CN111945173A - 一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺 - Google Patents
一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
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- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
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- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/368—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing magnesium cations
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- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/04—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions using inhibitors
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，涉及不锈钢表面处理技术领域，具体为一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，以下百分比份数的原料组份：所述腐蚀剂5‑30、钝化剂10‑40，渗透剂1‑5，缓蚀剂1‑3，填料20‑40，水余量。将腐蚀剂、钝化剂，渗透剂，缓蚀剂，填料按规定比例加上水混合在一起，搅拌均匀后整体会制成糊状膏体，所制得的混合物即是钝化膏剂。该奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，能够有效解决不锈钢设备与部件在成形、组装、焊接等制造过程中其表面的氧化膜会受到破坏，使钝化膜的完整性大大降低的问题，避免由于钝化膜的缺陷或不完整，不锈钢设备或部件在腐蚀环境中仍然会发生腐蚀的情况。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及不锈钢表面处理技术领域，具体涉及一种用于奥氏体不锈钢设备或制品的酸洗钝化技术。
背景技术
不锈钢具有良好的耐蚀性能、抗高温氧化性能，较好的低温性能以及优良的机械与加工性能。因此广泛用于石油化工、航空航天、轻工纺织、食品医药等各个领域。在海洋石油工业中，不锈钢作为一种优良的耐海水腐蚀金属越来越广泛的应用于海洋石油平台的各个部分。不锈钢的耐腐蚀主要是由于在空气中其表面氧化形成了一层极薄的（约1nm）致密钝化膜。这层钝化膜能够有效的阻止氧气、水分等腐蚀因子向不锈钢表面的进一步扩散，从而起到防腐防锈的作用。
但是，不锈钢材料在空气中自然氧化形成的钝化膜不可避免的会存在缺陷。同时，不锈钢设备与部件在成形、组装、焊接等制造过程中其表面的氧化膜会受到破坏，使钝化膜的完整性大大降低。由于这种钝化膜的缺陷或不完整，不锈钢设备或部件在腐蚀环境中仍然会发生腐蚀。因此，不锈钢容器在服役前有必要采用酸洗钝化等方法进一步增强其耐腐蚀性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，解决了上述背景技术中提出但是，不锈钢材料在空气中自然氧化形成的钝化膜不可避免的会存在缺陷。同时，不锈钢设备与部件在成形、组装、焊接等制造过程中其表面的氧化膜会受到破坏，使钝化膜的完整性大大降低。由于这种钝化膜的缺陷或不完整，不锈钢设备或部件在腐蚀环境中仍然会发生腐蚀的问题。
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：包括以下百分比份数的原料组份：所述腐蚀剂5-30、钝化剂10-40，渗透剂1-5，缓蚀剂1-3，填料20-40，水。
可选的，所述包括以下步骤；
S1、称重：按照百分比重计，称取腐蚀剂5%-30%、钝化剂10%-40%，渗透剂1%-5%，缓蚀剂1%-3%，填料20%-40%，水余量备用；
S2、混合：将腐蚀剂、钝化剂，渗透剂，缓蚀剂，填料按规定比例加上水混合在一起，搅拌均匀后整体会制成糊状膏体，所制得的混合物即是钝化膏剂。
可选的，所述腐蚀剂用于不锈钢设备或制品表面缺陷及杂质的去除，即完成酸洗过程，具有较强的化学活性。选自柠檬酸。
可选的，所述钝化剂用于不锈钢设备或表面酸洗后的钝化，具有较强的氧化性，选自柠檬酸和磷酸。磷酸除了有钝化作用外，还有光亮的作用，使经酸洗钝化处理的设备着色均匀一致。
可选的，所述缓蚀剂用于避免不锈钢设备或制品表面产生过度腐蚀，有利于钝化膜的形成。选自若丁和苯丙三唑。
可选的，所述填料使酸洗钝化膏呈糊状，并具有一定得粘度，增强了酸洗钝化膏的施工性能。选自硝酸镁和羧甲基纤维素钠。
可选的，所述包括以下步骤；
S1、涂抹钝化膏剂：将钝化膏放入高压喷涂设备中，通过高压喷涂至被处理设备或部件表面1-2mm厚；
S2、静置清洗：静置保持1-2小时后再进行清洗；
S3、检查：检查设备，经处理后的设备或部件表面均匀一致，兰点检测合格。
本发明提供了一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，具备以下有益效果：
1、本发明不锈钢酸洗钝化膏施工方式采用喷涂方法均匀地涂覆在被处理设备的表面，喷涂设备由动力源、隔膜泵、蓄压器、过滤器、酸洗钝化膏输送管、喷枪、压力控制器和酸洗钝化膏容器组成，隔膜泵的动力源可以是压缩空气、电动等动力源。隔膜泵1实际上就是栓塞泵，是借助薄膜将被输酸洗钝化膏与活柱和泵缸隔开，从而保护活柱和泵缸。蓄压器2的作用是稳定酸洗钝化膏的压力，当柱塞移动到上、下端时，为死点，速度等于零。在死点这一瞬间，无酸洗钝化膏输出，酸洗钝化膏压力产生波动。增设蓄压器就是减小这种波动，提高酸洗钝化膏的施工质量。蓄压器为一筒体，酸洗钝化膏由底部进入，进口处设钢球单向阀，在进料压力低于筒内压力时阀关闭。筒体体积越大，稳压作用越明显。过滤器3与蓄压器2合在一起，使结构紧凑，它用于过滤酸洗钝化膏，防止管路4堵塞。喷枪5由枪体、针阀、喷嘴、扳机、连接件等组成。枪体轻巧，坚固密封，扳机启闭方便，喷嘴耐蚀耐磨，操作灵活。本发明的酸洗钝化膏存放于6中，由隔膜泵1抽取至蓄压过滤器2、3，经压力控制器和输送管到喷枪对被处理工件进行酸洗钝化膏的喷涂，使在被处理设备或部件上均匀涂覆一层酸洗钝化膏。
2、在酸洗钝化过程中，酸液的化学活性使不锈钢表面原有的容易发生腐蚀的缺陷部位的溶解率比表面上其他部位高，从而除去了腐蚀的隐患。更为重要的是，由于不锈钢表面铁和铁的氧化物比铬和铬的氧化物优先溶解，使得铬元素在不锈钢表面富集，进而氧化成为稳定的铬氧化物层，形成以铬的氧化物为主要结构的富铬钝化膜。这种富铬钝化膜大大提高了不锈钢表面的电位和稳定性，使不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能大大提高。
3、采用钝化膏，钝化膏属于膏剂法，膏剂法可用于大型设备内外表面及局部处理，现场的安装或检修，尤其适用于焊接部位的酸洗钝化处理。每次涂抹处理都用新的钝化膏一次性处理，表面一层钝化结束反应即停止，不易过腐蚀，不受后续冲洗时间限制，焊缝等薄弱环节还可以加强钝化。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种技术方案：一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，包括以下百分比份数的原料组份：所述腐蚀剂5-30、钝化剂10-40，渗透剂1-5，缓蚀剂1-3，填料20-40，水，包括以下步骤；
S1、称重：按照百分比重计，称取腐蚀剂5%-30%、钝化剂10%-40%，渗透剂1%-5%，缓蚀剂1%-3%，填料20%-40%，水余量备用；
S2、混合：将腐蚀剂、钝化剂，渗透剂，缓蚀剂，填料按规定比例加上水混合在一起，搅拌均匀后整体会制成糊状膏体，所制得的混合物即是钝化膏剂，从柠檬酸中提取腐蚀剂，从柠檬酸和磷酸制成钝化剂，再从若丁和苯丙三唑中提取出缓冲剂，而填料选自硝酸镁和羧甲基纤维素钠，最后将各自提取的试剂混合在一起，制成膏剂；
S1、涂抹钝化膏剂：将钝化膏放入高压喷涂设备中，通过高压喷涂至被处理设备或部件表面1-2mm厚；
S2、静置清洗：静置保持1-2小时后再进行清洗；
S3、检查：检查设备，经处理后的设备或部件表面均匀一致，兰点检测合格。
综上所述，该奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺的步骤；
S1、称重：按照百分比重计，称取腐蚀剂5%-30%、钝化剂10%-40%，渗透剂1%-5%，缓蚀剂1%-3%，填料20%-40%，水余量备用；
S2、混合：将腐蚀剂、钝化剂，渗透剂，缓蚀剂，填料按规定比例加上水混合在一起，搅拌均匀后整体会制成糊状膏体，所制得的混合物即是钝化膏剂。
S3、涂抹钝化膏剂：将钝化膏放入高压喷涂设备中，通过高压喷涂至被处理设备或部件表面1-2mm厚；
S4、静置清洗：静置保持1-2小时后再进行清洗；
S5、检查：检查设备，经处理后的设备或部件表面均匀一致，兰点检测合格。
实施例1
一种奥氏体不锈钢清洗钝化剂，其是由如下质量百分比的原料组成：腐蚀剂5%，钝化剂40%，缓蚀剂1%，渗透剂2%填料30%，水22%。
所述的腐蚀剂为：柠檬酸60%+氢氟酸40%；所述的钝化剂为：柠檬酸10%+磷酸90%；所述的缓蚀剂为：苯丙三唑；所述的渗透剂为：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚；所述的填料为：硝酸镁。
将上述不锈钢酸洗钝化膏喷涂于所处理设备表面1-2mm厚，室温下保持2小时后用清水冲洗，钝化处理后的设备目测均匀一致，经兰点检测结果为合格。
实施例2
一种奥氏体不锈钢清洗钝化剂，其是由如下质量百分比的原料组成：腐蚀剂10%，钝化剂35%，缓蚀剂2%，渗透剂1%填料20%，水32%。
所述的腐蚀剂为：柠檬酸60%+乙酸40%；所述的钝化剂为：硝酸15%+磷酸85%；所述的缓蚀剂为：苯丙三唑；所述的渗透剂为：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚；所述的填料为：羧甲基纤维素钠。
将上述不锈钢酸洗钝化膏喷涂于所处理设备表面1-2mm厚，室温下保持2小时后用清水冲洗，钝化处理后的设备目测均匀一致，经兰点检测结果为合格。
实施例3
一种奥氏体不锈钢清洗钝化剂，其是由如下质量百分比的原料组成：腐蚀剂15%，钝化剂30%，缓蚀剂2%，渗透剂3%，填料25%，水25%。
所述的腐蚀剂为：柠檬酸70%+硫酸30%；所述的钝化剂为：硝酸25%+磷酸75%；所述的缓蚀剂为：苯丙三唑40%+若丁60%；所述的渗透剂为：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚50%+十二烷基苯磺酸钠50%；所述的填料为：羧甲基纤维素钠20%+澎润土80%。
将上述不锈钢酸洗钝化膏喷涂于所处理设备表面1-2mm厚，室温下保持1.5小时后用清水冲洗，钝化处理后的设备目测均匀一致，经兰点检测结果为合格。
实施例4
一种奥氏体不锈钢清洗钝化剂，其是由如下质量百分比的原料组成：腐蚀剂25%，钝化剂25%，缓蚀剂3%，渗透剂5%，填料25%，水17%。
所述的腐蚀剂为：柠檬酸70%+羟基乙酸30%；所述的钝化剂为：硝酸25%+磷酸75%；所述的缓蚀剂为：乌洛托品；所述的渗透剂为：脂肪醇50%+十二烷基苯磺酸钠50%；所述的填料为：硫酸镁20%+澎润土80%。
将上述不锈钢酸洗钝化膏喷涂于所处理设备表面1-2mm厚，室温下保持1小时后用清水冲洗，钝化处理后的设备目测均匀一致，经兰点检测结果为合格。
实施例5
一种奥氏体不锈钢清洗钝化剂，其是由如下质量百分比的原料组成：腐蚀剂30%，钝化剂10%，缓蚀剂3%，渗透剂1%，填料40%，水16%。
所述的腐蚀剂为：柠檬酸；所述的钝化剂为：磷酸；所述的缓蚀剂为：乌洛托品；所述的渗透剂为：十二烷基苯磺酸钠；所述的填料为：澎润土。
将上述不锈钢酸洗钝化膏喷涂于所处理设备表面1-2mm厚，室温下保持1小时后用清水冲洗，钝化处理后的设备目测均匀一致，经兰点检测结果为合格。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：包括以下百分比份数的原料组份：所述腐蚀剂5-30、钝化剂10-40，渗透剂1-5，缓蚀剂1-3，填料20-40，水余量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：所述包括以下步骤；
S1、称重：按照百分比重计，称取腐蚀剂5%-30%、钝化剂10%-40%，渗透剂1%-5%，缓蚀剂1%-3%，填料20%-40%，水余量备用；
S2、混合：将腐蚀剂、钝化剂，渗透剂，缓蚀剂，填料按规定比例加上水混合在一起，搅拌均匀后整体会制成糊状膏体，所制得的混合物即是钝化膏剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：所述腐蚀剂用于不锈钢设备或制品表面缺陷及杂质的去除，即完成酸洗过程，具有较强的化学活性，选自柠檬酸。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：所述钝化剂用于不锈钢设备或表面酸洗后的钝化，具有较强的氧化性，选自柠檬酸和磷酸，磷酸除了有钝化作用外，还有光亮的作用，使经酸洗钝化处理的设备着色均匀一致。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：所述缓蚀剂用于避免不锈钢设备或制品表面产生过度腐蚀，有利于钝化膜的形成，选自若丁和苯丙三唑。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：所述填料使酸洗钝化膏呈糊状，并具有一定得粘度，增强了酸洗钝化膏的施工性能，选自硝酸镁和羧甲基纤维素钠。
7.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种奥氏体不锈钢酸洗钝化膏及酸洗钝化工艺，其特征在于：所述包括以下步骤；
S1、涂抹钝化膏剂：将钝化膏放入高压喷涂设备中，通过高压喷涂至被处理设备或部件表面1-2mm厚；
S2、静置清洗：静置保持1-2小时后再进行清洗；
S3、检查：检查设备，经处理后的设备或部件表面均匀一致，兰点检测合格。
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| CN113736575A (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-03 | 长沙艾森设备维护技术有限公司 | 一种高铁制动电阻片清洗剂及其制备方法 |
| CN114214631A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-22 | 太原科技大学 | 一种奥氏体型铁镍基合金焊管的酸洗工艺 |
| CN115125529A (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-30 | 中国航发成都发动机有限公司 | 航空发动机不锈钢零组件局部钝化的方法 |
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| CN113736575A (zh) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-03 | 长沙艾森设备维护技术有限公司 | 一种高铁制动电阻片清洗剂及其制备方法 |
| CN114214631A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-22 | 太原科技大学 | 一种奥氏体型铁镍基合金焊管的酸洗工艺 |
| CN115125529A (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-30 | 中国航发成都发动机有限公司 | 航空发动机不锈钢零组件局部钝化的方法 |
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