CN111938155B - 萝卜硫素的包埋物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种萝卜硫素的包埋物,包括以下组份:低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、萝卜硫素、钙离子。萝卜硫素的包埋物具有优良的稳定性,可以减缓萝卜硫素的分解速度。本发明还公开了一种萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一、将水、钙离子、低甲氧基果胶混合均匀,其中,低甲氧基果胶与水的质量比为1:20~25;步骤二、加入普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯混合均匀;步骤三、加入萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向搅拌均匀;步骤四、干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体。本发明具有制备方法简单,制备的萝卜硫素的包埋物稳定性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及萝卜硫素加工技术领域。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种萝卜硫素的包埋物及其制备方法。
背景技术
萝卜硫素(sulforaphane,SF),化学名称1-异硫氰酸-4-甲磺酸基丁烷,是植物中硫代葡萄糖苷在黑芥子酶作用下的一种含硫植物次生代谢产物。属于异硫氰酸酯类,是迄今为止在蔬菜中发现的最强的抗癌成分。萝卜硫素具有效预防多种癌症的发生和诱导癌细胞凋亡,比如胃癌细胞,结肠癌细胞等。萝卜硫素的提取技术已经很成熟,但由于萝卜硫素本身的性质,导致其不易生产和保存。萝卜硫素化学性质不稳定、易降解。比如当温度高于180℃时,自身开始分解。比如溶于水中后,温度超过40℃,开始分解。因此,给萝卜硫素的生产和保存带来不小的挑战。因此,研究开发一种减少萝卜硫分解的制备和保存的方法是值得思量的。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是解决至少上述问题,并提供至少后面将说明的优点。
本发明还有一个目的是提供一种萝卜硫素的包埋物,具有优良的稳定性,可以减缓萝卜硫素的分解速度。提供一种萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,制备方法简单,制备的萝卜硫素的包埋物稳定性好。
发明人在做萝卜硫素的稳定试验中偶然发现,采用低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白包埋萝卜硫素时,将包埋物溶解于水中,并置于理论上的分解温度40℃下进行观察,发现打破了萝卜硫素在水溶液中40℃下即立即分解的现象,从而继续进下调整工艺,设计并进行更多的试验来验证这一发现。
为了实现根据本发明的这些目的和其它优点,提供了一种萝卜硫素的包埋物,包括以下组份:低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、萝卜硫素、钙离子。
优选的是,低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯的质量比为1:0.4~0.5:0.1~0.2:0.05~0.1;
低甲氧基果胶与钙离子的质量比为100:0.2~0.5。
优选的是,水的含量小于7%。
优选的是,普鲁兰多糖的分子量为50~70万da。
提供一种萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将水、钙离子、低甲氧基果胶混合均匀,其中,低甲氧基果胶与水的质量比为1:20~25;
步骤二、加入普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯混合均匀;
步骤三、加入萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向搅拌均匀;
步骤四、干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体。
优选的是,步骤一、步骤二、步骤三中的搅拌均采用高速搅拌器搅拌。
优选的是,步骤一中钙离子由醋酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、氯化钙任意一种提供。
优选的是,步骤四中的干燥方式采用冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥。
本发明至少包括以下有益效果:
第一、本发明的萝卜硫素的包埋物,在普鲁兰多糖和麦谷蛋白一起与低甲氧基果胶联合作用时,可以显著提升对萝卜硫素的包埋作用,包埋效率更高。
第二、本发明的萝卜硫素的包埋物打破了萝卜硫素在水溶液中40℃下即立即分解的现象,并且可以在40~60℃这一更宽更高的范围内保持较低的分解速度。为以后萝卜硫素的生产、保存、及应用提供了更宽的适应条件。
本发明的其它优点、目标和特征将部分通过下面的说明体现,部分还将通过对本发明的研究和实践而为本领域的技术人员所理解。
附图说明
图1为实施例1~4、对比例1~3在40℃下分别加热10h、20h、30h的保有率变化趋势图;
图2为实施例1~4、对比例1~3分别在30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃下加热30h的保有率的变化趋势图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
需要说明的是,下述实施方案中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法,所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
下述实验中的醋酸钙可以用葡萄糖酸钙或氯化钙代替,只要能够提供离子状态的钙离子即可。
<实施例1>
萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将100g水、0.04g醋酸钙、5g低甲氧基果胶采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀,其中,低甲氧基果胶与水的质量比为1:20,低甲氧基果胶与醋酸钙的质量比为1:0.008;
步骤二、加入2g普鲁兰多糖、0.5g麦谷蛋白、0.25g蔗糖脂肪酸酯采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀,其中,低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯的质量比为1:0.4:0.1:0.05,普鲁兰多糖的分子量为50~70万da;
步骤三、加入0.35g萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向采用高速搅拌器搅拌均匀;
步骤四、冷冻干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,水分含量为6%。
<实施例2>
萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将100g水、0.08g醋酸钙、4g低甲氧基果胶采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀,其中,低甲氧基果胶与水的质量比为1:25,低甲氧基果胶与醋酸钙的质量比为1:0.02;
步骤二、加入2g普鲁兰多糖、0.8g麦谷蛋白、0.4g蔗糖脂肪酸酯采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀,其中,低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯的质量比为1:0.5:0.2:0.1,普鲁兰多糖的分子量为50~70万da;
步骤三、加入0.48g萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向采用高速搅拌器搅拌均匀;
步骤四、冷冻干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,水分含量为5%。
<实施例3>
萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将100g水、0.06g醋酸钙、4.5g低甲氧基果胶采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀;
步骤二、加入1.8g普鲁兰多糖、0.5g麦谷蛋白、0.3g蔗糖脂肪酸酯采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀,普鲁兰多糖的分子量为50~70万da;
步骤三、加入0.4g萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向采用高速搅拌器搅拌均匀;
步骤四、冷冻干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,水分含量为5%。
<实施例4>
萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将100g水、0.06g醋酸钙、4.5g低甲氧基果胶采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀;
步骤二、加入1.8g普鲁兰多糖、0.5g麦谷蛋白、0.3g蔗糖脂肪酸酯采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀,普鲁兰多糖的分子量为50~70万da;
步骤三、加入0.4g萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向采用高速搅拌器搅拌均匀;
步骤四、喷雾干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,水分含量为6%。
<对比例1>
萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将100g水、0.06g醋酸钙、4.5g低甲氧基果胶采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀;
步骤二、加入0.3g蔗糖脂肪酸酯采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀;
步骤三、加入0.4g萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向采用高速搅拌器搅拌均匀;
步骤四、冷冻干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,水分含量为6%。
<对比例2>
萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将100g水、0.06g醋酸钙、4.5g低甲氧基果胶采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀;
步骤二、加入1.8g普鲁兰多糖、0.3g蔗糖脂肪酸酯采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀,普鲁兰多糖的分子量为50~70万da;
步骤三、加入0.4g萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向采用高速搅拌器搅拌均匀;
步骤四、冷冻干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,水分含量为4%。
<对比例3>
萝卜硫素的包埋物的制备方法,还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将100g水、0.06g醋酸钙、4.5g低甲氧基果胶采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀;
步骤二、加入0.5g麦谷蛋白、0.3g蔗糖脂肪酸酯采用高速搅拌器搅拌搅拌均匀;
步骤三、加入0.4g萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向采用高速搅拌器搅拌均匀;
步骤四、冷冻干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,水分含量为5%。
<萝卜硫素的包埋物检测试验>
检测方法:采用HPLC测定方法,HPLC条件:色谱柱为华普公司Unitary C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm);柱温为30℃;流动相为水与乙腈的体积比为7:3;流速为0.8mL/min;进样量为10μL;紫外检测波长为245nm。
样品处理:取0.1g制备好的萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,定量溶解于10mL水中,采用上述检测方法检测萝卜硫素浓度。
取0.1g制备好的萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,采用10mL二氯甲烷洗涤萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体,以去除表面未包合的萝卜硫素,然后定量溶解于10mL水中,采用上述检测方法检测萝卜硫素浓度。
检测结果:
实施例1~4、对比例1~3的方法制备的萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体的包埋率如表1所示,包埋率为经二氯甲烷洗涤后的萝卜硫素浓度占未经二氯甲烷洗涤的百分比含量。
表1萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体溶液的包埋率
由表1可以看出,实施例1~4的包埋方法制备的萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体的包埋率显著高于对比例1~3的,说明当普鲁兰多糖和麦谷蛋白一起与低甲氧基果胶联合作用时,可以显著提升对萝卜硫素的包埋作用,包埋效率更高。
检测稳定性:
检测方法:取0.1g萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体(经二氯甲烷洗涤后的粉体),定量溶解于10mL水中,于40℃下的烘箱中加热,定时取样检测萝卜硫素浓度。
表2为实施例1~4、对比例1~3在40℃下分别加热10h、20h、30h后萝卜硫素浓度,计算保有率,如图1所示,图1所示为实施例1~4、对比例1~3在40℃下分别加热10h、20h、30h的保有率变化趋势图。
表2在不同加热时间后的萝卜硫素的含量
由表2和图1所示,可以看出实施例1~4的方法制备的萝卜硫素的包埋物在水溶液中的稳定性明显提高,由于萝卜硫素本身化学性质不稳定,其溶于水后,并且在温度达到40℃时即开始分解,通过实施例1~4的试验数据发现,经低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白联合作用包埋后的萝卜硫素稳定性显著提高,猜测可能是甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白与萝卜硫素形成了某种共价体系,使得当萝卜硫素包埋物溶解于水中后,萝卜硫素不能充分或者直接与水发生作用,而是被保护于甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白形成胶黏体系内,从而提高了萝卜硫素的稳定性,在外表现即为包埋物溶解于水中后,并且长时间处于40℃这一敏感温度时,仍能保持自身的稳定性。
为进一步探索包埋物的稳定性的程度,取0.1g萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体(经二氯甲烷洗涤后的粉体),定量溶解于10mL水中,分别于30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃的烘箱中加热30h,取样检测萝卜硫素浓度。
表3所示为实施例1~4、对比例1~3分别在30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃下加热30h后的萝卜硫素浓度,计算保有率,如图2所示,图2所示为实施例1~4、对比例1~3分别在30℃、40℃、50℃、60℃、70℃下加热30h的保有率的变化趋势图。
表3在不同加热温度下加热后的萝卜硫素的含量
由表3和图2可以看出,实施例1~4的方法制备的萝卜硫素的包埋物,其溶解于水后,不仅在40℃下很稳定,在60℃以下时,也都处于稳定的状态。而当温度达到70℃时,稳定性急剧下降,而对比例1~3的方法制备的萝卜硫素的包埋物,并不具备这一特性,其分解趋势随着温度上升,一直是快速下降的。这进一步说明申请人前面所猜测的是正确的。即甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白与萝卜硫素形成了某种共价体系,使得当萝卜硫素包埋物溶解于水中后,萝卜硫素不能充分或者直接与水发生作用,而是被保护于甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白形成胶黏体系内,从而提高了萝卜硫素的稳定性,在外表现即为包埋物溶解于水中后,并且长时间处于40~60℃这一温度范围时,仍能保持自身的稳定性。而当温度达到70℃时,打破了这一共价体系或胶黏体系,萝卜硫素快速的,充分的与水发生作用,并且处于70℃这一高温下,从而快速分解,致使保有率急剧下降。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。
Claims (5)
1.萝卜硫素的包埋物,其特征在于,包括以下组份:低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、萝卜硫素、钙离子;
低甲氧基果胶、普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯的质量比为1:0.4~0.5:0.1~0.2:0.05~0.1;
低甲氧基果胶与钙离子的质量比为100:0.2~0.5;
普鲁兰多糖的分子量为50~70万da;
还包括以下步骤:
步骤一、将水、钙离子、低甲氧基果胶混合均匀,其中,低甲氧基果胶与水的质量比为1:20~25;
步骤二、加入普鲁兰多糖、麦谷蛋白、蔗糖脂肪酸酯混合均匀;
步骤三、加入萝卜硫素沿同一时钟方向搅拌均匀;
步骤四、干燥即得萝卜硫素的包埋物粉体。
2.如权利要求1所述的萝卜硫素的包埋物,其特征在于,水的含量小于7%。
3.如权利要求1所述的萝卜硫素的包埋物,其特征在于,步骤一、步骤二、步骤三中的搅拌均采用高速搅拌器搅拌。
4.如权利要求1所述的萝卜硫素的包埋物,其特征在于,步骤一中钙离子由醋酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、氯化钙任意一种提供。
5.如权利要求1所述的萝卜硫素的包埋物,其特征在于,步骤四中的干燥方式采用冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥。
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