CN111942140A - 用于运行机动车的传动系的方法和控制器 - Google Patents

用于运行机动车的传动系的方法和控制器 Download PDF

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CN111942140A
CN111942140A CN202010410897.0A CN202010410897A CN111942140A CN 111942140 A CN111942140 A CN 111942140A CN 202010410897 A CN202010410897 A CN 202010410897A CN 111942140 A CN111942140 A CN 111942140A
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transmission
electric machine
oil pump
temperature
motor vehicle
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米夏埃尔·绍特
马库斯·艾泽勒
马丁·迪特里希
弗朗茨·彼特泽
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0412—Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/06—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
    • F16H57/0436—Pumps
    • F16H57/0439—Pumps using multiple pumps with different power sources or a single pump with different power sources, e.g. one and the same pump may selectively be driven by either the engine or an electric motor
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    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02K9/193—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil with provision for replenishing the cooling medium; with means for preventing leakage of the cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K2001/003—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units with means for cooling the electrical propulsion units
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于运行机动车的传动系的方法和控制器。在用于运行机动车的方法方面，机动车具有内燃发动机和被接在内燃发动机与从动端(4)之间的自动化的换挡变速器，自动化的换挡变速器具有带有多个换挡元件(11)的换挡元件组，自动化的换挡变速器(3)具有油泵(9)和电机(8)，二者均被整合在自动化的换挡变速器(3)中，并与自动化的换挡变速器(3)的变速器输入轴(5)联接，油泵(9)提供变速器油流，以用于冷却换挡元件组(10)和冷却电机(8)，并且其中，换挡元件组(10)的换挡元件(11)能经由与油泵(9)无关的致动器进行驱控和切换。在机动车静止时，油泵(9)由电机(8)驱动，以便在机动车静止时冷却电机(8)。

Description

用于运行机动车的传动系的方法和控制器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于运行机动车的传动系的方法。此外，本发明还涉及用于执行该方法的控制器。
背景技术
本发明涉及一种用于运行具有自动化的换挡变速器的传动系的方法。自动化的换挡变速器具有换挡元件组，换挡元件组具有多个换挡元件，其中，换挡元件组能经由致动器、例如经由气动的致动器或电的致动器来驱控。油泵和电机被整合到自动化的换挡变速器中，其中，油泵提供了变速器油流，该变速器油流用于冷却和润滑换挡元件组以及冷却电机。因此，能经由由油泵提供的变速器油流来冷却自动化的换挡变速器的换挡元件组中的换挡元件以及被整合在自动化的换挡变速器中的电机。
在自动化的换挡变速器中，被整合到自动化的换挡变速器中的油泵和被整合到自动化的换挡变速器中的电机两者都与变速器输入轴联接。在具有这种自动化的换挡变速器的机动车的静止阶段中，在油泵停机时无法冷却电机。如果在停机阶段之前电机由于被大程度使用而应该被加热到相对较高的温度，则电机在停机阶段中将维持在该相对较高的温度，这是因为由于热辐射使得无法有足够的冷却效果被提供给电机。这种情况特别是当在静止阶段之后电机再次要求大功率时是不利的。为了避免电机过热，可能需要调设电机所要求的功率。这是不利的。
发明内容
由此出发，本发明的任务是提供新颖的用于运行机动车的传动系的方法和相应的控制器。
该任务通过根据权利要求1的用于运行机动车的传动系的方法来解决。
根据本发明，在机动车静止时，油泵由电机驱动，以便在机动车静止时冷却电机。
利用本发明提出的是，对于自动化的换挡变速器(油泵和电机两者以与变速器输入轴联接的方式被整合在该自动化的换挡变速器中)，在机动车辆静止时，经由电机来驱动油泵，以便使电机能够在机动车静止时被冷却。例如，当机动车处于红色交通信号灯下在利用内燃发动机的自动起停系统时，这可以尤其有利地被使用。在该情况下能够实现的是，可以在机动车静止时降低电机的温度。
根据有利的改进方案，在机动车静止时，于是当内燃发动机与变速器输入轴脱开时，并且于是当自动化的换挡变速器中断了朝从动端的方向传递转矩时，并且于是当电机的温度大于极限值时，并且于是当变速器油的温度低于电机的温度时，由电机来驱动油泵，以便在机动车静止时经由变速器油流来冷却电机。该措施是特别有利的，以便在机动车静止时降低电机的温度。
根据有利的改进方案，用于驱动油泵的电机的转速与电机的温度有关地并且/或者与变速器油的温度有关地来确定。由此可以有利地确定电机的转速以用于驱动油泵进而用于冷却电机。
优选地，电机的温度越高并且/或者电机的温度与变速器油的温度之间的差越小，电机的转速就被选择得较高。这些细节也被用于有利地确定电机的转速，在静止时电机驱动油泵以用于冷却电机。
根据本发明的控制器在权利要求9中被限定。
附图说明
优选的改进方案由从属权利要求和以下描述得出。本发明的实施例在不限于此的情况下参考附图被更详细地阐述。其中：
图1示出用于说明本发明的机动车的传动系的框图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了传动系1的示意性框图。传动系1具有内燃发动机2和自动化的换挡变速器3，该自动化的换挡变速器3被接在内燃发动机2与从动端4之间。自动化的换挡变速器3对转速和转矩进行变换，并且在从动端4处提供内燃发动机2的牵引力。
自动化的换挡变速器3具有变速器输入轴5和变速器输出轴6。内燃发动机2能经由分离离合器7与变速器输入轴5联接。
在离合器7断开时，内燃发动机2与变速器输入轴5脱开。然而，在离合器7闭合时，内燃发动机2与变速器输入轴5相接。变速器输出轴6与从动端4作用连接。
自动化的换挡变速器3具有由多个换挡元件11构成的换挡元件组10，其中，换挡元件组10的换挡元件11能由致动器12驱控，以便使换挡元件11切换，即将其挂入或者说闭合或将其挂出或者说断开。该致动器12优选是气动的致动器12。它也可以是电的致动器12。
电机8和油泵9被整合到自动化的换挡变速器3中。电机8和油泵9像换挡元件组10那样被整合在同一变速器壳体中。电机8和油泵9持久地与变速器输入轴5作用连接。在此，在电机8与变速器输入轴5之间和/或在油泵9与变速器输入轴5之间接有传动级。
图1还示出了发动机控制器13和变速器控制器14。发动机控制器13控制和/或调节内燃发动机2的运行。变速器控制器14控制和/或调节自动化的换挡变速器3的运行。为此，两个控制器13、14根据虚线双箭头地一方面与内燃发动机2和自动化的换挡变速器3以及另一方面彼此间进行数据交换。
如已经陈述的那样，电机8和油泵9均持久地与变速器输入轴5联接。经由油泵9可以提供变速器油流，以便冷却和润滑换挡元件组11。该由油泵9提供的变速器油流也用于冷却电机8。换挡元件组10和电机8因此使用同一冷却回路进行冷却。
用于驱控换挡元件组10的换挡元件11的致动器12与油泵9无关。因此，由油泵9提供的变速器油流不被用于对换挡元件进行的切换以便将换挡元件闭合或断开。为此，自动化的换挡变速器3具与油泵9无关的致动器12。
利用本发明提出了，在机动车静止时由电机8驱动油泵9，以便在机动车静止时经由由油泵9提供的变速器油流来冷却电机8。如果在机动车静止之前已经大程度地使用电机8并且因此具有相对较高的温度，则利用本发明可以确保在机动车静止时可以冷却电机8。
优选地设置的是，在机动车静止时，在离合器7断开的情况下，当内燃发动机2与变速器输入轴5脱开时，并且当换挡变速器3中断朝从动端5的方向的力矩传递时，这是因为该换挡变速器尤其处于空挡中，并且当电机9的温度大于极限值时，并且当变速器油的温度小于电机8的温度时，由电机8驱动自动化的换挡变速器3的油泵9。以便因此在机动车静止时经由由油泵9提供的变速器油流来冷却电机8。
电机8的其运行所具有的转速优选依赖于电机8的温度和/或依赖于变速器油的温度、优选依赖于这两个温度。
在此，电机8的温度越高，则选择电机8的转速就越高，以便提供足够高的变速器油流用来冷却电机8。
此外，电机8的转速优选依赖于电机8的温度与变速器油的温度之间的差来确定。该差呈现得越小，也就是电机8的温度与变速器油的温度之间的差越小，则选择电机8的转速就越高，以便能够经由变速器油流从电机8导走足够的热。
如果在上述方法中确认电机8的温度变得低于极限值，或者确认变速器油的温度变得高于电机8的温度，则结束根据本发明的方法。因此，使得在机动车静止时，基于电机8驱动油泵9将不再需要或不再有意义，这是因为要么不再需要对电机8冷却要么由于其温度使得变速器油不适用于对电机8冷却。
如已经陈述的那样，本发明涉及具有自动化的换挡变速器3的机动车的应用情况，在该自动化的换挡变速器中，电机8和油泵9必要时在其中间接有传动级的情况下持久性地与变速器输入轴5联接。在自动化的换挡变速器3中，电机8和油泵9都被整合在换挡变速器3中，其中，自动化的换挡变速器3的电机8和换挡元件11都被由油泵9提供的变速器油流冷却。该变速器油流不用于对换挡元件11切换，而仅用于对其进行冷却和润滑。
优选地，当机动车处于红色交通信号灯下在充分利用内燃发动机的自动起停系统时，本发明被使用。
本发明还可以在机动车停放时或之后使用，其中，于是在机动车静止时在内燃发动机2停机的情况下电机8优选一直被驱控以便驱动油泵9直到电机8的温度低于极限值或低于预设的停放温度。
本发明还涉及用于运行自动化的换挡变速器3的控制器，该控制器被设立成在控制侧实施上述方法。该控制器优选是变速器控制器14。根据本发明的控制器经由数据接口驱控被整合在自动化的换挡变速器3中的电机8，以便使该电机以限定的转速运行。于是当机动车静止时，根据本发明的控制器驱控电机8以驱动油泵9，以便在机动车静止时，更确切地说优选当电机8的温度高于极限值时，当变速器油的温度低于电机8的温度时，当内燃机2与变速器3脱开时，以及当自动化的换挡变速器3占据空挡位置时，冷却电机8。控制器可以经由数据接口与另外的结构组件交换数据，例如，与检测变速器油的温度和电机的温度的温度传感器交换数据。根据本发明的控制器还具有用于数据处理的处理器和用于数据存储的存储器。为了运行电机8，控制器、即处理器以上述方式和方法确定电机8的转速。
附图标记列表
1 传动系
2 内燃发动机
3 自动化的换挡变速器
4 从动端
5 变速器输入轴
6 变速器输出轴
7 分离离合器
8 电机
9 油泵
10 换挡元件组
11 换挡元件
12 致动器
13 发动机控制器
14 变速器控制器

Claims (10)

1.用于运行机动车的方法，所述机动车具有内燃发动机(2)和被接在所述内燃发动机(2)与从动端(4)之间的自动化的换挡变速器(3)，
其中，所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)具有带有多个换挡元件(11)的换挡元件组(10)，
其中，所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)具有油泵(9)和电机(8)，所述油泵和电机二者均被整合在所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)中，并与所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)的变速器输入轴(5)联接，
其中，所述油泵(9)提供变速器油流，以用于冷却所述换挡元件组(10)和冷却所述电机(8)，
其中，所述换挡元件组(10)的换挡元件(11)能经由与所述油泵(9)无关的致动器驱控和切换，
其特征在于，
在所述机动车静止时，所述油泵(9)由所述电机(8)驱动，以便在所述机动车静止时冷却所述电机(8)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述机动车静止时，
当所述内燃机(2)与所述变速器输入轴(5)脱开时，并且
当所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)中断朝所述从动端(5)方向的力矩传递时，并且
当所述电机(8)的温度大于极限值时，并且
当所述变速器油的温度低于所述电机(8)的温度时，
所述油泵(9)由所述电机(8)驱动，以便在所述机动车静止时经由变速器油流冷却所述电机(8)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)被转移到空挡中时，所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)中断朝所述从动端(4)的方向的力矩传递。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，用于驱动所述油泵(9)的电机(8)的转速根据所述电机(8)的温度来确定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机(8)的温度越高，所述电机(8)的转速则选择得越高。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，用于驱动所述油泵(9)的电机(8)的转速根据所述变速器油的温度来确定。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，用于驱动所述油泵(9)的电机(8)的转速根据所述电机(9)的温度与所述变速器油的温度之间的差来确定。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述电机(8)的温度与所述变速器油的温度之间的差越小，所述电机(8)的转速就选择得越高。
9.用于运行自动化的换挡变速器(3)的控制器，
其中，所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)具有带有多个换挡元件(11)的换挡元件组(10)，
其中，所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)具有油泵(9)和电机(8)，所述油泵和电机两者均被整合在所述自动化的换挡变速器(3)中，并与换挡变速器(3)的变速器输入轴(5)联接，
其中，能经由所述油泵(9)提供变速器油流，以用于冷却所述换挡元件组(10)并冷却所述电机(8)，
其中，所述换挡元件组(10)的换挡元件(11)能经由与所述油泵(9)无关的致动器驱控和切换，
其特征在于，
在所述机动车静止时，所述控制器驱控所述电机(8)以用于驱动所述油泵(9)，以便在所述机动车静止时冷却所述电机(8)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的控制器，其特征在于，所述控制器被设立成在控制方面执行根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法。
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