CN111945664A - Slope protection ecological sand bag structure, breakwater and construction method of breakwater - Google Patents
Slope protection ecological sand bag structure, breakwater and construction method of breakwater Download PDFInfo
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- CN111945664A CN111945664A CN202010981905.7A CN202010981905A CN111945664A CN 111945664 A CN111945664 A CN 111945664A CN 202010981905 A CN202010981905 A CN 202010981905A CN 111945664 A CN111945664 A CN 111945664A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slope protection ecological sand bag structure, a breakwater and a construction method thereof, relates to the field of near-shore slope engineering and landscape, and is used for solving the problem of serious wave overtopping phenomenon of the breakwater. The invention also provides a construction method of the breakwater, which comprises the steps of manufacturing the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure, manufacturing the floating bed structure, planting aquatic organisms and manufacturing the ecological sand bags. The invention effectively eliminates waves and prevents waves, limits the influence of broken waves on beaches, has good landscape effect, and restores and optimizes marine ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a near-shore slope engineering and a landscape collar, in particular to a slope protection ecological sand bag structure, a breakwater and a construction method thereof.
Background
The breakwater can block the impact force of waves, enclose the shoreline zone and maintain the water level stable so as to protect the seawall bank from being influenced by severe weather, so that the ship can be safely berthed and operated to construct a building. The breakwater can also play a role in preventing harbor basin silting and waves from eroding the shore line. It is an important component of manually shielded coastal embankments.
Due to uncertainty of sea surface waves, unpredictable strong wind waves often occur. At present, although certain anti-wave performance is considered in the design process of the conventional breakwater, overtopping and surging are easy to occur. The wave overtopping phenomenon can cause serious influence to the bearing capacity and the stability of the breakwater, the breakwater is easy to lose efficacy due to the fact that the wave overtopping phenomenon occurs for a plurality of times, and other seawall structures are damaged. The ecological diversity is threatened due to the influence of comprehensive factors such as the change of the ecological environment condition of regional lakes or oceans and the like, and the ecological diversity is threatened due to the change of the structure of a mudflat or marine organism community.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention
Aiming at the problem of serious wave overtopping phenomenon of the breakwater, the invention provides a slope protection ecological sand bag structure, the breakwater and a construction method of the breakwater.
2. Technical scheme
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a bank protection ecological sand bag structure, comprises more than one ecological sand bag, ecological sand bag adopts macromolecular material to sew up and makes, ecological sand bag is used for filling the solid matter that obtains in the application region nearby. The principle of 'local materials are used and waste materials are changed into things of value' is adopted for manufacturing the ecological sand bag, the filler material is selected nearby according to different scenes of the application of the ecological sand bag, the solid is selected as the filler material, the solid has certain hardness, and the strength of the ecological sand bag can be improved. The ecological sand bag is formed by filling solid matters such as sand stones and the like in offshore beaches and offshore regions into an ecological sand bag by utilizing a pump machine through pumping water power, is packaged, is stacked on the edge of the sea bank or the port, resists wind waves and reinforces the bank. The selection of the ecological sand bag filler nearby not only reduces the construction cost and improves the economic benefit, but also reduces the transportation cost, and the ecological sand bag is light and convenient to construct on site and convenient to construct.
Optionally, the ecological sand bag body is sewed up by top layer and bottom and forms, the top layer of ecological sand bag adopts coarse polypropylene fiber macromolecular material to make, the bottom layer of ecological sand bag adopts the organic polypropylene macromolecular material to make. When the ecological sand bags are applied to the offshore beach and the offshore region, the top layers of the ecological sand bags face upwards, the bottom layers of the ecological sand bags face downwards and are stacked on the offshore beach and the offshore region according to a multi-stage stacking mode, the edge of the dyke body can be reinforced, the anti-slip stability of the dyke body is improved, the reinforcing ribs are used, the overall stability of the breakwater is improved, waves are effectively eliminated, and a footpath for people to walk and view is formed. Under the application scene of the coastal port, the ecological sand bags can be piled up in the same multi-stage stacking and arranging mode to form a walk for people to walk, and the stacking height of the ecological sand bags is determined according to the actual height of the coastal port or the actual condition of the construction local. The top layer of ecological sand bag adopts coarse polypropylene fiber material to make, and the wearability is strong, but simultaneously ultraviolet resistance prevents that the pedestrian from walking and damaging ecological sand bag, and the bottommost bag body of ecological sand bag contacts the water easily, and polypropylene material macromolecular material feature of environmental protection is high, and the degradable is little to environmental pollution.
Optionally, the solids comprise sea sand, pebbles, crushed stone, sludge or silt. The material of the filler is selected according to different application scenes of the ecological sand bag, for example, when the ecological sand bag is arranged in an offshore sea bank area, the filled solid can be one or a mixture of several kinds of sea sand, sandy soil, broken stone, sludge or silt with different particle sizes, for example, the ecological sand bag is arranged in a coastal port, the filled solid can be one or a mixture of several kinds of sea sand, sandy soil, pebbles, sludge or silt, because a ship usually stops at the coastal port and may impact the ecological sand bag, the filler can select some gravels, pebbles with larger particle hardness and strength and mix the silt, and the impact can be resisted to a certain extent. The local materials can reduce the cost of construction cost, improve economic benefits, reduce transportation cost, and be constructed on the spot, and the construction is convenient.
The utility model provides a breakwater, includes ecological sand bag structure, still includes artificial fish reef structure of breaking waves and floats a structure, it sets up on water to float a structure, artificial fish reef structure of breaking waves sets up in floating a structure below, ecological sand bag sets up in artificial fish reef structure below of breaking waves and one side. The existing breakwater is serious in wave overtopping phenomenon and single in purpose, is only used for blocking the impact force of waves, enclosing a harbor pool and maintaining the water surface to be stable so as to protect a port from being influenced by severe weather, and is used for safe berthing and operation of ships. The artificial fish reef wave-dissipating structure and the floating bed structure are added, so that the multifunctional functions of planting and greening landscapes on water, inhabiting fishes under water and the like can be integrated, the artificial fish reef wave-dissipating structure is designed to improve the ecological environment of sea areas, create a good environment for inhabiting marine organisms, and the floating bed structure for water wave-dissipating, sand-fixing and water landscape plant purification can be designed to improve the growth environment of the aquatic organisms. The ecological sand bags are arranged on offshore coasts or beaches and coastal harbor areas and are used for wave dissipation and wave prevention, the combined breakwater meets the aesthetic requirement on the breakwater, and meanwhile, the ecological environment of marine organisms is restored and optimized, and fishery resources are protected and proliferated.
Optionally, the artificial fish reef structure of removing waves includes indulges at the distance from cloth, sets up the diaphragm that transversely arranges between the cloth and sets up the artificial fish reef on the diaphragm, indulge diaphragm cloth from top to bottom through hawser fixed connection, through the artificial fish reef of plastics metal composite pipe series connection in the diaphragm. The diaphragm plate can be made of stainless steel. The artificial fish reef is prepared by filling base materials with different specific gravities into foamed cement, wherein the filling base materials comprise algae attaching matrix, inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient, scallop powder, oyster powder, carbon fiber particles, permanent magnet particles, redispersible emulsion powder and biological agent, and the biological agent is N-09 biological additive or T-13 biological additive. The algae attaching matrix can enhance the compatibility and firmness and durability of the fish reef body and the marine environment, can effectively kill fungi and mould by adding N-09 biological additives to reduce common diseases of fishes, and can inhibit the proliferation of blue algae, anabaena and microcystis aeruginosa by adding T-13 biological additives to form a small ecological system.
Optionally, the transverse partition plates are longitudinally arranged at equal intervals d, more than one artificial fish reef is connected in series at intervals of m pieces of the transverse partition plates, m is larger than or equal to 3, and m is an integer. Two artificial fish reef wave dissipating structures are designed in consideration of water level difference caused by tides in the offshore area and billows caused by severe weather. One of them artificial fish reef structure of removing waves is with interval m piece series connection artificial fish reef between the cross slab, for example m gets 3 the time, is that first cross slab series connection artificial fish reef, and second, third, four cross slabs do not establish ties artificial fish reef, and fifth cross slab series connection artificial fish reef, and in the practical application m can be 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 etc. numerical value, and the actual numerical value of m is decided according to the local actual conditions of construction. Can avoid the tide water level from dropping, and aims to prevent the artificial fish reef from being collided and damaged due to the rising and falling of the tide water level. The diaphragm plates are longitudinally arranged at equal intervals d, the value of d is 30-50cm, in practical application, the values of d can be 30,35,40,45,50cm and the like, and the actual value of d depends on the actual condition of the construction site.
Optionally, the size of the diaphragm plates is sequentially reduced when the diaphragm plates are arranged from bottom to top, n is a group, n is larger than or equal to 3, and n is an integer. Another kind of artificial fish reef structure that disappears is that the specification size decreases progressively in proper order when the cross slab from bottom to top lays, and n can take numerical value such as 3,4,5,6,7,8,9 in practical application, and the actual numerical value of n is decided according to the local actual conditions of construction. The mode that the diaphragm plates are nested layer upon layer can avoid the tide water level from dropping, and aims to prevent the artificial fish reef from being collided and damaged due to the rise and fall of the tide water level and improve the structural stability of the artificial fish reef to a certain extent.
Optionally, the floating bed structure includes the floating main part and sets up the ecological planting bag in the floating main part, the ecological planting bag is used for planting wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants, the floating main part includes a plurality of flexible cylinder moulds that connect gradually and form overall structure and a plurality of cubic body of packing in flexible cylinder mould, liner or the bag body has been laid to flexible cylinder mould inboard. Whether need increase liner or the bag body is confirmed according to the particle diameter of cubic body and the hole size of flexible cylinder mould, when needs increase liner or the bag body, can guarantee that cubic body is difficult for dropping from the hole of flexible cylinder mould, can fill up flexible cylinder mould as far as possible. The blocky floating body is made by filling base materials with different specific gravities with foamed cement, and the base materials of the blocky floating body are one or a combination of more of foamed plastic, sludge, coconut fiber, bark, floating balls or wood chips. The density adjustment is well realized by adjusting the type, the proportion and the like of the block-shaped floating bodies, and the proportion of the whole floating water above and below the water can be adjusted. A plurality of flexible cylinder mould connect gradually and form overall structure, and the rope that the accessible is durable between the flexible cylinder mould is connected for supplying resistant sea water's wave absorption sand fixation plant to insert plant, guarantee to insert the stable growth of planting the plant. The main structure of the floating body is good in flexibility, strong in impact resistance, long in service life, strong in self-purification absorption capacity of plant roots, capable of forming a landscape effect, good in air permeability and water permeability of the flexible net cage and the block-shaped floating bodies, capable of adsorbing a large number of pollutants, better decomposed by microorganisms and capable of serving as nutrients for plant growth after decomposition. Wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants are planted on the floating bed structure, wave-absorbing and soil-fixing functions are achieved, mangrove plants are suitable for being adopted as the wave-absorbing plants, mangrove trees have good wave-absorbing and sand-fixing functions, mangrove planting belts with certain widths have good wave-absorbing effects, good perching environments and water body purification functions are provided for birds, ecological balance is promoted, and landscape beautifying functions are achieved.
A breakwater construction method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: manufacturing an artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure, manufacturing an artificial fish reef by foaming cement and filling base materials with different specific gravities, connecting the artificial fish reef in series by using plastic metal composite pipes and fixing the artificial fish reef in a multilayer diaphragm plate, stretching and fixing the diaphragm plate by using mediastinum cloth, and fixedly connecting the mediastinum cloth up and down by using a cable to form the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure, and placing the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure underwater;
the second step is that: manufacturing a floating bed structure, namely manufacturing a block-shaped floating body by foaming cement and filling base materials with different specific gravities, filling the block-shaped floating body into a flexible net cage, sequentially connecting a plurality of flexible net cages to form an integral floating main body, and placing the integral floating main body on the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure;
the third step: planting aquatic organisms, installing an ecological planting bag on the floating main body, and inserting wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants on the ecological planting bag;
the fourth step: and manufacturing the ecological sand bag, selecting local materials and filling the fillers into the ecological sand bag, and stacking and paving the manufactured ecological sand bag to reinforce the edge of the embankment or form a footpath according to an application scene.
The implementation construction process of the invention is as follows: for improving the sea area ecological environment, build the good environment that the marine organism perched, adopt the present foaming cement technique to fill the packing substrate of different proportion and make artificial fish reef, the water head that the nearly sea area morning and evening tides caused and the billow that bad weather arouses are considered, two kinds of artificial fish reef structure of removing the ripples has been designed, transversely arrange the multilayer cross slab between two-layer mediastinum cloth, one kind of structure is the cross slab interval artificial fish reef that establishes ties, one kind of structure is that the cross slab is laid from bottom to top the specification size is degressive in proper order and is laid, above-mentioned two kinds of structures all can prevent artificial fish reef because the morning and evening tides water level goes up and down to bump, place artificial fish reef structure of removing the ripples under water. The floating bed structure for laying water wave-absorbing sand-fixing water body landscape plants on water is characterized in that base materials with different specific gravities are filled with foamed cement to form block-shaped floating bodies, and the flexible net cage is filled with the block-shaped floating bodies to form a floating main body. The ecological sand bag is manufactured by adopting the principle of locally taking materials and changing waste into valuables in actual application, selecting filling materials according to actual scenes, filling solid matters such as sand stones and the like in offshore beaches and near sea areas into the ecological sand bag by utilizing a pump machine through pumping water power, packaging, stacking on a sea bank or the edge of a port to form a footpath, effectively eliminating waves and preventing waves, and protecting the sea bank in the near sea areas. The whole set of ecological landscape breakwater is installed in a sectional mode, and each section is provided with a certain interval, so that marine traffic navigation is facilitated.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects of being embodied in economic benefit, ecological benefit and environmental benefit, and being embodied in the following aspects:
(1) the arrangement of the ecological sand bag slope protection structure can protect the beach, reduce the surge and limit the influence of the broken waves on the beach; the filling matrix of the ecological sand bag is made of local materials, waste materials are changed into valuable materials, the construction cost is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, and the ecological sand bag is light and convenient, the transportation cost is reduced, the construction is performed on the local site, and the construction is convenient;
(2) the arrangement of the aquatic wave-absorbing sand-fixing water body purifying landscape plant floating bed structure has good landscape effect, meets the aesthetic requirement on a breakwater, and simultaneously repairs and optimizes the ecological environment of marine organisms, protects and breeds fishery resources;
(3) materials used in the ecological landscape breakwater of the whole set of offshore area sea-bank are all environment-friendly materials, so that secondary pollution to the environment is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a breakwater structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a floating bed structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a floating bed structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a wave-breaking structure of an artificial fish reef according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a wave-breaking structure of an artificial fish reef according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a top view of a diaphragm and an artificial fish reef provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
The symbols in the drawings illustrate that:
1. an ecological sand bag; 2. artificial fish reef wave eliminating structure; 21 a diaphragm plate; 22. longitudinally separating cloth; 23. a metal composite tube; 24. an artificial fish reef; 3. a floating bed structure; 31. a floating body; 311. a flexible mesh cage; 312. a block-shaped floating body; 32. an ecological planting bag.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, a slope protection ecological sand bag structure is composed of more than one ecological sand bag 1, the ecological sand bag 1 is made of a high polymer material through sewing, and the ecological sand bag 1 is used for filling solids obtained in a nearby application area. The ecological sand bag 1 bag body is sewed up by top layer and bottom and is formed, the top layer of ecological sand bag 1 adopts coarse polypropylene fiber macromolecular material to make, the bottom layer of ecological sand bag 1 adopts the polypropylene macromolecular material that has the weaving to make. The plurality of ecological sand bags 1 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top to form a walkway for reinforcing the edge of a bank or providing people to walk. The solid matter comprises sea sand, gravel, sandy soil, pebbles, broken stones, sludge or silt.
The ecological sand bag 1 is manufactured by adopting the principle of locally taking materials and changing waste into valuable, the filler material is selected according to different application scenes of the ecological sand bag 1, and the solid is selected as the filler material. The ecological sand bag is formed by pumping solids such as sand and stones in offshore beaches and offshore regions into the ecological sand bag 1 by a pump and packaging. The top layer of ecological sand bag 1 adopts coarse polypropylene fiber macromolecular material to make, and the wearability is strong, simultaneously can ultraviolet resistance, and the water is contacted easily to ecological sand bag 1's the bottom bag body, and polypropylene material macromolecular material feature of environmental protection is high, and the degradable is little to environmental pollution. When the ecological sand bag 1 is arranged in the offshore sea bank area, the filled solid can be one or a mixture of several of sea sand, sandy soil, gravel, sludge or silt with different particle sizes, and the stacking height of the ecological sand bag 1 is determined according to the actual height of the offshore sea bank or the actual situation of the construction site; ecological sand bag 1 piles up at the dyke body edge of the dyke of leaning on the sea according to the mode that multistage piles up, consolidates dyke body edge, improves the cling stability of dyke body, plays the effect of strengthening rib, promotes the overall stability of breakwater, and effective wave breaking is prevented unrestrained, protects the sea-area sea dyke. When the ecological sand bag 1 is arranged at a coastal port, the filled solid can be one or a mixture of sea sand, sandy soil, pebbles, sludge or silt, the ecological sand bag 1 can be piled up in the same multi-stage stacking and arranging mode to form a walk for people to walk, and the stacking height of the ecological sand bag 1 is determined according to the actual height of the coastal port or the actual condition of the construction local.
Example 2
Example 2 is further optimized based on example 1, and the specific implementation scheme is as follows:
referring to fig. 1-4 and 6, in this embodiment, a breakwater includes an ecological sand bag structure, and further includes an artificial fish reef wave dissipating structure 2 and a floating bed structure 3, the artificial fish reef wave dissipating structure 2 is disposed below the floating bed structure 3, and the ecological sand bag 1 is disposed below the artificial fish reef wave dissipating structure 2 and on one side. Artificial fish reef structure 2 that disappears is including indulging separating cloth 22, setting up the diaphragm 21 and the artificial fish reef 24 of setting on diaphragm 21 of transversely arranging between indulging separating cloth 22, indulge diaphragm cloth 22 and pass through hawser fixed connection from top to bottom, establish ties artificial fish reef through plastic metal composite pipe 23 in the diaphragm 21. The transverse partition plates 21 are longitudinally arranged at equal intervals of 40cm, and more than one artificial fish reef is connected in series at intervals of 3 transverse partition plates. The floating bed structure 3 comprises a floating main body 31 and an ecological planting bag 32 arranged on the floating main body 31, the ecological planting bag 32 is used for planting wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants, the floating main body 31 comprises a plurality of flexible net cages 311 which are sequentially connected to form an integral structure and a plurality of block-shaped floating bodies 312 filled in the flexible net cages 311, and a liner or a bag body is laid on the inner side of the flexible net cages 311.
As shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, the artificial fish reef wave-dissipating structure 2 and the floating bed structure 3 are added, so that the multifunctional functions of planting and greening the water landscape, inhabiting the underwater fishes and the like can be integrated, the artificial fish reef wave-dissipating structure 2 is designed to improve the ecological environment of the sea area, create a good environment for inhabiting marine organisms, and the water wave-dissipating, sand-fixing and water landscape plant floating bed structure 3 is designed to improve the growth environment of the aquatic organisms. The block-shaped floating body 311 is made by filling base materials with different specific gravities with foamed cement, and the base material of the block-shaped floating body 311 is one or a combination of more of foamed plastic, sludge, coconut fiber, bark, floating balls or wood chips. The density adjustment is well realized by adjusting the type, proportion and the like of the block-shaped floating body 311, namely the proportion of the whole floating water above and below the water can be adjusted. Whether a liner or a bag body needs to be added or not is determined according to the particle size of the block-shaped floating bodies 312 and the size of the pores of the flexible net cage, and when the liner or the bag body needs to be added, the block-shaped floating bodies 311 can be ensured not to fall off from the pores of the flexible net cage 311 easily, and the flexible net cage 311 can be filled as full as possible. A plurality of flexible cylinder mould 311 connect gradually and form overall structure, and the firm rope of accessible connects between flexible cylinder mould 311 for supply the wave-absorbing sand-fixation plant of resistant sea water to plant. Wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants are planted on the floating bed structure 3, so that the wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants have the functions of wave prevention, soil fixation and water body purification, and mangrove plants are suitable for the wave-preventing plants.
As shown in fig. 4 and 6, 3 pieces of artificial fish reefs 24 are connected in series in the transverse partition plate 21 of the artificial fish reef wave-dissipating structure 2 at intervals through plastic-metal composite pipes 23. The artificial fish reef 24 is manufactured by a technology of filling base material foamed cement with different specific gravities, the filling base material comprises algae attaching matrix, inorganic nutrient, organic nutrient, scallop powder, oyster powder, carbon fiber particles, permanent magnet particles, redispersible emulsion powder and biological agent, and the biological agent is N-09 biological additive or T-13 biological additive. The algae attaching matrix can enhance the compatibility and firmness and durability of the fish reef and marine environment, can effectively kill fungi and mould by adding N-09 biological additives to reduce common diseases of fishes, and can inhibit the proliferation of blue algae, anabaena and microcystis aeruginosa by adding T-13 biological additives; forming a small ecosystem. The transverse clapboard 21 and the mediastinum cloth 22 are arranged at an angle, the windward side is low, the surge can be reduced to a certain extent, the influence of the broken waves on the beach is limited, and the artificial fish reef 24 can be prevented from colliding when the water level of the tide descends. The diaphragm plates 21 are arranged at equal intervals of 40cm in the longitudinal direction. The ecological sand bags 1 are stacked on the offshore coast or beach, the travel path of the coastal harbor region or arranged below and at one side of the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure 2 and are used for wave dissipation and wave prevention. The combined breakwater meets the aesthetic requirement on the breakwater, and simultaneously repairs and optimizes the ecological environment of marine organisms and protects and breeds fishery resources.
Example 3
Example 3 is further optimized based on example 1, and the specific implementation scheme is as follows:
with reference to fig. 1-3, 5,6, in this embodiment, a breakwater includes ecological sand bag structure, still includes artificial fish reef structure 2 that disappears and floats bed structure 3, artificial fish reef structure 2 that disappears sets up in floating bed structure 3 below, ecological sand bag 1 sets up in artificial fish reef structure 2 below and one side that disappears. Artificial fish reef structure 2 that disappears is including indulging separating cloth 22, setting up the diaphragm 21 and the artificial fish reef 24 of setting on diaphragm 21 of transversely arranging between indulging separating cloth 22, indulge diaphragm cloth 22 and pass through hawser fixed connection from top to bottom, establish ties artificial fish reef through plastic metal composite pipe 23 in the diaphragm 21. The specification and size of the diaphragm plates 21 are sequentially reduced when the diaphragm plates are arranged from bottom to top, and 3 diaphragm plates are a group. The floating bed structure 3 comprises a floating main body 31 and an ecological planting bag 32 arranged on the floating main body 31, the ecological planting bag 32 is used for planting wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants, the floating main body 31 comprises a plurality of flexible net cages 311 which are sequentially connected to form an integral structure and a plurality of block-shaped floating bodies 312 filled in the flexible net cages 311, and a liner or a bag body is laid on the inner side of the flexible net cages 311.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in order to avoid the tide water level from decreasing, the diaphragm plates 21 are nested layer by layer, the artificial fish reef 24 collides, the structural stability of the artificial fish reef 24 is improved to a certain extent, and the specification and the size of the diaphragm plates 21 are gradually decreased from bottom to top, and 3 diaphragm plates are a group.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for constructing a breakwater, including the following steps:
the first step is as follows: manufacturing an artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure 2, manufacturing an artificial fish reef 24 by foaming cement and filling base materials with different specific gravities, connecting the artificial fish reef 24 in series by using a plastic metal composite pipe 23 and fixing the artificial fish reef in a multilayer diaphragm 21, stretching and fixing the diaphragm 21 by using mediastinum cloth 22, and fixedly connecting the mediastinum cloth 22 up and down by using a cable to form the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure 2 which is placed under water;
the second step is that: manufacturing a floating bed structure 3, manufacturing a block-shaped floating body 312 by foaming cement and filling base materials with different specific gravities, filling the block-shaped floating body 312 into a flexible net cage 311, sequentially connecting a plurality of flexible net cages 311 to form an integral floating main body 31, and placing the integral floating main body 31 on the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure 2;
the third step: planting aquatic organisms, installing an ecological planting bag 32 on the floating main body 31, and planting wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants on the ecological planting bag 32;
the fourth step: manufacturing the ecological sand bag 1, selecting local materials and filling fillers into the ecological sand bag 1, and stacking and paving the manufactured ecological sand bag 1 on the edge of a reinforced embankment or forming a footpath according to an application scene.
In order to improve the ecological environment of sea areas and build a good environment for the inhabitation of marine organisms, the artificial fish reef 24 is made by filling base materials with different specific gravities by adopting the existing foaming cement technology, the water level difference caused by the tides in the near sea area and the billow caused by severe weather are considered, two artificial fish reef wave dissipation structures 2 are designed, a plurality of layers of transverse partition plates 21 are transversely arranged between two layers of longitudinal partition cloth 22, the transverse partition plates 21 are all distributed non-horizontally, the windward side is low, one structure is that the transverse partition plates 21 are connected with the artificial fish reef 24 in series at intervals, the other structure is that the specification and the size are gradually reduced when the transverse partition plates 21 are distributed from bottom to top, and the two structures can prevent the artificial fish reef 24 from collision and damage caused by the rise and fall. The floating bed structure 3 for laying the water wave-absorbing sand-fixing purifying water landscape plants on water is characterized in that base materials with different specific gravities are filled with foamed cement to form block-shaped floating bodies 312, the base materials of the block-shaped floating bodies 312 are one or a combination of more of foamed plastics, sludge, coconut fibers, barks, floating balls or wood chips, the block-shaped floating bodies 312 are filled in flexible net cages 311 to form floating main bodies 31, ecological planting bags 32 are installed on the floating main bodies 31, and the wave-absorbing sand-fixing plants are inserted into the ecological planting bags 32. The ecological sand bag 1 is manufactured, in the practical application, the principle of locally taking materials and changing waste into valuables is adopted, solid filling materials are selected according to the application scene, solid materials such as sand stones of offshore beaches and near sea areas can be pumped by a pump machine to be filled into the ecological sand bag 1 through water power, the ecological sand bag 1 is formed by packaging, the manufactured ecological sand bag 1 is stacked on the offshore coast or the beaches and the coastal port area to form a footpath or is arranged below and on one side of an artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure 2, waves are effectively dissipated, and the sea bank of the near sea area is protected. The whole set of ecological landscape breakwater is installed in a sectional mode, and each section is provided with a certain interval, so that marine traffic navigation is facilitated.
The present invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and what is shown in the drawings is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if the person skilled in the art receives the teaching, without departing from the spirit of the invention, the person skilled in the art shall not inventively design the similar structural modes and embodiments to the technical solution, but shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a bank protection ecological sand bag structure which characterized in that comprises more than one ecological sand bag, ecological sand bag adopts macromolecular material to sew up and makes, ecological sand bag is used for filling the solid matter that obtains in the application region nearby.
2. The slope protection ecological sand bag structure of claim 1, wherein the ecological sand bag body is formed by sewing a top layer and a bottom layer, the top layer of the ecological sand bag is made of a rough polypropylene fiber polymer material, and the bottom layer of the ecological sand bag is made of a woven polypropylene polymer material.
3. The slope protection ecological sand bag structure of claim 1, wherein the solid matter comprises sea sand, gravel, sandy soil, pebbles, broken stones, sludge or silt.
4. A breakwater comprising the revetment ecological sand bag structure of any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an artificial fish reef wave dissipating structure disposed under the floating bed structure and a floating bed structure, wherein the ecological sand bags are disposed under and on one side of the artificial fish reef wave dissipating structure.
5. The breakwater according to claim 4, wherein the artificial fish reef wave dissipating structure comprises longitudinal partition cloth, transverse partition plates arranged transversely between the longitudinal partition cloth and artificial fish reefs arranged on the transverse partition plates, the longitudinal partition cloth is fixedly connected with the upper portion and the lower portion through cables, and the artificial fish reefs are connected in series in the transverse partition plates through plastic metal composite pipes.
6. The breakwater according to claim 5, wherein the transverse partition plates are longitudinally arranged at equal intervals d, more than one artificial fish reef is connected in series at intervals of m, m is more than or equal to 3, and m is an integer.
7. The breakwater according to claim 5, wherein the transverse partition plates are arranged from bottom to top, the sizes of the transverse partition plates are sequentially reduced, n is a group, n is greater than or equal to 3, and n is an integer.
8. The breakwater according to claim 4, wherein the floating bed structure comprises a floating body and ecological planting bags arranged on the floating body, the ecological planting bags are used for planting wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants, the floating body comprises a plurality of flexible net cages and a plurality of block-shaped floating bodies filled in the flexible net cages, the flexible net cages are sequentially connected to form a whole structure, and a liner or a bag body is laid on the inner sides of the flexible net cages.
9. The breakwater construction method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, comprising the steps of:
the first step is as follows: manufacturing an artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure, manufacturing an artificial fish reef by foaming cement and filling base materials with different specific gravities, connecting the artificial fish reef in series by using plastic metal composite pipes and fixing the artificial fish reef in a multilayer diaphragm plate, stretching and fixing the diaphragm plate by using mediastinum cloth, and fixedly connecting the mediastinum cloth up and down by using a cable to form the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure, and placing the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure underwater;
the second step is that: manufacturing a floating bed structure, namely manufacturing a block-shaped floating body by foaming cement and filling base materials with different specific gravities, filling the block-shaped floating body into a flexible net cage, sequentially connecting a plurality of flexible net cages to form an integral floating main body, and placing the integral floating main body on the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure;
the third step: planting aquatic organisms, installing an ecological planting bag on the floating main body, and inserting wave-absorbing and sand-fixing plants on the ecological planting bag.
10. A breakwater construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a fourth step of: manufacturing an ecological sand bag, selecting local materials and filling the fillers into the ecological sand bag, and stacking the manufactured ecological sand bag below the artificial fish reef wave dissipation structure according to an application scene, or paving and reinforcing the edge of a bank, or stacking to form a footpath.
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