CN111934290A - Multi-terminal direct current breaker and control method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-terminal direct current breaker and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111934290A
CN111934290A CN202010630238.8A CN202010630238A CN111934290A CN 111934290 A CN111934290 A CN 111934290A CN 202010630238 A CN202010630238 A CN 202010630238A CN 111934290 A CN111934290 A CN 111934290A
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bus
msx
control method
current
fault
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CN111934290B (en
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郭彦勋
李海锋
顾广坤
许灿雄
王钢
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/05—Details with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of direct current transmission of a power system and discloses a multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker, which comprises n ports, wherein a port x is connected with a bidirectional thyristor BTx and a quick mechanical switch MSx through a residual current switch RCBx; one end of the MSx is connected with the BTx, and the other end of the MSx is connected with the 1 st bus; one end of the BTx is connected with the MSx, and the other end of the BTx is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ x; the reverse conducting thyristor RT, the inductor and the capacitor form a series branch which is connected with the lightning arrester in parallel, one end of the series branch is connected with the 1 st bus through a residual current switch RCB1_0, and the other end of the series branch is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ 0. The multi-terminal direct current breaker has the advantages of extremely low conduction loss and high breaking reliability, and also has the capability of isolating direct current bus faults. The invention also provides a control method of the multi-terminal direct current breaker.

Description

Multi-terminal direct current breaker and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of direct current transmission of a power system, in particular to a multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker and a control method thereof.
Background
In a large-scale flexible high-voltage direct-current power grid, one direct-current bus is provided with a plurality of direct-current outgoing lines. In order to selectively cut off a faulty line, each dc line port needs to be configured with a dc breaker, however, this configuration is too costly to build. A single multi-terminal direct-current circuit breaker is used for replacing a plurality of direct-current circuit breakers, so that a plurality of ports share expensive switching-off equipment, and the construction cost can be effectively reduced.
For most of the existing multi-terminal direct-current circuit breakers, when a system normally operates, a load current flows through a plurality of Load Commutation Switches (LCS) composed of IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors), and each LCS brings about conduction loss of tens of kilowatts. The existing multi-terminal direct current circuit breakers do not comprise LCS, load current only flows through a mechanical switch, and conduction loss is only dozens of watts and can be almost ignored. However, the conventional multi-terminal dc circuit breaker without the LCS needs to open a plurality of mechanical switches during the current breaking period, and the failure of any one mechanical switch causes the failure of the disconnection, so the disconnection reliability is low. The normal operation of the flexible high-voltage direct-current power grid can be seriously influenced by the failure of the multi-terminal direct-current circuit breaker.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new multi-terminal dc circuit breaker without LCS, which has a higher switching reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a novel multi-terminal direct current breaker. During the fault period of the cut-off port, the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker only needs to open one mechanical switch, and can provide backup protection when the mechanical switch fails, so that the cut-off reliability is effectively improved.
The invention also provides a control method of the multi-terminal direct current breaker.
The multi-terminal direct current breaker is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker is characterized by comprising n ports, wherein a port x is connected with a bidirectional thyristor BTx and a quick mechanical switch MSx through a residual current switch RCBx, wherein n is a natural number not less than 3, and x is a natural number not less than 1 and not more than n; one end of the MSx is connected with the BTx, and the other end of the MSx is connected with the 1 st bus; one end of the BTx is connected with the MSx, and the other end of the BTx is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ x; the reverse conducting thyristor RT, the inductor and the capacitor form a series branch which is connected with the lightning arrester in parallel, one end of the series branch is connected with the 1 st bus through a residual current switch RCB1_0, and the other end of the series branch is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ 0.
Preferably, the residual current switch opens no more than 10A of residual current in tens of milliseconds.
Preferably, the fast mechanical switch completes the opening within milliseconds.
Preferably, the capacitor has an initial voltage U0 in a normal state.
The control method of the multi-terminal direct current breaker is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a control method of a multi-terminal direct current breaker is used for controlling the multi-terminal direct current breaker, and comprises the following steps: a control method when an open port fails, a control method when a quick switch fails, and a control method when an open bus fails.
Preferably, the control method in the event of a failure of an open port includes the steps of:
step 1, during the normal operation of the system, the inverse thyristors and all the bidirectional thyristors are in a turn-off state, all the residual current switches are in a turn-on state, and the capacitor is charged to an initial voltage U0; the multi-terminal direct current breaker conducts system current through the rapid mechanical switches MS 1-MSn, and conduction loss is extremely low;
step 2, the port x fails at the time t 1; at the time t2, the multi-terminal direct-current circuit breaker detects a fault and immediately burns an arc opening MSx;
step 3, at the time t3, MSx completes the opening, BTx and RT are turned on, and the capacitor starts to discharge through the following loops: a capacitor-BTx-MSx-RT-inductor; at time t4, MSx arcs out and restores the insulation capability;
step 4, at the moment of t5, the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, and the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens RCBx, isolating port x.
Preferably, the control method when the quick switch fails comprises the following steps:
step 1, when a cut-off port x fails, MSx fails; at the time of t' 2, the multi-end direct-current circuit breaker identifies MSx failure and immediately arcs and opens all the quick mechanical switches except MSx;
step 2, at the time of t' 3, all the quick mechanical switches except the MSx complete brake opening, at the moment, the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker conducts the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors except the BTx, and then the capacitor starts to discharge; at the time t' 4, all the quick mechanical switches except the MSx are quenched and the insulating capability is recovered;
step 3, at the moment of t' 5, the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, and the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens RCBx, isolating port x.
Preferably, the control method when the open bus fails comprises the following steps: the control method for the 1 st bus fault and the control method for the 2 nd bus fault.
Preferably, the control method for the 1 st bus fault comprises the following steps:
step 1, after the multi-terminal direct current breaker detects a fault of a 1 st bus, all fast mechanical switches of an arc opening brake are immediately burnt;
step 2, after all the quick mechanical switches complete opening, the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors are conducted; then the capacitor starts to discharge, and the discharge current of the capacitor enables all the quick mechanical switches to extinguish arcs and recover the insulating capability;
step 3, after the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens the RCB1_0, isolating the 1 st bus.
Preferably, the control method for the 2 nd bus fault comprises the following steps: after the 2 nd bus fails, because the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors are in a turn-off state, the current injected into a failure point is very small and does not exceed 10A; after the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker detects the 2 nd bus fault, all residual current switches connected with the 2 nd bus are opened, and the 2 nd bus can be isolated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. load commutation switches LCS (inductance-capacitance-type switches) consisting of IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors) are contained in normal load current paths of some conventional multi-terminal direct-current circuit breakers, and the LCS can bring conduction loss of tens of kilowatts; the normal load current path of the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker only comprises a quick mechanical switch, and the conduction loss is extremely small.
2. The conventional multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker without the LCS needs to open a plurality of quick mechanical switches during the fault of a cut-off port, the failure of any one quick mechanical switch can cause the cut-off failure, and the cut-off reliability is low; in the period of the fault of the cut-off port of the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker, only 1 quick mechanical switch needs to be opened, and the fault of the cut-off port can be still cut off by means of other quick mechanical switches when the quick mechanical switch fails; therefore, the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker has high breaking reliability.
3. The existing multi-terminal direct current circuit breakers need to utilize a main circuit breaker consisting of a large number of IGBTs to cut off current, and the IGBTs are high in cost and low in capacity; the power electronic devices required by the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker are thyristors with low cost and large capacity.
4. The multi-terminal direct current breaker has the advantages of low cost, extremely low conduction loss and high breaking reliability, and also has the capability of isolating direct current bus faults.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a multi-terminal dc circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
A multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker comprises n ports, wherein a port x is connected with a bidirectional thyristor BTx and a quick mechanical switch MSx through a residual current switch RCBx, wherein n is a natural number not less than 3, and x is a natural number not less than 1 and not more than n; one end of the MSx is connected with the BTx, and the other end of the MSx is connected with the 1 st bus; one end of the BTx is connected with the MSx, and the other end of the BTx is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ x; the reverse conducting thyristor RT, the inductor and the capacitor form a series branch, one end of the series branch is connected with the 1 st bus through a residual current switch RCB1_0, and the other end of the series branch is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ 0; the RT, the inductor and the capacitor form a series branch which is connected with the lightning arrester in parallel.
In a preferred embodiment, the residual current switch may switch off no more than 10A of residual current in tens of milliseconds.
In a preferred embodiment, the fast mechanical switch can complete opening within milliseconds.
In a preferred embodiment, the capacitor has an initial voltage U0 in the normal state.
A control method of a multi-terminal direct current breaker comprises the following steps: the control method when the cut-off port fails, the control method when the quick switch fails and the control method when the cut-off bus fails, wherein:
the control method for the fault of the cut-off port comprises the following steps:
step 1, during the normal operation of the system, the inverse thyristors and all the bidirectional thyristors are in a turn-off state, all the residual current switches are in a turn-on state, and the capacitor is charged to an initial voltage U0; the multi-terminal direct current breaker conducts system current through the rapid mechanical switches MS 1-MSn, and conduction loss is extremely low;
step 2, the port x fails at the time t 1; at the time t2, the multi-terminal direct-current circuit breaker detects a fault and immediately burns an arc opening MSx;
step 3, at the time t3, MSx completes the opening, and BTx and RT are turned on. The capacitor begins to discharge through the following loop: a capacitor-BTx-MSx-RT-inductor; at time t4, MSx arcs out and restores the insulation capability;
step 4, at the moment of t5, the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, and the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens RCBx, isolating port x.
The control method for the failure of the quick switch comprises the following steps:
step 1, when a cut-off port x fails, MSx fails; at the time of t' 2, the multi-end direct-current circuit breaker identifies MSx failure and immediately arcs and opens all the quick mechanical switches except MSx;
step 2, at the time of t' 3, all the quick mechanical switches except the MSx complete brake opening, at the moment, the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker conducts the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors except the BTx, and then the capacitor starts to discharge; at the time t' 4, all the quick mechanical switches except the MSx are quenched and the insulating capability is recovered;
step 3, at the moment of t' 5, the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, and the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens RCBx, isolating port x.
The control method for the fault of the cut-off bus comprises the following steps: the control method when the 1 st bus is disconnected and the control method when the 2 nd bus is disconnected are provided, wherein:
the control method for the fault of the 1 st bus comprises the following steps:
step 1, after the multi-terminal direct current breaker detects a fault of a 1 st bus, all fast mechanical switches of an arc opening brake are immediately burnt;
step 2, after all the quick mechanical switches complete opening, the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors are conducted; then the capacitor starts to discharge, and the discharge current of the capacitor enables all the quick mechanical switches to extinguish arcs and recover the insulating capability;
step 3, after the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens the RCB1_0, isolating the 1 st bus.
The control method for the 2 nd bus fault disconnection comprises the following steps: after the 2 nd bus fails, because the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors are in a turn-off state, the current injected into a failure point is very small and does not exceed 10A; after the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker detects the 2 nd bus fault, all residual current switches connected with the 2 nd bus are opened, and the 2 nd bus can be isolated.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker is characterized by comprising n ports, wherein a port x is connected with a bidirectional thyristor BTx and a quick mechanical switch MSx through a residual current switch RCBx, wherein n is a natural number not less than 3, and x is a natural number not less than 1 and not more than n; one end of the MSx is connected with the BTx, and the other end of the MSx is connected with the 1 st bus; one end of the BTx is connected with the MSx, and the other end of the BTx is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ x; the reverse conducting thyristor RT, the inductor and the capacitor form a series branch which is connected with the lightning arrester in parallel, one end of the series branch is connected with the 1 st bus through a residual current switch RCB1_0, and the other end of the series branch is connected with the 2 nd bus through a residual current switch RCB2_ 0.
2. The multi-terminal dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the residual current switch opens a residual current of not more than 10A within tens of milliseconds.
3. The multi-terminal dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the fast mechanical switch completes the opening within milliseconds.
4. The multi-terminal dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the capacitor has an initial voltage U0 in a normal state.
5. A method for controlling a multi-terminal DC circuit breaker, characterized in that it is used to control the multi-terminal DC circuit breaker according to any of claims 1-4, comprising: a control method when an open port fails, a control method when a quick switch fails, and a control method when an open bus fails.
6. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the control method in the event of a failure of an open port comprises the steps of:
step 1, during the normal operation of the system, the inverse thyristors and all the bidirectional thyristors are in a turn-off state, all the residual current switches are in a turn-on state, and the capacitor is charged to an initial voltage U0; the multi-terminal direct current breaker conducts system current through the rapid mechanical switches MS 1-MSn, and conduction loss is extremely low;
step 2, the port x fails at the time t 1; at the time t2, the multi-terminal direct-current circuit breaker detects a fault and immediately burns an arc opening MSx;
step 3, at the time t3, MSx completes the opening, BTx and RT are turned on, and the capacitor starts to discharge through the following loops: a capacitor-BTx-MSx-RT-inductor; at time t4, MSx arcs out and restores the insulation capability;
step 4, at the moment of t5, the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, and the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens RCBx, isolating port x.
7. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the control method in the event of a rapid switch failure comprises the steps of:
step 1, when a cut-off port x fails, MSx fails; at the time of t' 2, the multi-end direct-current circuit breaker identifies MSx failure and immediately arcs and opens all the quick mechanical switches except MSx;
step 2, at the time of t' 3, all the quick mechanical switches except the MSx complete brake opening, at the moment, the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker conducts the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors except the BTx, and then the capacitor starts to discharge; at the time t' 4, all the quick mechanical switches except the MSx are quenched and the insulating capability is recovered;
step 3, at the moment of t' 5, the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, and the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens RCBx, isolating port x.
8. The control method according to claim 5, wherein the control method in the event of a fault of an open bus includes: the control method for the 1 st bus fault and the control method for the 2 nd bus fault.
9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the control method when the 1 st bus is disconnected in a fault includes the steps of:
step 1, after the multi-terminal direct current breaker detects a fault of a 1 st bus, all fast mechanical switches of an arc opening brake are immediately burnt;
step 2, after all the quick mechanical switches complete opening, the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors are conducted; then the capacitor starts to discharge, and the discharge current of the capacitor enables all the quick mechanical switches to extinguish arcs and recover the insulating capability;
step 3, after the fault current charges the capacitor voltage to the reference voltage of the lightning arrester, the fault current starts to be transferred to the lightning arrester; once the fault current drops below 10A, the multi-terminal dc breaker opens the RCB1_0, isolating the 1 st bus.
10. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the control method when the 2 nd bus is disconnected in a fault includes the steps of: after the 2 nd bus fails, because the RT and all the bidirectional thyristors are in a turn-off state, the current injected into a failure point is very small and does not exceed 10A; after the multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker detects the 2 nd bus fault, all residual current switches connected with the 2 nd bus are opened, and the 2 nd bus can be isolated.
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CN114172135A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-03-11 天津大学 Double-main-breaking type multi-port hybrid direct-current circuit breaker applicable to multi-terminal direct-current power grid

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CN114156846A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-08 中国科学院电工研究所 Low-loss multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker and control method thereof
CN114172135A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-03-11 天津大学 Double-main-breaking type multi-port hybrid direct-current circuit breaker applicable to multi-terminal direct-current power grid
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