity of the back surface of the photovoltaic module is reduced, and the back surface generating capacity of the photovoltaic module is ensured.
In the present embodiment, the skeleton portion 230a of the heat conductive layer 230 includes a plurality of first strip-shaped heat conductive portions 232 extending in a first direction (up-down direction in fig. 4) and a plurality of second strip-shaped heat conductive portions 233 extending in a second direction (left-right direction in fig. 4) perpendicular to the first direction, the first strip-shaped heat conductive portions 232 and the second strip-shaped heat conductive portions 233 forming a mesh shape. As shown in fig. 3, in the lamination direction of the photovoltaic module, the first or second strip-shaped heat conductive portions 232 or 233 of the heat conductive layer 230 overlap with the gaps between the adjacent battery cells. That is, the first and second bar-shaped heat conductive parts 232 and 233 are arranged to extend along the gaps between the adjacent battery cells. And the hollowed-out portion 230b of the heat conductive layer 230 formed between the first and second bar-shaped heat conductive portions 232 and 233 overlaps the battery cells in the lamination direction. Accordingly, the heat conductive layer 230 can reduce the influence on the light transmission photovoltaic module and the back power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module while conducting heat at the battery cells.
In the present embodiment, in order to be able to better conduct heat at the battery cells of the battery layer 240 out, the first and second strip-shaped heat conductive portions 232 and 233 of the heat conductive layer 230 may be arranged to overlap with edges of the battery cells adjacent thereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in other embodiments, the first and second thermally conductive strip portions 232 and 233 may not overlap the edges of adjacent cells.
In some embodiments, to ensure good thermal conductivity, the thickness of the thermally conductive layer 230 may be in the range of 0.01-1 mm. Further, the widths of the first and second strip-shaped heat conductive portions 232 and 233 may be in the range of 5-50 mm.
In addition, when the heat conductive layer 230 includes metal particles such as aluminum particles, silver particles, copper particles, and gold particles, the heat conductive layer 230 can reflect light. Accordingly, the light irradiated onto the heat conductive layer 230 can be reflected to be irradiated to the front side of the battery cell, enhancing the front power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
Fig. 5-7 illustrate plan views of thermally conductive layers 230',230", 230'" according to other embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the heat conductive layer 230' has a "rice" shaped mesh pattern. As shown in fig. 6, the thermally conductive layer 230 "is in a honeycomb mesh pattern. As shown in fig. 7, the heat conductive layer 230' "is in a grid-like mesh pattern. The patterns shown in fig. 5 to 7 add a frame portion overlapping the battery cells on the basis of the first and second bar-shaped heat conductive portions 132 and 133 shown in fig. 4. The rectangular mesh pattern shown in fig. 4 has less influence on the back side power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and the heat conductive layers 230',230", 230'" shown in fig. 5 to 7 have a larger overlapping area with the battery cells, so that the heat conductive efficiency is higher. The specific pattern of the thermally conductive layer may be designed according to different needs.
The heat conductive layer 230' "shown in fig. 7 is in a grid-like mesh pattern, and a light shielding region of which a skeleton portion overlaps with the battery cell includes a plurality of sub-strip-shaped heat conductive portions 234, and the plurality of sub-strip-shaped heat conductive portions 234 preferably overlap with the main grid of the battery cell. Since the plurality of sub-strip-shaped heat conductive parts 234 overlap with the main grid of the battery cell, they can rapidly conduct heat at the main grid, so that the phenomenon of melting solder at the main grid due to local overheating can be maximally reduced. Here, the main grid is a bus line connected to the fine grid (e.g., front electrode, back electrode of the battery cell) to collect current from the fine grid.
Fig. 8 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 8, unlike the embodiment shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the heat conductive layer 330 is bonded to the surface of the back plate 310 on the side facing away from the battery layer 340 by a heat conductive layer adhesive layer. As shown in fig. 8, the photovoltaic module includes a front sheet 350, a first adhesive layer 322, a battery layer 340, a second adhesive layer 321, a back sheet 310, a thermally conductive layer adhesive layer 331, and a thermally conductive layer 330.
Since the heat conductive layer is formed on the surface of the back sheet 310 on the side facing away from the battery layer 340, maintenance and repair (e.g., repair) of the heat conductive layer 330 can be facilitated after the photovoltaic module is put into use.
The thermally conductive layer 330 may be, for example, a sheet containing thermally conductive particles, such as a foil of aluminum, silver, gold, copper, or alloys thereof. In the embodiment shown in fig. 8, similar to the thermally conductive layer 130 shown in fig. 2, the thermally conductive layer 330 may cover substantially the entire surface of the backplate 310. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the thermally conductive layer 330 may have other patterns, for example, patterns similar to the thermally conductive layers 230, 230',230", 230'" shown in fig. 4-7.
In an embodiment, a method for fabricating a photovoltaic module, such as the one described above, may include: providing a transparent front plate 350; providing a back plate 310; providing a battery layer 340 between the front plate 350 and the back plate 310; laminating a laminate structure including the front plate 350, the battery layer 340, and the back plate 310 to form a laminate structure; and after lamination, a thermally conductive layer 330 is provided on the surface of the back plate 310 on the side facing away from the battery layer 340. Specifically, providing the thermally conductive layer includes: the heat conductive layer 330 is bonded to the surface of the back plate 310 on the side facing away from the battery layer 340 by a heat conductive layer bonding layer 331.
For example, the heat conductive adhesive layer 331 may be epoxy resin, acrylic resin, amino resin, or silicone. Such a heat conductive layer adhesive layer 331 can adhere the heat conductive layer 330 such as aluminum foil to the back plate 310 at normal temperature, facilitating the formation of the heat conductive layer 330. In addition, since the heat conductive layer 330 is formed after lamination, the photovoltaic module having the heat conductive layer 330 can be formed by directly adding a process for manufacturing the heat conductive layer 330 to the existing production process, thereby combining the manufacturing process of the heat conductive layer 330 with the existing process conveniently and at low cost.
In an embodiment, a method for fabricating a photovoltaic module, such as the one described above, may include: providing a transparent front plate 350; providing a back plate 310; providing a battery layer 340 between the front plate 350 and the back plate 310; providing a thermally conductive layer 330; a thermally conductive layer adhesive layer 331 is provided between the thermally conductive layer 330 and a surface of the back plate 310 facing away from the battery layer 340; and a laminated structure including a front plate 350, a battery layer 340, a back plate 310, a heat conductive layer adhesive layer 331, and a heat conductive layer 330 in this order. Here, during lamination, the heat conductive layer adhesive layer 331 is melted due to high temperature, and the heat conductive layer 330 is adhered to the back plate 310 by means of heat fusion welding using the heat conductive layer adhesive layer 331. For example, the heat-conducting layer adhesive layer 331 may be a photovoltaic module packaging adhesive film such as EVA or POE or other adhesive materials, so long as the lamination processing temperature ranges of the materials of the heat-conducting layer adhesive layer 331 and the first adhesive layer 322 and the second adhesive layer 321 are the same, so that lamination processing is facilitated.
In addition, a first adhesive layer 322 may be provided between the front plate 350 and the battery layer 340, a second adhesive layer 321 may be provided between the back plate 310 and the battery layer 340, and the first adhesive layer 322 and the second adhesive layer 321 may be simultaneously laminated in the above lamination process.
Here, the front plate 350, the first adhesive layer 322, the battery layer 340, the second adhesive layer 321, the back plate 310, the heat conductive layer adhesive layer 3113, and the heat conductive layer 330 are simultaneously laminated together to form the photovoltaic module, which contributes to simplifying the manufacturing process of the photovoltaic module and reducing the manufacturing cost, and to economically and conveniently combining the formation of the heat conductive layer 330 with the existing manufacturing process.
The scope of the present disclosure is defined not by the above-described embodiments but by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (12)
1. A method of making a photovoltaic module, comprising:
Providing a transparent front plate;
providing a back plate;
Providing a battery layer between the front plate and the back plate, the battery layer comprising a plurality of battery cells arranged in an array and configured to receive light and generate power; and
A thermally conductive layer is provided on a surface of the back plate on a side facing away from the battery layer,
The manufacturing method further comprises the following steps:
Laminating a laminate structure including the front plate, the battery layer, and the back plate, wherein,
Coating a heat conductive layer solution containing heat conductive particles on the surface of the side of the back plate facing away from the battery layer after the lamination; and
Drying the heat conductive layer solution to form a heat conductive layer on the surface of the back plate,
The heat conduction layer is provided so as to include a skeleton portion and a hollowed-out portion surrounded by the skeleton portion, and in a thickness direction of the photovoltaic module, at least a part of the skeleton portion overlaps with a gap between adjacent battery cells, and the hollowed-out portion overlaps with the battery cells.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein,
The thermally conductive layer solution is coated onto the surface of the back sheet by any one of screen printing, roll coating, spray coating, lift-off, spin coating, slot method, ultrasonic atomization, or a combination thereof.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein,
The thermally conductive particles include one or more of aluminum particles, silver particles, copper particles, and gold particles.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein,
Providing the thermally conductive layer comprises:
A thermally conductive layer is bonded to the surface of the back plate on a side facing away from the battery layer by a thermally conductive layer bonding layer.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein,
The heat conducting layer adhesive layer is epoxy resin, acrylic resin, amino resin or organic silicon.
6. The method of manufacturing of claim 1, further comprising:
providing a thermally conductive layer bonding layer between the thermally conductive layer and the surface of the back plate;
providing a first adhesive layer between the front plate and the battery layer;
Providing a second adhesive layer between the backsheet and the battery layer; and
The laminate comprises a laminated structure of the front plate, the first bonding layer, the battery layer, the second bonding layer, the back plate, the heat conducting layer bonding layer and the heat conducting layer in sequence.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein,
The heat conducting layer bonding layer is EVA or POE.
8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein,
The thermally conductive layer is a sheet containing thermally conductive particles.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein,
The heat conductive layer is provided such that the at least a portion of the skeleton portion overlaps with an edge of the battery cell in a thickness direction of the photovoltaic module.
10. The method according to claim 1 or 9, wherein,
The skeletal section includes a plurality of first strip-shaped heat conducting sections extending in a first direction and a plurality of second strip-shaped heat conducting sections extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction.
11. The method according to claim 1 or 9, wherein,
The heat conductive layer is provided such that the backbone portion includes a plurality of sub-strip-shaped heat conductive portions overlapping the battery cells, the plurality of sub-strip-shaped heat conductive portions overlapping the main grid of the battery cells.
12. A photovoltaic module fabricated by the fabrication method of any one of claims 1-11.
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| CN202010818105.3A CN111952413B (en) | 2020-08-14 | 2020-08-14 | Manufacturing method of photovoltaic module |
| US17/614,310 US20220320356A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-08-28 | Photovoltaic module, back sheet of photovoltaic module and manufacturing method of photovoltaic module |
| EP20931723.9A EP3971994B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-08-28 | Photovoltaic module, backsheet of photovoltaic module, and method for manufacturing photovoltaic module |
| PCT/CN2020/112082 WO2022016662A1 (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-08-28 | Photovoltaic module, backsheet of photovoltaic module, and method for manufacturing photovoltaic module |
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