CN111946354A - Tunneling method for communicating bottom coal seam with upper layered withdrawing channel - Google Patents
Tunneling method for communicating bottom coal seam with upper layered withdrawing channel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111946354A CN111946354A CN202010817815.4A CN202010817815A CN111946354A CN 111946354 A CN111946354 A CN 111946354A CN 202010817815 A CN202010817815 A CN 202010817815A CN 111946354 A CN111946354 A CN 111946354A
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- coal seam
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/04—Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D23/00—Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor
- E21D23/16—Hydraulic or pneumatic features, e.g. circuits, arrangement or adaptation of valves, setting or retracting devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunneling method for communicating a bottom coal seam with an upper layered withdrawing channel, which comprises the following steps: step S01: presetting the requirement H of the thickness of the coal seam in the bottom coal seam to be more than or equal to Xm, and detecting the coal seam thinning area of which the thickness H of the coal seam in the bottom coal seam is less than Xm in advance; step S02: in the upper layer, a marking line parallel to the bottom plate of the coal seam at the bottom is made from the top plate of the upper layer withdrawing channel to the top plate of the coal seam thinning area; step S03: after a hydraulic support in the upper layer is retracted to the range of the coal seam thinning area of the bottom coal seam, a first wood buttress is synchronously erected behind the hydraulic support; step S04: and when the working face of the bottom coal seam is away from the mining stop line Ym of the bottom coal seam, tunneling from the bottom return air gateway to the upper layered withdrawing channel through a fully-mechanized tunneling machine until the working face of the bottom coal seam is communicated with the upper layered withdrawing channel, and completing tunneling of the withdrawing channel of the bottom coal seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a tunneling method for communicating a bottom coal bed with an upper layered withdrawing channel.
Background
The thick coal seam is generally mined in a layered mining mode. In order to realize green mining and improve the recovery rate of coal resources, 5m small coal pillars are reserved between each section and each section of each mining area for mining, and precious and scarce Taixi anthracite is finely mined and collected.
Because the thickness of the coal seam is unstable in a local section, a coal seam thinning area exists in the bottom coal seam. Under the influence of the thinning of the coal seam, in order to throw off the thin strips of the coal seam, the inclination size of the last layered working surface of each section is shortened, and the return air crossheading of the working surface of the bottom coal seam is staggered by about 50-80 m, so that the safe production of the working surface can be ensured. Because the return air of the working face is staggered in the crossheading, the original withdrawing channel of the working face cannot be normally used, and the original withdrawing channel of the working face of the bottom coal seam needs to be reformed. In order to ensure the safe retraction of the fully mechanized coal mining face in the bottom coal seam, a retraction passage must be newly arranged in the section coal pillar to complete the retraction task of the fully mechanized coal mining face equipment. However, a tunnel is dug again, so that connection tension is caused, and meanwhile, a tunnel is arranged in a small coal pillar high stress area of 5m, so that the mine pressure of the tunnel is obvious, the tunnel is difficult to support, and the safe work is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunneling method for communicating a bottom coal seam with an upper layered withdrawal passage, which is characterized in that a bottom return air gateway of the bottom coal seam is communicated with the upper layered withdrawal passage, and hydraulic support equipment and the like in a coal face of the bottom coal seam can be withdrawn to the ground from the upper layered withdrawal passage through a tunneling roadway.
The technical scheme of the invention provides a tunneling method for communicating a bottom coal seam with an upper layered withdrawing channel,
the upper layer is positioned above the bottom coal bed, and the coal bed in the bottom coal bed is gradually thinned in the direction from the bottom transportation gateway to the bottom return air gateway of the bottom coal bed;
the method comprises the following steps:
step S01: presetting the requirement H of the coal seam thickness in the bottom coal seam to be more than or equal to Xm, and detecting a coal seam thinning area with the coal seam thickness H of less than Xm in the bottom coal seam in advance, wherein the coal seam thinning area is positioned between the upper layered return air gateway of the upper layer and the bottom return air gateway of the bottom coal seam;
step S02: in the upper layer, a marking line parallel to the bottom plate of the coal seam at the bottom is made from the top plate of the upper layer withdrawing channel to the top plate of the coal seam thinning area;
step S03: after a hydraulic support in an upper layer is retracted to the range of the coal seam thinning area of the bottom coal seam, a first wood buttress is synchronously erected behind the hydraulic support, and a top plate of the upper layer is supported by the first wood buttress;
when the first wood crib is erected, a partition plate beam is arranged above the marking line in the first wood crib and divides the first wood crib into an independent first wood crib upper part and a first wood crib lower part;
step S04: when the working face of the bottom coal seam is away from a mining stop line Ym of the bottom coal seam, tunneling from the bottom return air gateway to the upper layered withdrawing channel through a fully-mechanized excavating machine until the working face of the bottom coal seam is communicated with the upper layered withdrawing channel, and completing tunneling of a withdrawing passage of the bottom coal seam;
and the fully-mechanized excavating machine synchronously removes the lower wood buttress in one first wood buttress once per excavation, supports a support bracket in the region of the removed lower wood buttress, and supports the upper wood buttress and the partition plate beam above the support bracket.
Furthermore, when the hydraulic support in the upper-upper layer above the upper layer is retracted, a steel wire rope is synchronously laid on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer, and the metal net is hung through the steel wire rope.
Further, drilling holes downwards at preset intervals along the direction from the return air gateway of the upper-upper layer to the transportation gateway on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer, and detecting the coal seam thinning area of the bottom coal seam in advance.
Further, in step S03: the upper layered working surface is provided with a plurality of hydraulic supports and three shield supports, wherein the shield supports are arranged at one side close to the stoping line and are vertical to the hydraulic supports;
when the hydraulic support is retracted, the first wood stack is erected behind the retracted hydraulic support;
when the shield support is retracted, the first wood buttress is erected behind the shield support.
Further, the three shield supports are sequentially divided into a first shield support, a second shield support and a third shield support from the mining stop line to the direction of the hydraulic support;
when the shield support is retracted, the first shield support, the second shield support and the third shield support are retracted in an alternate stepping mode to respectively support the support top beam above the shield support.
Further, the step of withdrawing in the alternating stepping mode comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: withdrawing the first shield support, supporting the supporting top beam by the second shield support and the third shield support, and erecting the first wood buttress behind the first shield support;
the second step is that: withdrawing the third shield support, wherein the first shield support and the second shield support the supporting top beam, and the first wood buttress is erected behind the third shield support;
the third step: withdraw No. two shield supports, a shield support with No. three shield supports the support back timber No. two shield support's rear is established first buttress.
Further, before the first step is executed, one hydraulic support next to the shield support III is retracted.
Furthermore, a support beam is arranged on a top plate of the hydraulic support, and two ends of the support beam extend out of two sides of the top plate of the hydraulic support;
a supporting shed frame is arranged at the rear side of the hydraulic support, and when the hydraulic support is retracted, the supporting shed frame moves forwards synchronously;
when the hydraulic support is retracted, one end of the support beam above the top plate of the retracted hydraulic support is supported by the support shed frame, and the other end of the support beam is supported by the top plate of the adjacent hydraulic support;
and the first wood crib is erected below the supporting shed frame.
Further, the width of the first wood buttress is equal to the width of the shield support.
Furthermore, a second wood buttress is synchronously erected on the side close to the goaf while the first wood buttress is erected;
the second wood buttress is located between the first wood buttress and the gob.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method has the following beneficial effects:
according to the tunneling method for communicating the bottom coal bed with the upper layered withdrawing channel, which is provided by the invention, the bottom return air gateway of the bottom coal bed can be communicated with the upper layered withdrawing channel in the upper layered to form a new tunneling roadway or withdrawing channel, and hydraulic support equipment and the like in the coal face of the bottom coal bed can enter the upper layered withdrawing channel through the tunneling roadway or the withdrawing channel and then be withdrawn to the ground through the upper layered withdrawing channel, so that the withdrawing channel of the bottom coal bed is prevented from being arranged in a small coal pillar high stress area of a section, and the purpose of safe production is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic layout of a coal face, a return air gateway, a transportation gateway, a withdrawal channel, a cutting hole and a carrying channel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a thinning of a coal seam in a bottom coal seam;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first buttressing in an upper level gob;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a marker line extending from the roof of the bottom seam to the upper stratified withdrawal passage;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the spacer beam above the marked line;
FIG. 6 is a schematic layout of spacer beams, first wood stacks and marking lines;
figure 7 is an enlarged view of a spacer beam arranged in a first pack;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a first and second buttresses supported in an upper level of a gob along a direction perpendicular to a floor of a coal seam;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a first and second buttresses supported in an upper tiered gob along the direction of the spacer beams;
figure 10 is a schematic view of an upper stack supported above by a support bracket;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the hydraulic support and the shield support;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the support beams on three hydraulic supports;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a support canopy frame positioned behind the hydraulic support, and a support cap positioned above the shield support and the hydraulic support;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the hydraulic mount during tilt adjustment;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the hydraulic mount being retracted after being aligned;
fig. 16 is a schematic view showing that a first wood crib is supported behind a hydraulic support and a shield support, respectively.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
As shown in fig. 1, the following arrangement is basically adopted when the coal seam is mined: the middle part is a coal face 500, one side is a transportation gateway 501, the other side is a return air gateway 502, one end is a cut hole 503, the other end is a mining stopping line 504, an installation channel 505 is communicated with the cut hole 503, and a withdrawal channel 506 is communicated with the return air gateway 502.
Air is supplied to a transportation gate 501, air is returned to a return air gate 502, an installation channel 505 is used for equipment installation, and a withdrawal channel 506 is used for withdrawing hydraulic supports and the like to the ground.
Wherein, the transportation crossheading 501 is lower, the return air crossheading 502 is higher, and the connecting line from the transportation crossheading 501 to the return air crossheading 502 is a coal seam inclined line. The line connecting the cut-out 503 to the stopping line 504 is the line of the work surface 500.
The invention mainly solves the problem that when the bottom coal seam becomes thin, the return air gate groove in the bottom coal seam is communicated with the withdrawing channel or the return air gate groove in the upper layer, so that a hydraulic support and the like in the bottom working surface can be withdrawn to the ground through the withdrawing channel of the upper layer, the withdrawing channel of the bottom coal seam is prevented from being arranged in a small coal pillar high stress area of a section, and the safe production is realized.
As shown in fig. 2-10 and 16, in one embodiment of the present invention, a method for tunneling a bottom coal seam 1 through an upper strata retraction pathway 22 is provided, wherein the upper strata 2 is located above the bottom coal seam 1, and the coal seam in the bottom coal seam 1 is gradually thinned in a direction along a bottom transportation gateway of the bottom coal seam 1 to a bottom return air gateway 11.
The tunneling method comprises the following steps:
step S01: presetting the requirement H of the coal seam thickness in the bottom coal seam 1 to be more than or equal to Xm, and detecting a coal seam thinning area 12 of which the coal seam thickness H in the bottom coal seam 1 is less than Xm in advance, wherein the coal seam thinning area 12 is positioned between an upper-layer return air gateway 21 of an upper layer 2 and a bottom-layer return air gateway 11 of the bottom coal seam 1.
Step S02: a marking line 13 parallel to the floor 14 of the bottom coal seam 1 is made in the upper tier 2 from the roof of the upper tier withdrawal passage 22 to the roof of the coal seam thinning zone 12.
Step S03: after the hydraulic support 9 in the upper layer 2 is retracted to the range of the coal seam thinning area 12 of the coal seam 1 at the bottom, a first wood buttress 4 is synchronously erected behind the hydraulic support 9, and the top plate of the upper layer 2 is supported by the first wood buttress 4.
When erecting the first stack 4, a spacer beam 5 is arranged in the first stack 4 above the marking line 13, which spacer beam 5 divides the first stack 4 into an independent first stack upper part 41 and a first stack lower part 42.
Step S04: when the working face of the bottom coal seam 2 is far away from the mining stop line Ym of the bottom coal seam 2, the tunneling machine tunnels the bottom return air gateway 11 to the upper layered withdrawing channel 22 until the tunneling machine is communicated with the upper layered withdrawing channel 22, and the tunneling of the withdrawing channel of the bottom coal seam 1 is completed.
Wherein, the fully-mechanized excavating machine synchronously removes the lower wood crib 42 in one first wood crib 4 every time of excavating, supports the support bracket 8 in the region of the removed lower wood crib 42, and supports the upper partition plate beam 5 and the upper wood crib 41 by the support bracket 8.
The invention is suitable for the ultra-thick coal seam mined by layers, and the coal seam 1 at the bottom is a penultimate coal seam, the upper layer is a penultimate layer, the upper-upper layer is a penultimate layer, and the like from top to bottom.
And the upper-upper layer and the layers above are taken as a goaf after the coal seam is completely opened, and the return air crossheading and the withdrawing channel of the goaf are supported by the third wood crib 3, so that the collapse is prevented from influencing the mining and withdrawing of the upper layer 2 and the bottom coal seam 1.
In the stratified mining, after the coal seam of the upper-upper stratum is mined, the coal seam thinning area 12 of the bottom coal seam 1 is detected in a drilling mode, and a specific detection method is described in detail later.
The thickness of each layered coal seam is determined in advance, the inclination angle of each coal seam is also measured in advance, and the inclination angles of the coal seams are basically consistent. The strike or inclination angle of the floor 14 of the underlying coal seam 1 (the floor 14 of the coal seam thinning region 12) may be determined. It is therefore possible to pre-plot the marking line 13 extending from the roof of the upper strata retraction channel 22 to the roof of the coal seam thinning zone 12 in the lower strata 2 such that the marking line 13 is parallel to the floor 14 of the bottom coal seam 1.
When the upper layer 2 or the upper-upper layer is mined, the thickness requirement H of the coal bed in the bottom coal bed 1 is predetermined to be more than or equal to Xm. If the thickness of the bottom coal seam is larger than or equal to Xm, the mining requirements of the coal seam are met, a bottom layer conveying roadway, a bottom layer return air roadway 11 and the like can be arranged, and mining can be carried out through a fully mechanized mining face. And if the thickness of the bottom coal seam is smaller than Xm, the coal seam mining requirement is not met, the mining is abandoned at the part, and a tunnel is tunneled to ensure that the bottom return air gateway 11 is communicated with the upper-layer withdrawing channel 22 and is used for withdrawing equipment such as hydraulic supports in the coal face of the bottom coal seam 1. X can take any value from 1.3m to 3.5m, as required.
After the upper-upper layering is finished, drilling holes downwards on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layering, wherein the drilling holes are arranged at intervals along the return air gateway of the upper-upper layering towards the transportation gateway, and the drilling depth is h. If the hole depth h of the drilled hole is 2X, the sample taken out by the drill bit is coal, and the coal seam thickness of the bottom coal seam 1 of the drilled hole area meets the mining requirement. If the hole depth h of the drilled hole is less than 2X-a, the sample taken out by the drill bit is not coal, but rock, and the like, the coal seam thickness of the bottom coal seam 1 of the drilled hole area does not meet the mining requirement, and the area is a coal seam thinning area 12. Generally, holes are drilled on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer from the return air gateway to the transportation gateway gradually, and after a certain distance from the return air gateway is detected, and the thickness of the coal seam of the bottom coal seam 1 meets the requirement, a coal seam thinning area 12 of the bottom coal seam 1 is basically formed between the drilled holes and the return air gateway.
Typically, the coal seam thinned area 12 of the lower coal seam 1 is located between the upper layer return air gateway 21 of the upper layer 2 and the lower layer return air gateway 11 of the lower coal seam 1.
When the upper layer 2 is mined, a marking line 13 is made in the roadway of the upper layer 2 through laser, the marking line 13 extends from the top plate of the upper layer withdrawing channel 22 to the top plate of the coal seam thinning area 12, and the marking line 13 is parallel to the bottom plate 14 of the coal seam 1 at the bottom.
In order to realize that the coal seam thinning area 12 can be communicated with the upper layer withdrawing channel 22, after the hydraulic support 9 in the upper layer 2 is withdrawn to the range of the coal seam thinning area 12 of the bottom coal seam 1, along with the withdrawal of the hydraulic support 9, the first wood buttress 4 is synchronously erected behind the hydraulic support 9, and the top plate of the upper layer 2 is supported by the first wood buttress 4.
And when erecting the first stack 4, a spacer beam 5 is arranged in the first stack 4 above the marking line 13, which spacer beam 5 divides the first stack 4 into an independent first stack upper part 41 and a first stack lower part 42. The spacer beams 5 are substantially parallel to the marking lines 13. The first wood crib 4 is divided into a first wood crib upper part 41 and a first wood crib lower part 42 which are independent of each other through the partition plate beam 5, and the first wood crib lower part 42 or a part of the first wood crib lower part 42 can be detached independently during the tunneling of the fully-mechanized excavating machine.
Specifically, when the hydraulic support 9 is retracted in the upper tier 2 (the second last tier) and the first wood crib 4 is constructed, the position of the slope of the retraction path to be tunneled (the slope of the marking line 13) along the bottom coal seam 1, which is higher by 0.2 meter than the marking line 13, is raised, the spacer plate beams 5 (large plate beams) 3.0 meters long are laid in the middle of the first wood crib 4, and two spacer plate beams 5 are laid on each first wood crib 4. The two ends of the partition plate beam 5 of each first wood crib 4 are lifted by the first wood cribs 4 adjacent to the two sides to form the artificial roof. The artificial roof divides a first stack 4 into two separate stacks, a first stack upper part 41 and a first stack lower part 42. The tunnel roof is supported in advance by the artificial false roof formed by the partition plate beams 5 during tunneling, the potential safety hazard of large-area exposure of the roof is eliminated, all operating personnel operate under the artificial false roof, and roof accidents and other safety accidents are avoided. The artificial false roof formed by the partition plate beams 5 divides 4 a first wood crib into an upper wood crib and a lower wood crib which are independent, and only the lower part 42 of the first wood crib below is removed each time, so that the wood cribs are easy to remove. Meanwhile, as the top plate of the withdrawal passage is supported by the artificial false roof, the lower part 42 of one first wood buttress can be removed at one time, the circulation progress is increased to 1.5m from the previous 0.8m, and the single-entry level of the tunneling working face is greatly improved. The wood pile removing process is further simplified, secondary roof twisting is not needed for the roadway roof, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the efficiency of the operators is greatly improved.
The mining of the bottom coal seam 2 is carried out step by step, and when the coal face of the bottom coal seam 2 is away from the mining stop line Ym of the bottom coal seam 2, the penetration of the last section of the bottom return air gate groove 11 needs to be completed to ventilate the coal face. And then tunneling from the bottom return air gateway 11 to the upper layered withdrawing channel 22 through the roadheader until the roadheader is communicated with the upper layered withdrawing channel 22 to complete the tunneling of the withdrawing channel of the bottom coal seam 1, wherein the roadheader is a hydraulic support and other equipment in the coal face of the bottom coal seam 1, enters the upper layered withdrawing channel 22 through the withdrawing channel between the bottom return air gateway 11 and the upper layered withdrawing channel 22, and is withdrawn to the ground through the upper layered withdrawing channel 22.
The value of Y may be set as needed, for example, Y is 200m, Y is 600m, or the like.
Specifically, the fully-mechanized excavating machine synchronously removes the lower wood buttress 42 in one first wood buttress 4 every time of excavating, then synchronously supports the support bracket 8 in the area of the removed lower wood buttress 42, and supports the upper partition plate beam 5 and the upper wood buttress 41 by the support bracket 8, thereby forming a withdrawing path for withdrawing the bottom coal seam 1 upwards from the layered withdrawing channel 22 below the support bracket 8.
Therefore, according to the tunneling method for communicating the bottom coal seam 1 with the upper layered withdrawing channel 22 provided by the invention, the bottom return air gateway 11 of the bottom coal seam 1 can be communicated with the upper layered withdrawing channel 22 in the upper layered 2 to form a new tunneling roadway or withdrawing passage, and hydraulic support equipment and the like in the coal face of the bottom coal seam 2 can enter the upper layered withdrawing channel 22 through the tunneling roadway or withdrawing passage and then be withdrawn to the ground through the upper layered withdrawing channel 22, so that the withdrawing passage of the bottom coal seam is prevented from being arranged in a small coal pillar high stress area of a section, and the purpose of safe production is realized.
In one embodiment, when the hydraulic support in the upper-upper layer above the upper layer is retracted, a steel wire rope is synchronously laid on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer, and the metal net is hung through the steel wire rope.
Namely, when the hydraulic support in the third last layer is retracted, a steel wire rope is laid on the bottom plate of the third last layer, and the metal net is hung through the steel wire rope.
When the hydraulic support is withdrawn in the last three-layer mode, when the distance between the last three-layer mode and the mining line is 7.0 meters, the waste steel wire ropes are laid in the goaf at intervals of 1.5 meters along the inclination direction of the working face (along the direction from the transportation gate way to the return air gate way), and four waste steel wire ropes are laid in total, wherein two ends of each waste steel wire rope are fixed with anchor ropes constructed on the coal pillars of the upper lane and the lower lane of the working face through rope clamps. When the last but one layer (upper layer) stops mining and withdrawing the hydraulic support 9, the steel wire ropes laid by the last but one layer (upper-upper layer) and the metal net false top become the top plate of the withdrawing support 9, the laid waste steel wire ropes enable the metal net false top to have certain rigidity, the sinking speed of the metal net false top is reduced, and conditions are created for supporting the first wood pile 4 when the hydraulic support 9 is withdrawn.
In one embodiment, holes are drilled downwards in the direction from the return air crossheading of the upper-upper layer to the transport crossheading at preset distances on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer, and the coal seam thinning area of the bottom coal seam is detected in advance.
After the upper-upper layering is finished, drilling holes downwards on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layering, wherein the drilling holes are arranged at intervals along the return air gateway of the upper-upper layering towards the transportation gateway, and the drilling depth is h. If the hole depth h of the drilled hole is 2X, the sample taken out by the drill bit is coal, and the coal seam thickness of the bottom coal seam 1 of the drilled hole area meets the mining requirement. If the hole depth h of the drilled hole is less than 2X-a, the sample taken out by the drill bit is not coal, but rock, and the like, the coal seam thickness of the bottom coal seam 1 of the drilled hole area does not meet the mining requirement, and the area is a coal seam thinning area 12. Generally, holes are drilled on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer from the return air gateway to the transportation gateway gradually, and after a certain distance from the return air gateway is detected, and the thickness of the coal seam of the bottom coal seam 1 meets the requirement, a coal seam thinning area 12 of the bottom coal seam 1 is basically formed between the drilled holes and the return air gateway.
Typically, the coal seam thinned area 12 of the lower coal seam 1 is located between the upper layer return air gateway 21 of the upper layer 2 and the lower layer return air gateway 11 of the lower coal seam 1.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 11-16, in step S03: the working surface of the upper layer 2 is provided with a plurality of hydraulic supports 9 and three shield supports 10, wherein the shield supports 10 are arranged at one side close to the mining stop line, and the shield supports 9 are vertical to the hydraulic supports 10.
When the hydraulic support 9 is retracted, the first wood stack 4 is supported behind the retracted hydraulic support 9.
When the shield support 10 is retracted, a first timber support 4 is supported behind the shield support 10.
By erecting a plurality of groups of first wood stacks 4, the top plate of the upper layer 2 can be effectively supported, and more first wood stack lower parts 42 which can be detached are provided for the withdrawing passage forming the bottom layer for tunneling, so that the withdrawing passage forming the bottom layer is better formed and is communicated between the bottom layer return air gateway 11 and the upper layer withdrawing channel 22.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, 13 to 16, three shield supports 10 are divided into a shield support No. one 101, a shield support No. two 102, and a shield support No. three 103 in this order from the stop line toward the hydraulic support 9.
When the shield support 10 is retracted, the first shield support 101, the second shield support 102 and the third shield support 103 are retracted in an alternating stepping manner to respectively support the support top beam 12 above the shield support 10.
The supporting top beams 12 are trend logs, one part of the supporting top beams 12 are arranged above the three shield supports 10, the other part of the supporting top beams 12 are arranged above the top plates of the hydraulic supports 9, one ends of the supporting top beams 12 are close to the mining stop line or the coal body, and the other ends of the supporting top beams 12 are positioned on the shield supports 10 or the top plates of the hydraulic supports 9. The length of the supporting cap 12 is greater than the width of the three shield supports 10.
The three shield supports 10 move forwards in a staggered stepping mode, wherein the first shield support 101 leads the second shield support 1024.0 m, and the third shield support 103 leads the second shield support 102 m. When one of the three shield supports 10 moves forward, the other two shield supports 10 lift the supporting top beam 12 to support the metal mesh false roof and prevent the top plate from sinking.
In one embodiment, the step back in alternate stride mode comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: the supporting top beam 12 above the first shield support 101, the second shield support 102 and the third shield support 103 is withdrawn, and the first wood crib 4 is erected behind the first shield support 101.
The second step is that: the third shield support 103, the first shield support 101 and the second shield support 102 are retracted to support the upper supporting top beam 12, and the first wood crib 4 is supported behind the third shield support 103.
The third step: the second shield support 102, the first shield support 101 and the third shield support 103 are retracted to support the upper supporting top beam 12, and the first wood crib 4 is supported behind the second shield support 102.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, a hydraulic support 9 next to the shield support No. three 103 is retracted before the first step is performed. Firstly retracting a hydraulic support 9, then correspondingly retracting the shield support 10 for a preset distance, and sequentially executing the retracting until the hydraulic support 9 and the shield support 10 are retracted.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 12-13 and fig. 15-16, a support beam 91 is disposed on the top plate of the hydraulic support 9, and both ends of the support beam 91 protrude from both sides of the top plate of the hydraulic support 9.
A supporting shed 11 is arranged at the rear side of the hydraulic support 9, and when the hydraulic support 9 is retracted, the supporting shed 11 moves forwards synchronously.
When the hydraulic support 9 is retracted, one end of the support beam 91 located above the ceiling of the retracted hydraulic support 9 is supported by the support canopy 11, and the other end is supported by the ceiling of the adjacent hydraulic support 9.
A first wood crib 4 is arranged below the supporting shed frame 11 in a supporting mode.
In one embodiment the width of the first stack is equal to the width of the shield support.
In one embodiment, a first wood buttress is arranged, and a second wood buttress is synchronously arranged close to the goaf side;
the second wood buttress is located between first wood buttress and collecting space area.
When the hydraulic support 9 of the working surface of the upper layer 2 is withdrawn, in the period of the withdrawing frame direction adjustment of the hydraulic support 9, the metal net false roof is supported by the support supporting beam 91 (large plate beam) under the condition that the support force of the hydraulic support is lost, one end of the support supporting beam 91 is lifted by the hydraulic support 9 adjacent to the hydraulic support 9 to be withdrawn, and the other end is lifted by the supporting shed frame 11 (moving to the lifting shed), so that the metal net flexible false roof is ensured not to sink or slightly sink.
When the working face of the upper tier 2 is 12 meters from the stopping line, the installation of the support beam 91 is started above the roof of the hydraulic support 9. When the support supporting beam 91 is started to be arranged, after the first cycle is cut, the support supporting beam 91 is arranged on the hydraulic support 9 with the double support number, then after the second cycle is cut, the support supporting beam 91 is arranged above the hydraulic support 9 with the single support number, and so on, and the support supporting beam 91 is arranged on the previous cycle every time the cycle is cut.
In one embodiment, as shown in figure 16, the width of the first stack 4 is the same as the width of the shield support 10. The width of the first wood buttress 4 is designed to be the same as that of the shield support 10, and after one shield support of the three shield supports 10 moves forwards, the first wood buttress 4 can be supported quickly to support the top plate, so that the top plate is prevented from sinking.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8-10, the second pack 6 is simultaneously supported on the side close to the gob 7 while the first pack 4 is supported. The second wood crib 6 is positioned between the first wood crib 4 and the gob 7, and prevents gangue in the gob 7 from entering a driving withdrawing passage.
According to the needs, the above technical schemes can be combined to achieve the best technical effect.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles and preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made on the basis of the principle of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be regarded.
Claims (10)
1. A tunneling method for communicating a bottom coal seam with an upper layered withdrawal channel is disclosed, wherein the upper layered layer is positioned above the bottom coal seam, and the coal seam in the bottom coal seam is gradually thinned in the direction from a bottom transportation gateway to a bottom return air gateway along the bottom coal seam;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S01: presetting the requirement H of the coal seam thickness in the bottom coal seam to be more than or equal to Xm, and detecting a coal seam thinning area with the coal seam thickness H of less than Xm in the bottom coal seam in advance, wherein the coal seam thinning area is positioned between the upper layered return air gateway of the upper layer and the bottom return air gateway of the bottom coal seam;
step S02: in the upper layer, a marking line parallel to the bottom plate of the coal seam at the bottom is made from the top plate of the upper layer withdrawing channel to the top plate of the coal seam thinning area;
step S03: after a hydraulic support in an upper layer is retracted to the range of the coal seam thinning area of the bottom coal seam, a first wood buttress is synchronously erected behind the hydraulic support, and a top plate of the upper layer is supported by the first wood buttress;
when the first wood crib is erected, a partition plate beam is arranged above the marking line in the first wood crib and divides the first wood crib into an independent first wood crib upper part and a first wood crib lower part;
step S04: when the working face of the bottom coal seam is away from a mining stop line Ym of the bottom coal seam, tunneling from the bottom return air gateway to the upper layered withdrawing channel through a fully-mechanized excavating machine until the working face of the bottom coal seam is communicated with the upper layered withdrawing channel, and completing tunneling of a withdrawing passage of the bottom coal seam;
and the fully-mechanized excavating machine synchronously removes the lower wood buttress in one first wood buttress once per excavation, supports a support bracket in the region of the removed lower wood buttress, and supports the upper wood buttress and the partition plate beam above the support bracket.
2. A method of tunnelling a seam at the bottom of a coal seam which is continuous with an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 1,
and when the hydraulic support in the upper-upper layer above the upper layer is retracted, a steel wire rope is synchronously laid on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer, and the metal net is hung through the steel wire rope.
3. A method of tunnelling a bottom coal seam through to an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 2,
and drilling holes downwards at preset intervals along the direction from the return air gateway of the upper-upper layer to the transportation gateway on the bottom plate of the upper-upper layer, and detecting the coal seam thinning area of the bottom coal seam in advance.
4. A method of tunnelling a seam at the bottom of a coal seam which is continuous with an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3,
in step S03: the upper layered working surface is provided with a plurality of hydraulic supports and three shield supports, wherein the shield supports are arranged at one side close to the stoping line and are vertical to the hydraulic supports;
when the hydraulic support is retracted, the first wood stack is erected behind the retracted hydraulic support;
when the shield support is retracted, the first wood buttress is erected behind the shield support.
5. A method of tunnelling a seam at the bottom of a coal seam which is continuous with an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 4,
dividing the three shield supports into a first shield support, a second shield support and a third shield support in sequence from the mining stopping line to the direction of the hydraulic support;
when the shield support is retracted, the first shield support, the second shield support and the third shield support are retracted in an alternate stepping mode to respectively support the support top beam above the shield support.
6. A method of tunnelling a seam at the bottom of a coal seam which is continuous with an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 5,
the alternative stepping mode withdrawing step comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: withdrawing the first shield support, supporting the supporting top beam by the second shield support and the third shield support, and erecting the first wood buttress behind the first shield support;
the second step is that: withdrawing the third shield support, wherein the first shield support and the second shield support the supporting top beam, and the first wood buttress is erected behind the third shield support;
the third step: withdraw No. two shield supports, a shield support with No. three shield supports the support back timber No. two shield support's rear is established first buttress.
7. A method of tunnelling a bottom coal seam through to an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 6,
before the first step is executed, withdrawing one hydraulic support next to the shield support III.
8. A method of tunnelling a seam at the bottom of a coal seam which is continuous with an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 4,
a support beam is arranged on a top plate of the hydraulic support, and two ends of the support beam extend out of two sides of the top plate of the hydraulic support;
a supporting shed frame is arranged at the rear side of the hydraulic support, and when the hydraulic support is retracted, the supporting shed frame moves forwards synchronously;
when the hydraulic support is retracted, one end of the support beam above the top plate of the retracted hydraulic support is supported by the support shed frame, and the other end of the support beam is supported by the top plate of the adjacent hydraulic support;
and the first wood crib is erected below the supporting shed frame.
9. A method of tunnelling a seam at the bottom of a coal seam which is continuous with an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 4,
the width of the first wood buttress is equal to the width of the shield support.
10. A method of tunnelling a seam at the bottom of a coal seam which is continuous with an upper strata retraction pathway as claimed in claim 1,
synchronously erecting a second wood buttress at the side close to the goaf while erecting the first wood buttress;
the second wood buttress is located between the first wood buttress and the gob.
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