CN219343265U - Ecological cofferdam for mangrove oyster shells - Google Patents
Ecological cofferdam for mangrove oyster shells Download PDFInfo
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- CN219343265U CN219343265U CN202223594941.1U CN202223594941U CN219343265U CN 219343265 U CN219343265 U CN 219343265U CN 202223594941 U CN202223594941 U CN 202223594941U CN 219343265 U CN219343265 U CN 219343265U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses an ecological cofferdam for mangrove oyster shells, which is characterized in that a main body of the ecological cofferdam is of a trapezoid structure and is formed by stacking a bottom bagged mud layer and a top oyster shell crushed stone layer, so that the ecological cofferdam is more stable in structure, and the functions of dissipating waves and purifying water quality of oyster shells can be effectively utilized. In addition, the wave eliminating effect can be further improved by arranging the column on the top layer of the cofferdam, and the effect of resisting the disastrous damage of the occasional large-sized floaters to the mangrove forest belt is enhanced. The blocking net can be additionally arranged on the column to intercept floating garbage, so that the floating garbage is prevented from winding and damaging the mangrove forest, the survival rate of the mangrove forest is improved, and the manual maintenance cost is reduced. The mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam has the advantages of stable structure, environment-friendly materials, wide applicability and important effect on the conservation and growth of mangrove ecology.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of marine ecological restoration, in particular to an ecological cofferdam for a mangrove oyster shell.
Background
The pollution of the global mangrove area is polluted and destroyed to different degrees, and the main threats suffered by the Chinese mangrove include pollution, reclamation, capital construction and urban construction, excessive fishing and collection and foreign species invasion. 35% of mangrove forests worldwide have disappeared and are currently decreasing at a rate of 1% -2% per year; the results observed by the satellite remote sensing technology show that the global mangrove area is reduced by more than 1 ten thousand square kilometers from 2000 to 2020.
The primary step of constructing and repairing the damaged mangrove is to construct the habitat of the mangrove, and the current main technology of constructing or repairing the habitat of the mangrove is mainly realized by wood pile cofferdams, sandbag cofferdams, earth cofferdams and the like. The main functions of the traditional cofferdams such as the wood pile cofferdam, the sandbag cofferdam, the earth cofferdam and the like are to prevent the mangrove planting silt from losing. Although these conventional cofferdams can reduce to some extent the impact of the wash of the rising and falling tide on mangrove forests, they are less effective. When the construction is finished, the mangrove seedlings are washed by the rising and falling tide, and the damage of the seedlings at the outer edge of the planting area is more serious than that at the inner part of the planting area. Patent CN113179847a discloses a construction method of mangrove suitable forest land based on oyster reefs, which uses oyster shells to be piled up into oyster walls; the oyster wall is used for eliminating the scouring of sea waves to the beach and protecting the beach, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting mangrove forests. The oyster shell is light in weight, and after being piled up into a wall, the wall body formed by the oyster shell has certain wave-dissipating effect, so that the stability of the wall body cannot be well ensured. The existing cofferdam has single function, can not well prevent garbage floating in seawater from entering mangroves, and has no defense effect on large floaters (such as fishing boats) in extreme weather.
In view of the above, it is highly desirable to provide a structure that can prevent wind and dissipate waves, improve survival rate of seedlings at the outer edge of a mangrove planting area, intercept floating garbage at sea, and prevent damage of sporadic large-sized floats to mangroves, particularly small and medium seedlings before forestation, while constructing mangrove habitat, so that the whole mangrove system can grow healthily and continuously.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, the object of the present utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide an ecological cofferdam that can effectively protect mangroves and provide a good habitat for mangroves.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the utility model is as follows: an ecological cofferdam for a mangrove oyster shell, which comprises a cofferdam main body and a mangrove belt; the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer which are arranged from bottom to top; the cofferdam main body is of a trapezoid structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part; the bottom layer of the cofferdam is a bagged mud layer, and the top layer of the cofferdam is an oyster shell gravel layer; the method is characterized in that one side of the cofferdam close to the shore is filled with sludge, the filling height of the sludge is 300-500 mm lower than that of the cofferdam roof, and mangrove forests are planted on the sludge; the bagged mud layer is formed by stacking bagged mud, and the oyster shell crushed stone layer is formed by stacking oyster shell crushed stone filled in a nylon mesh bag.
The mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam main body is trapezoid and is stable in structure. The height of the top layer of the cofferdam main body is determined according to the elevation of the suitable mud surface of the mangrove forest belt in different geographic positions, and the height of the top layer of the cofferdam main body exceeds the elevation of the mud surface by 300-500 mm.
The bottom layer of the cofferdam main body is of a bagged mud structure, and is more stable relative to the cofferdam structure of oyster shells; the oyster shell gravel layer on the top layer of the cofferdam main body is matched with oyster shells and gravels, and a certain amount of gravels are added to increase the balance weight of the top layer structure, so that the top layer structure is more stable; on the other hand, compared with a cofferdam formed by only bagged mud, the oyster shell and the crushed stone of the oyster stone layer have uneven surfaces, have a certain reduction effect on sea waves, are beneficial to adhesion organisms, and are beneficial to subsequent reef formation to achieve the effect of wave elimination and dike fixation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the gradient of the sea side of the cofferdam body is 1:2; the slope of the main body of the cofferdam on the shore side is 1:1.
preferably, the cofferdam top layer has a width of at least 1m.
Preferably, the bagged mud is obtained by filling silt into a woven geotechnical cloth bag, and the unit area mass of the woven geotechnical cloth bag is 200g/m 2 。
Preferably, the oyster shell crushed stone is filled in the nylon net bag.
Preferably, in the oyster shell stone layer, the volume ratio of the oyster shell to the stone is: macadam=1:0.3 to 1:0.6.
Under the proportion, the stability and the wave eliminating effect of the upper layer structure are better.
Further, a plurality of columns perpendicular to the cofferdam are arranged on the top layer of the cofferdam along the length direction of the cofferdam, and the columns protrude out of the top layer of the cofferdam and are higher than the designed high water level by more than 1m.
The wave eliminating effect of the cofferdam can be further enhanced by arranging the columns which are horizontally arranged on the cofferdam; the column can be made of wood columns, bamboo poles and the like, and can be positioned in the cofferdam main body in advance when the cofferdam main body is built, and the column is surrounded and fixed through stacked oyster shell broken stone bags and bagged mud.
In a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the column is a prism, and the prism is formed by a plurality of support bars vertically inserted into the cofferdam body, the support bars are covered with a purse net, and the purse net is filled with the bagged oyster shells.
Compared with the original ecological materials such as wood columns and the like which are directly used as the columns, the column formed by oyster shells has a certain wave-eliminating effect, is small in size limitation and is firm and durable in structure. The firmness and strength of the column can be enhanced if the reef is further formed. In addition, as the column formed by the structure has better anti-striking force, the possibility of serious damage to mangroves caused by huge floaters brought by accidental conditions (such as bringing nearby fishing boats to mangrove belts caused by storm weather) can be reduced, and the protection effect on the mangrove belts is further enhanced.
Preferably, the column is a quadrangular prism, four edges of the quadrangular prism are formed by four bamboo poles, the diameter of each bamboo pole is not less than 8cm, and the side length of the cross section of the quadrangular prism is not less than 30cm.
The bamboo poles with larger diameters are selected as four edges of the quadrangular prism, so that the supporting effect is good, the prism volume is larger, and the impact force of large floaters can be better resisted.
As a preferred implementation mode of the utility model, a blocking net is arranged between the columns, the blocking net is arranged on the sea side of the columns, the top elevation of the blocking net is more than 0.5m higher than the designed high water level, and the bottom of the blocking net extends to the top layer of the cofferdam.
Through hang and establish the block that the aperture is suitable on the column, can intercept the floating rubbish that wave or tidal water brought, prevent that it from getting into the mangrove forest, reduce the winding and the damage of sea floating rubbish to the mangrove nursery stock, alleviate mangrove forest maintainer's work load.
Preferably, the interval between the columns is 1-2 m; the diameter of the net holes of the blocking net is 3-5 cm.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
the utility model provides an ecological cofferdam for a mangrove oyster shell, which is characterized in that a main body of the ecological cofferdam is of a trapezoid structure and is formed by stacking a bagged mud layer and an oyster shell gravel layer. The bagged mud layer at the bottom layer of the cofferdam is stable in structure and can well prevent the loss of mud; through setting up oyster shell gravel layer on the upper strata, on the one hand realize the recycling of abandonment oyster shell, on the other hand strengthened ecological cofferdam's unrestrained function disappears, has important effect to the harm of reduction wave to mangrove, and oyster shell itself still has the effect of purifying water quality, is favorable to the growth of mangrove. After the oyster shell gravel layer further forms a reef body, the stability and the wave-eliminating effect of the cofferdam can be further improved. Compared with a cofferdam protection structure formed by stacking wood piles, bamboo piles or oyster shells, the cofferdam protection structure is more stable; compared with a structure formed by stacking silt and sand bags, the mangrove seedling is subjected to wind prevention and wave elimination, and meanwhile, the oyster shell can be recycled, so that the mangrove seedling is more environment-friendly.
Further, the wave eliminating effect can be improved by arranging the column on the top layer of the cofferdam, and especially, the column formed by the bagged oyster shells is better in wave eliminating effect and stronger in impact resistance, and is more effective in resisting disastrous damage of occasional large floaters to mangrove belts.
The columns can be hung with the blocking net, the blocking net can intercept floating garbage, winding and damage of the floating garbage to mangrove forests are prevented, and the manual maintenance cost of mangrove forests is reduced. Compared with the method of directly arranging the blocking net on the sea, the blocking net has the advantages of shorter hanging rod, low manufacturing cost, short construction period, better effect, better stability of the blocking net and certain blocking effect on large-scale floaters.
The mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam provided by the utility model has the advantages of environment-friendly material, simple structure and wide applicability, and plays an important role in nursing and growing mangrove ecology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam of the embodiment 1 of the present utility model;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam of the embodiment 2 of the present utility model;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam of example 2 of the present utility model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam barrier structure in embodiment 2 of the present utility model;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the mangrove oyster shell ecological cofferdam column of example 3 of the present utility model;
wherein 1 is a cofferdam bottom layer, 2 is a cofferdam top layer, 3 is a mangrove forest belt, 4 is a column, 5 is a barrier net, 6 is a bamboo pole, 7 is oyster shell, 8 is a purse net, 31 is silt, and 31 is mangrove forest.
Detailed Description
For a better description of the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model, the present utility model will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the ecological cofferdam for the oyster shells of mangroves comprises a cofferdam main body and a mangrove belt 3; the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer 1 and a cofferdam top layer 2 which are arranged from bottom to top; the cofferdam main body is of a trapezoid structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part; the cofferdam bottom layer 1 is a bagged mud layer, and the cofferdam top layer 2 is an oyster shell gravel layer; the method is characterized in that one side of the cofferdam close to the shore is filled with sludge 31, the filling height of the sludge 31 is 300-500 mm lower than the highest point of the top layer 2 of the cofferdam, and mangrove forests 32 are planted in the sludge 31; the bagged mud layer is formed by stacking bagged mud, and the oyster shell crushed stone layer is formed by stacking oyster shell crushed stone filled in a nylon mesh bag.
The gradient of the sea side of the cofferdam main body is 1:2; the slope of the main body of the cofferdam on the shore side is 1:1. the width of the cofferdam top layer is at least 1m.
The bagged mud is obtained by filling silt into a woven geotechnical cloth bag, and the unit area mass of the woven geotechnical cloth bag is 200g/m 2 . The cofferdam top layer 2 is formed by stacking oyster shells and broken stones filled in nylon mesh bags. The volume ratio of oyster shell to crushed stone in the nylon net bag is oyster shell: macadam=1:0.3 to 1:0.6.
The cofferdam main body is more stable, can resist damage caused by sea waves to day and night scouring of the mangrove forest belt 3, effectively prevents sludge loss of the mangrove forest belt, and is beneficial to conservation and enlargement of the mangrove forest. Organisms in the seawater can be attached to oyster shells on the top layer of the cofferdam at the moment, so that oyster reefs are formed for a long time, and the cofferdam main body is further stabilized. The oyster in the net bag has a certain wave-eliminating effect due to the uneven surface structure.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the ecological cofferdam for the oyster shells of mangroves comprises a cofferdam main body and a mangrove belt 3; the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer 1 and a cofferdam top layer 2 which are arranged from bottom to top; the cofferdam main body is of a trapezoid structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part; the cofferdam bottom layer 1 is a bagged mud layer, and the cofferdam top layer 2 is an oyster shell gravel layer; the method is characterized in that one side of the cofferdam close to the shore is filled with sludge 31, the filling height of the sludge 31 is 300-500 mm lower than the highest point of the top layer 2 of the cofferdam, and mangrove forests 32 are planted in the sludge 31; the bagged mud layer is formed by stacking bagged mud, and the oyster shell crushed stone layer is formed by stacking oyster shell crushed stone filled in a nylon mesh bag.
The gradient of the sea side of the cofferdam main body is 1:2; the slope of the main body of the cofferdam on the shore side is 1:1. the width of the cofferdam top layer is at least 1m.
The bagged mud layer of the cofferdam bottom layer 1 is formed by stacking bagged mud, wherein the bagged mud is obtained by filling silt into a woven geotechnical cloth bag, and the unit area mass of the woven geotechnical cloth bag is 200g/m 2 . The volume ratio of oyster shell to crushed stone in the nylon net bag is oyster shell: macadam=1:0.3 to 1:0.6.
A plurality of columns 4 (refer to fig. 3) perpendicular to the cofferdam top layer 2 are arranged along the length direction of the cofferdam, and the columns 4 protrude out of the cofferdam top layer 2 and are higher than the designed high water level by more than 1 m; the bottom of the column 4 is inserted into the cofferdam top layer 2 and the cofferdam bottom layer 1, thereby fixing the column 4 therein.
A blocking net 5 (refer to fig. 4) is further arranged between the columns 4, the blocking net 5 is arranged on the sea side of the columns 4, the top elevation of the blocking net is greater than the designed high water level by more than 0.5m, and the bottom of the blocking net 5 extends to the cofferdam top layer 2. The interval between the columns 4 is 1-2 m; the diameter of the mesh holes of the blocking net 5 is 3-5 cm.
Through setting up the column on the cofferdam, increased the unrestrained function of eliminating of cofferdam, can hang on the column simultaneously and establish the block to intercept the floated rubbish of following the unrestrained tide, compare and set up the block in the sea directly, the material of bracing piece (i.e. column) is less, and the cost is low, the time limit for a project is short, moreover fixed effect is better, more firm. The barrier net hung on the column can intercept garbage drifting along with sea tides, so that the garbage is prevented from entering the mangrove forest belt to cause damage to mangrove seedlings.
Example 3
The cofferdam main body and the mangrove belt 3 in the embodiment are the same as those in the embodiment 1, a plurality of columns 4 perpendicular to the cofferdam main body and the mangrove belt are arranged on the cofferdam top layer 2 along the length direction of the cofferdam, and the intervals between the columns 4 are 1-2 m.
The column 4 is a quadrangular prism, four bamboo poles 6 vertically inserted into the cofferdam main body form four edges of the quadrangular prism, the diameter of each bamboo pole 6 is not less than 8cm, and the side length of the cross section of the quadrangular prism is not less than 30cm; the bamboo poles 6 are wrapped with a purse net 8, and bagged oyster shells 7 (refer to fig. 5) are filled in the purse net 8.
The column strength that constitutes by the oyster shell in bags is higher, can intercept in the big floater that brings in the unrestrained weather of strong wind: the floats are limited in length or width, and cannot collide with the columns through the column spacing areas or between the column spacing areas so as to reduce the speed, and the destructive striking of mangrove seedlings caused by directly rushing into mangrove belts at high speed is avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present utility model and not for limiting the scope of the present utility model, and although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present utility model may be modified or substituted equally without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological cofferdam for the mangrove oyster shell is characterized by comprising a cofferdam main body and a mangrove belt; the cofferdam main body comprises a cofferdam bottom layer and a cofferdam top layer which are arranged from bottom to top; the cofferdam main body is of a trapezoid structure with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part; the bottom layer of the cofferdam is a bagged mud layer, and the top layer of the cofferdam is an oyster shell gravel layer; the method is characterized in that one side of the cofferdam close to the shore is filled with sludge, the filling height of the sludge is 300-500 mm lower than that of the cofferdam roof, and mangrove forests are planted on the sludge; the bagged mud layer is formed by stacking bagged mud, and the oyster shell broken stone layer is filled in a nylon mesh bag by oyster shell broken stone.
2. The ecological cofferdam as set forth in claim 1, wherein the slope of the sea side of the cofferdam is 1:2; the slope of the cofferdam side of being close to shore is 1:1.
3. an ecological cofferdam as in claim 1, wherein said cofferdam top layer has a width of at least 1m.
4. The ecological cofferdam of claim 1, wherein the bagged mud is obtained by filling mud into a woven geotextile bag, and the unit area mass of the woven geotextile bag is 200g/m 2 。
5. The ecological cofferdam of claim 1, wherein in the oyster shell stone layer, the volume ratio of oyster shell to stone is oyster shell: macadam=1:0.3 to 1:0.6.
6. The ecological cofferdam as set forth in claim 1, wherein the top cofferdam layer is provided with a plurality of columns perpendicular thereto along the length direction of the cofferdam, and the columns protrude from the top cofferdam layer by more than 1m above the designed high water level.
7. The ecological cofferdam of claim 6, wherein the columns are prisms, the prisms are formed by a plurality of support bars vertically inserted into the main body of the cofferdam, the support bars are externally wrapped with a purse net, and the purse net is internally filled with bagged oyster shells.
8. The ecological cofferdam of claim 7, wherein the columns are quadrangular, four edges of which are formed by four bamboo poles, the diameter of the bamboo poles is not less than 8cm, and the side length of the cross section of the quadrangular is not less than 30cm.
9. The ecological cofferdam of claim 6, wherein a barrier is further arranged between the columns, the barrier is arranged on the sea side of the columns, the top elevation of the barrier is greater than the designed high water level by more than 0.5m, and the bottom of the barrier extends to the top layer of the cofferdam.
10. An ecological cofferdam as claimed in claim 9, wherein the spacing between the columns is 1-2 m, and the diameter of the net openings of the barrier net is 3-5 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202223594941.1U CN219343265U (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Ecological cofferdam for mangrove oyster shells |
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| CN202223594941.1U CN219343265U (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Ecological cofferdam for mangrove oyster shells |
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| CN219343265U true CN219343265U (en) | 2023-07-14 |
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| CN202223594941.1U Active CN219343265U (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Ecological cofferdam for mangrove oyster shells |
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