CN111945416B - 一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法,属于超吸水纤维表面交联领域,针对SAF吸水后表面过渡凝胶导致的阻碍吸水性能、互相粘结等技术问题,本发明提出了通过表面交联处理,提高表层的交联密度,构建具有“核‑壳”结构的SAF纤维,利用高交联度的“壳层”提高SAF的表面干爽性,同时保留“核层”的吸水性能,达到提高加压吸收量和保持纤维形貌完整性的目的;通过辐射交联,提高了纤维表层的交联密度,其在吸水条件下凝胶溶胀情况受到一定抑制,表面较为干爽,避免了过渡凝胶而相互黏连成块的问题;且干爽的表面可有效保持纤维的吸水通道,保持良好的吸水性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及超吸水纤维表面交联领域,尤其涉及一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法。
背景技术
超吸水纤维(SAF)是继超吸水树脂(SAP)之后发展起来的特殊功能纤维,其吸水倍率比常规合成纤维几十倍或几百倍,具有吸水量大、保水性好及赋形性好。目前超吸水纤维的制造方法主要有纤维亲水化改性和高吸水性树脂纺丝法。其中高吸水性树脂纺丝法得到的纤维性能较好,其基本思路是先制得可纺性超吸水性树脂,然后再纺丝成形制成纤维。所使用的可纺性高吸水性树脂主要采用吸水性单体与非亲水性(或亲水性小)物质共聚的方法制取,共聚所使用的单体主要是含氰基、酰胺基、酯基、羧酸基、磺酸钠基等乙烯基的不饱和单体,如丙烯腈、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、对苯乙烯磺酸钠等,其中丙烯酸系应用最为广泛,如英国考陶尔(现名)公司和联合胶体公司的商品“oasis”,采用的是以丙烯酸和辅助单体为共聚单元、干法成纤的技术路线:丙烯酸+丙烯酸钠+丙烯酸甲酯+甲基丙烯酸轻丙酯→共聚物纺丝原液→纤维→超吸水纤维“oasis”,该纤维的纯水吸水倍率达到80g/g,生理盐的吸水倍率达到40g/g;我国南通江潮纤维制品有限公司的吸水纤维也是采用类似工艺,主要单体为丙烯酸和交联单体。
高吸水纤维具有高吸水性能,广泛应用于卫生用品、医用材料、包装材料、光电缆等领域。但SAF吸水后表面凝胶化,一方面阻碍了水分子的进一步渗入,使纤维偏离了正常的网络溶胀,不利于充分发挥吸水性能;另一方面表面过度凝胶容易导致纤维互相粘结而变形。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题,而提出的一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制表面交联剂:将有机交联剂和去离子水按照一定比例混合配制成表面交联剂;
S2、辐射交联:将表面交联剂均匀喷洒于超吸水纤维表面,控制喷洒量占纤维质量的20-40%;
S3、利用电子束辐照表面吸附交联剂的纤维,使表面交联剂与超吸水纤维进行交联,得到表层交联密度高的超吸水纤维。
优选地,所述的有机交联剂为乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、氮丙啶交联剂、酰胺乙烯交联剂、环氧氯丙烷和甘油中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述S1中按照质量百分比来计,所述有机交联剂和去离子水的的百分比含量分别为1-12%和99-88%。
优选地,所述电子辐射辐照时辐射剂量为60-120kGy
优选地,所述超吸水纤维采用以下步骤制备:将丙烯酸通过NaOH溶液中和,中和度为70%,并在中和后溶液中加入一定量的10%聚乙烯醇水溶液和0.4%过硫酸钾,聚乙烯醇与丙烯酸的质量比为1:2,并在65℃-75℃中进行水溶液聚合1h-2h,当聚合反应液达到一定黏度时停止反应,以丙酮为凝固浴,进行湿法纺丝,得到超吸水纤维。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法,具备以下有益效果:
1.本发明的有益效果是:通过辐射交联,提高了纤维表层的交联密度,其在吸水条件下凝胶溶胀情况受到一定抑制,表面较为干爽,避免了过渡凝胶而相互黏连成块的问题;且干爽的表面可有效保持纤维的吸水通道,保持良好的吸水性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明提出的一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法的一具体实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
实施例1:
参考图1,一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制表面交联剂:将有机交联剂和去离子水按照一定比例混合配制成表面交联剂;
S2、辐射交联:将表面交联剂均匀喷洒于超吸水纤维表面,控制喷洒量占纤维质量的20-40%;
S3、利用电子束辐照表面吸附交联剂的纤维,使表面交联剂与超吸水纤维进行交联,得到表层交联密度高的超吸水纤维。
进一步,优选地,所述的有机交联剂为乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、氮丙啶交联剂、酰胺乙烯交联剂、环氧氯丙烷和甘油中的一种或多种。
进一步,优选地,所述S1中按照质量百分比来计,所述有机交联剂和去离子水的的百分比含量分别为1-12%和99-88%。
进一步,优选地,所述电子辐射辐照时辐射剂量为60-120kGy
进一步,优选地,所述超吸水纤维采用以下步骤制备:将丙烯酸通过NaOH溶液中和,中和度为70%,并在中和后溶液中加入一定量的10%聚乙烯醇水溶液和0.4%过硫酸钾,聚乙烯醇与丙烯酸的质量比为1:2,并在65℃-75℃中进行水溶液聚合1h-2h,当聚合反应液达到一定黏度时停止反应,以丙酮为凝固浴,进行湿法纺丝,得到超吸水纤维。
实施例2:基于实施例1,但又有所不同的是;
按照实施例1中的步骤制备表面交联密度高的超吸水纤维,并采用不同表面交联剂的百分比含量,实验结果如下表:
不同种类的表面交联剂的不同百分比含量的实验记录表
从上表实验结果可以看出由于超吸水纤维是一种微交联型材料,既要求纤维在水中不溶解,又要求纤维有较高的吸水率;因此超吸水纤维必须有合适的交联度,交联剂用量若过大,纤维的网络结构中交联密度大,溶胀时不易扩张,吸水率也相应变小。若交联剂用量过小,树脂形成的交联点太小,未能形成理想的三维网状结构,产品易溶于水,导致吸水率下降并直接影响到吸水后的凝胶强度;如上表可看出本实验中交联剂百分比含量取6%左右最佳,此时纤维吸液倍率最高,同时吸水后的凝胶强度也较大。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种超吸水纤维表面交联的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、配制表面交联剂:将有机交联剂和去离子水按照一定比例混合配制成表面交联剂;
S2、辐射交联:将表面交联剂均匀喷洒于超吸水纤维表面,控制喷洒量占纤维质量的20-40%;
S3、利用电子束辐照表面吸附交联剂的纤维,使表面交联剂与超吸水纤维进行交联,得到表层交联密度高的超吸水纤维;
所述S1中按照质量百分比计,所述有机交联剂和去离子水的百分比含量分别为1-12%和99-88%;
所述电子束辐照时的辐射剂量为60-120kGy;
所述的有机交联剂为乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、氮丙啶交联剂、酰胺乙烯交联剂、环氧氯丙烷和甘油中的一种或多种;
所述超吸水纤维采用以下步骤制备:将丙烯酸通过NaOH溶液中和,中和度为70%,并在中和后溶液中加入一定量的10%聚乙烯醇水溶液和0.4%过硫酸钾,聚乙烯醇与丙烯酸的质量比为1:2,并在65℃-75℃中进行水溶液聚合1h-2h,当聚合反应液达到一定黏度时停止反应,以丙酮为凝固浴,进行湿法纺丝,得到超吸水纤维。
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