CN111948268A - 一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/Go电化学传感器 - Google Patents
一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/Go电化学传感器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于电化学传感器制备技术领域,具体涉及一种β‑环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,将β‑环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料粘附于电极片上制成修饰电极,以修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片电极为辅助电极,构成了电化学传感器,用于检测5‑羟色胺含量,本发明制备的β‑环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器具有比表面积大、电子转移快、催化能力强、分散性佳等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电化学传感器制备技术领域,具体涉及一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器。
背景技术
5-羟色胺是一种非常重要的中枢神经系统的神经递质,广泛存在于哺乳动物体内,对人体各方面具有调节作用,尤其在心脑血管的调节方面,且研究表明中枢神经系统中5-羟色胺的含量异常与抑郁症等疾病密切相关。因此,测定血液、脑脊液中5-羟色胺的含量可为疾病的诊断、治疗等提供科学依据。
目前对5-羟色胺的测定主要采取高效液相色谱法、免疫分析法、荧光法等。然而这些手段通常需要在复杂、昂贵的仪器上进行测定,且操作繁琐、耗时长。电化学方法具有设备简单,检测周期短,操作容易等优点,因而具有更广阔的应用前景。虽目前已有电化学方法检测5-羟色胺,但5-HT氧化过程中产生的自由基以及一些与其共存的生物活性分子(如抗坏血酸(AA)、尿酸(UA)、多巴胺(DA)等)的干扰,都会降低普通电极的检测性能,所以造成电化学传感器灵敏度不高,选择性不强。
三维石墨烯及其功能化复合材料,由于自身多孔的微观结构、高的比表面积和对目标离子或分子的强选择性吸附作用,已经作为电化学生物传感器应用于超灵敏检测生物、化学分子或离子,并表现出优异的传感性能。但由于石墨烯片层之间有强的π-π堆积作用,容易发生团聚现象,导致其在水溶液中的分散性能降低,限制了其在生物分析领域中的广泛应用。专利号CN201610237294.9公开了一种Nafion功能化三维含氮石墨烯/MoS2糊电极的制备方法,并用于同时检测神经递质5-羟色胺和多巴胺。将Nafion功能化三维含氮石墨烯/MoS2复合材料粉末和液体石蜡研磨至均匀的碳糊后,填充到腔体可调的糊电极腔体内,得到Nafion功能化三维含氮石墨烯/MoS2糊电极。在大量的抗坏血酸的存在下,该电极可以选择性的同时测定神经递质5-羟色胺和多巴胺,电位差达到220mV,形成了一种新的检测方法;但该方案制成成本高。
因此,寻找一种灵敏度高、选择性优、制造成本低、循环利用率高、稳定性好的电化学传感器极为重要。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提出了一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,是将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料粘附于电极片上制成修饰电极,以修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片电极为辅助电极,构成了电化学传感器。
所述电极片为碳电极、石墨电极、ITO玻璃电极、丝网印刷碳电极中的任意一种。
所述β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料中磁性纳米粒子为Fe3O4-MnO2。
所述β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料,其制备方法为:
1)磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
以氧化石墨烯、七水硫酸亚铁为原料,以高锰酸钾为氧化剂,经氧化还原反应制得磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)/GO复合材料;
2)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
以磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)/GO复合材料、β-环糊精微反应单体,经交联反应制得β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料。
进一步地,所述β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料,其制备方法为:
1)磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
取浓度为0.2-0.5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液20-50mL,加入七水硫酸亚铁0.2-1.0g,搅拌使得七水硫酸亚铁充分溶解后,水浴加热至70-90℃,在惰性气氛保护下加入氢氧化钠2-10mL,待黄绿色沉淀出现,向其中加入高锰酸钾溶液0.4-0.8mL,待黄绿色沉淀变为棕色溶液,保温2-4h,离心洗涤至中性,于50℃下真空烘干即得;
2)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
称取步骤(1)所得到的磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料0.1-0.2g于40mL水中,加入β-环糊精0.1-0.2g,于58-63℃条件下恒温水浴反应4h,磁分离洗涤,于50℃下真空烘干即得。
本发明的第二目的在于提供前述β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器用于检测5-羟色胺含量。
本发明的第三目的在于提供前述β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器的应用方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步 制作标准曲线及线性方程
将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器置于5-羟色胺溶液中,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定电化学传感器在不同浓度5-羟色胺溶液中最大峰电流密度,列出线性方程;其中,5-羟色胺的线性范围为2×10-9mol/L—1×10-6mol/L;
第二步 分析测定实际样品中5-羟色胺的含量
根据5-羟色胺标准品的线性关系,对待测样品进行测定:将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器置于水样溶液、血清样品溶液中,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定水样及血清样品中5-羟色胺的峰电流密度,然后利用第一步所得的线性方程计算待测样品中5-羟色胺的浓度。
所述5-羟色胺溶液中以pH=5-7的PBS缓冲液为底液。
所述水样溶液是取50-500μL水样置于pH5-7的PBS缓冲液10mL中搅拌均匀而制成。
所述血清样品溶液是取50-500μL血清样品置于pH5-7的PBS缓冲液10mL中搅拌均匀而制成。
有益效果:
本发明制备的β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器具有比表面积大、电子转移快、催化能力强、分散性佳等特点。
本发明采用制备的β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,用于测定5-羟色胺的含量,氧化石墨烯可提高电子传递速度,磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)可增加电极的活化面积,固定β-环糊精。5-羟色胺有羟基和氨基,具有电化学活性,可进入β-环糊精的内腔,实现对5-羟色胺的高灵敏度及高选择性测定。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)/氧化石墨烯(GO)电化学传感器,其制作方法包括如下步骤:
1)磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
在浓度为0.3mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液30mL中加入FeSO4·7H2O 0.3g,搅拌使其溶解,水浴加热至80℃,在惰性气氛保护下加入2mol/LNaOH溶液5mL,溶液中出现黄绿色沉淀,将浓度为0.1mol/L KMnO4溶液0.8mL加入至上述溶液中,溶液由黄绿色变成棕色,保温3小时,离心洗涤至中性,50℃真空烘干备用;
2)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
称取步骤(1)所得到的磁性纳米粒子/氧化石墨烯复合材料0.1g于40mL水中,加入β-环糊精0.1g,60℃下水浴反应4h,磁分离洗涤,50℃真空烘干备用;
3)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)/GO电化学传感器的制备
称取步骤(2)制备的复合材料超声分散于纯水中,得到浓度为5mg/mL、分散均匀的β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO悬浮液;接着,将其滴加到表面抛光、干净干燥的丝网印刷碳电极上,自然晾干,得到修饰电极;以该修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片电极为辅助电极,构成电化学传感器。
实施例2
一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料,其制备方法为:
1)磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
取浓度为0.2mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液20mL,加入七水硫酸亚铁0.2g,搅拌使得七水硫酸亚铁充分溶解后,水浴加热至70℃,在惰性气氛保护下加入2mol/L氢氧化钠2mL,待黄绿色沉淀出现,向其中加入高锰酸钾溶液0.4mL,待黄绿色沉淀变为棕色溶液,保温2h,离心洗涤至中性,于50℃下真空烘干即得;
2)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
称取步骤(1)所得到的磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料0.1g于40mL水中,加入β-环糊精0.1g,于58℃条件下恒温水浴反应4h,磁分离洗涤,于50℃下真空烘干即得。
实施例3
一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料,其制备方法为:
1)磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
取浓度为0.5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液50mL,加入七水硫酸亚铁1.0g,搅拌使得七水硫酸亚铁充分溶解后,水浴加热至90℃,在惰性气氛保护下加入2mol/L氢氧化钠10mL,待黄绿色沉淀出现,向其中加入高锰酸钾溶液0.8mL,待黄绿色沉淀变为棕色溶液,保温4h,离心洗涤至中性,于50℃下真空烘干即得;
2)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
称取步骤(1)所得到的磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料0.2g于40mL水中,加入β-环糊精0.2g,于63℃条件下恒温水浴反应4h,磁分离洗涤,于50℃下真空烘干即得。
实施例4
一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)/氧化石墨烯(GO)电化学传感器用于检测5-羟色胺含量的方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步 制作标准曲线及线性方程
将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器置于5-羟色胺溶液(以pH=5-7的PBS缓冲液为底液)中,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定电化学传感器在不同浓度5-羟色胺溶液中最大峰电流密度,该值与5-羟色胺的浓度呈现良好的线性关系,5-羟色胺的线性范围为2×10-9mol/L—1×10-6mol/L,线性方程为Ip(A)=0.604C(nmol/L)—7.01×10-8,线性相关系数R2=0.9943,检出限为1.0×10-9mol/L;
第二步 分析测定实际样品中5-羟色胺的含量
根据5-羟色胺标准品的线性关系,对待测样品进行测定:取500μL血清样品溶于pH5-7的PBS缓冲液10mL中,制得血清样品溶液,按相同方法制成水样溶液,然后将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器置于水样溶液、血清样品溶液中,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定水样及血清样品中5-羟色胺的峰电流密度,然后利用第一步所得的线性方程计算待测样品中5-羟色胺的浓度。
利用实施例1-3的电化学传感器进行检测5-羟色胺,在0.316V处有明显的阳极峰,说明传感器能够检测5-HT;
该检测中检测限为1.0×10-9mol/L,较现有的修饰电极的检测限(表1)要低,表明该修饰电极对5-HT具有更高的灵敏度。
表1
实际样品分析结果(见表2):
采用实施例1复合材料制备的电化学传感器检测人体血清样品中5-HT含量的结果如表2所示;
表2
采用实施例2复合材料制备的电化学传感器检测人体血清样品中5-HT含量的结果如表3所示;
表3
采用实施例3复合材料制备的电化学传感器检测人体血清样品中5-HT含量的结果如表4所示;
表4
同时,本发明人将上述三组修饰电极分别连续测定100μmol/L5-HT 6次,其峰电流值的相对标准偏差小于5.0%,将电极置于4℃冰箱中,每周对5-HT样品测定一次,四周后,响应电流分别为原来的93.2%、90.8%、92.1%,说明上述修饰电极具有良好的稳定性。
Claims (10)
1.一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,其特征在于,是将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料粘附于电极片上制成修饰电极,以修饰电极为工作电极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,铂片电极为辅助电极,构成了电化学传感器。
2.如权利要求1所述一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,其特征在于,所述电极片为碳电极、石墨电极、ITO玻璃电极、丝网印刷碳电极中的任意一种。
3.如权利要求1所述一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,其特征在于,所述β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料中磁性纳米粒子为Fe3O4-MnO2。
4.如权利要求1所述一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,其特征在于,其制备方法为:
1)磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
以氧化石墨烯、七水硫酸亚铁为原料,以高锰酸钾为氧化剂,经氧化还原反应制得磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)/GO复合材料;
2)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
以磁性纳米粒子(Fe3O4-MnO2)/GO复合材料、β-环糊精微反应单体,经交联反应制得β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料。
5.如权利要求1或4所述一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器,其特征在于,其制备方法为:
1)磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
取浓度为0.2-0.5mg/mL的氧化石墨烯溶液20-50mL,加入七水硫酸亚铁0.2-1.0g,搅拌使得七水硫酸亚铁充分溶解后,水浴加热至70-90℃,在惰性气氛保护下加入氢氧化钠2-10mL,待黄绿色沉淀出现,向其中加入高锰酸钾溶液0.4-0.8mL,待黄绿色沉淀变为棕色溶液,保温2-4h,离心洗涤至中性,于50℃下真空烘干即得;
2)β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料的制备
称取步骤(1)所得到的磁性纳米粒子/GO复合材料0.1-0.2g于40mL水中,加入β-环糊精0.1-0.2g,于58-63℃条件下恒温水浴反应4h,磁分离洗涤,于50℃下真空烘干即得。
6.如权利要求1所述一种β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器用于检测5-羟色胺含量。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器的应用方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步 制作标准曲线及线性方程
将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器置于5-羟色胺溶液中,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定电化学传感器在不同浓度5-羟色胺溶液中最大峰电流密度,列出线性方程;其中,5-羟色胺的线性范围为2×10-9mol/L—1×10-6mol/L;
第二步 分析测定实际样品中5-羟色胺的含量
根据5-羟色胺标准品的线性关系,对待测样品进行测定:将β-环糊精/磁性纳米粒子/GO电化学传感器置于水样溶液、血清样品溶液中,采用差分脉冲伏安法测定水样及血清样品中5-羟色胺的峰电流密度,然后利用第一步所得的线性方程计算待测样品中5-羟色胺的浓度。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述5-羟色胺溶液中以pH=5-7的PBS缓冲液为底液。
9.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述水样溶液是取50-500μL水样置于pH5-7的PBS缓冲液10mL中搅拌均匀而制成。
10.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述血清样品溶液是取50-500μL血清样品置于pH5-7的PBS缓冲液10mL中搅拌均匀而制成。
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