CN114512957B - Direct current breaker based on thyristor and control method thereof - Google Patents
Direct current breaker based on thyristor and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114512957B CN114512957B CN202210187432.2A CN202210187432A CN114512957B CN 114512957 B CN114512957 B CN 114512957B CN 202210187432 A CN202210187432 A CN 202210187432A CN 114512957 B CN114512957 B CN 114512957B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current breaker based on a thyristor and a control method thereof, wherein two main branches in the direct current breaker are composed of two mechanical switches; the two transfer branches are formed by two diodes, and the transfer branches are respectively connected with the main branch in parallel; the two control branches are composed of two thyristors; the energy storage branch circuit consists of a capacitor and a resistor, and the branch circuit is connected with the intersection points of the two main branch circuits and the two control branch circuits; the voltage maintaining branch comprises a resistor, is grounded from the intersection point of the two control branches and is connected in parallel with a quick charging branch consisting of a mechanical switch and the resistor; the protection branch is composed of lightning arrester, and its two ends are respectively connected with diode cathodes of two transfer branches. The main branch of the invention adopts a mechanical switch and utilizes a diode to clamp, has the advantages of low conduction loss, zero voltage cut-off and zero voltage recovery, utilizes the thyristor to design the circuit breaker, reduces the investment, and can realize the reliable and successful removal of bidirectional running current and bidirectional fault current under the same simple operation steps through the active control of the thyristor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of manufacturing of direct current circuit breakers, and particularly relates to a direct current circuit breaker based on a thyristor and a control method thereof.
Background
In recent years, direct-current micro-grids and medium-voltage direct-current power grids are rapidly developed in various countries. Dc breakers required for protection of dc transmission systems have become a hotspot of research. The dc breakers can selectively and quickly cut off faulty lines and thereby prevent the converter station from locking up. However, since the dc impedance of the flexible dc system is very small, the fault current rises very rapidly and has no zero crossing point, so the dc circuit breaker needs to cut off a large current in a short time, and the dc circuit breaker should also have the capability of cutting off a normal operating current to ensure the transfer of a steady-state power flow.
Dc breaker topologies that have been proposed can be mainly classified into three categories: mechanical, solid state, hybrid. (1) The mechanical circuit breaker is connected with an LC oscillation branch in parallel on the basis of a traditional mechanical switch, and the LC oscillation is utilized to transfer current so as to create a current zero crossing point of the mechanical switch and realize zero current on-off of the mechanical switch, but when the running current is cut off, the mechanical switch needs to bear residual voltage of a capacitor instantly after arc extinction. (2) The main branch of the traditional solid-state circuit breaker is connected in series by a full-control power electronic device, so that current can be cut off quickly, but the conduction loss is large, and the cost is increased remarkably along with the increase of the voltage and current levels. In addition, because the thyristor loss is lower, the solid-state circuit breaker becomes a trend based on thyristor design, but most of related schemes are passive circuit breakers, and the circuit breakers can only act after a fault occurs, and reliable action cannot be guaranteed due to the existence of line inductance between a fault point and the circuit breakers. (3) The current-flowing branch of the hybrid circuit breaker is composed of a small number of mechanical switches, and the breaking branch is composed of full-control power electronic devices connected in series. In a medium-low voltage system, the arc voltage is enough to transfer the current into a cut-off branch, and the opening process of a mechanical switch lasts for 2 to 3ms. After the mechanical switch is opened, the opening branch opens the power electronics to cut off the direct current. The circuit breaker has extremely low conduction loss, but the cost is huge and the operation is complex when a large number of full-control devices are used.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of difficult operation current removal, large loss, high cost, low reliability and the like in the prior art, the invention provides the direct current breaker based on the thyristor and the control method thereof, and the problems of high cost and difficult operation current removal in the prior art are solved under the advantages of ensuring extremely low conduction loss and reliable action; in order to cover more application scenes, the invention also has the capability of bidirectional current cutting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a direct current breaker based on a thyristor comprises a first main branch, a second main branch, a first transfer branch, a second transfer branch, a first control branch, a second control branch, an energy storage branch, a voltage maintaining branch, a quick charging branch and a protection branch;
the first main branch comprises a mechanical switch M1, the second main branch comprises a mechanical switch M2, the first transfer branch comprises a diode D1, and the second transfer branch comprises a diode D2; the first main branch is connected with the parallel first transfer branch, and the second main branch is connected with the second transfer branch in parallel;
the first control branch comprises a thyristor T1, the second control branch comprises a thyristor T2, the energy storage branch comprises a capacitor C and a resistor R1 which are connected in series, the voltage maintaining branch comprises a resistor R2, the quick charging branch comprises a mechanical switch M3 and a resistor R3 which are connected in series, and the protection branch comprises a lightning arrester F1;
one end of the lightning arrester F1 is respectively connected with the anode of the thyristor T1 and the cathode of the diode D1, and the other end of the lightning arrester F1 is respectively connected with the anode of the thyristor T2 and the cathode of the diode D2; one end of the capacitor C is connected with the anode of the diode D1 and the anode of the diode D2 at the same time, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the resistor R1; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of the thyristor T1, the cathode of the thyristor T2, one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the mechanical switch M3, the other end of the mechanical switch M3 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded with the other end of the resistor R3.
A control method of a direct current breaker based on a thyristor comprises the following steps:
s1: when the direct current is switched on, controlling mechanical switches M1, M2 and M3 of the first main branch, the second main branch and the quick charging branch to be closed so that the direct current flows through the first main branch and the second main branch to form a current path and quickly charge a capacitor C of the energy storage branch;
s2: after the energy storage branch capacitor C is fully charged, controlling the quick charging branch mechanical switch M3 to be switched off;
s3: when the direct current is cut off, judging whether the external current flows from one side to the other side of the first main branch of the lightning arrester F1; if yes, entering step S4, otherwise entering step S5;
s4: controlling a thyristor T1 in the first control branch to be conducted, controlling a mechanical switch M1 in the first main branch to be disconnected, generating a current larger than an external current through a capacitor C and a resistor R1 in the energy storage branch, enabling the mechanical switch M1 to realize zero voltage turn-off and zero voltage insulation recovery, and entering S6;
s5: controlling a thyristor T2 in the second control branch circuit to be switched on, controlling a mechanical switch M2 in the second main branch circuit to be switched off, generating a current larger than an external current through a capacitor C and a resistor R1 in the energy storage branch circuit, enabling the mechanical switch M2 to realize zero voltage switching-off and zero voltage insulation recovery, and entering S6;
s6: and the capacitor C in the energy storage branch circuit is continuously charged, when the voltage at the two ends of the energy storage branch circuit is greater than the rated voltage of the direct-current power supply, the current of the direct-current power supply is blocked, and the lightning arrester F1 in the protection branch circuit is triggered to absorb the system energy after the current is cut off.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the direct current breaker is designed based on the thyristor of the semi-control type power electronic device, and compared with the direct current breaker designed based on the full-control type power electronic device, the direct current breaker greatly reduces the investment of the breaker, does not need an external charging power supply to charge a capacitor, and further reduces the cost and the design complexity.
2. The direct current breaker can realize reliable and active bidirectional current breaking.
3. The direct current breaker current branch circuit adopts the mechanical switch, has extremely low loss, and can realize zero voltage on-off of the mechanical switch and zero voltage insulation recovery of the mechanical switch.
4. The control method disclosed by the invention is extremely low in conduction loss, bidirectional direct current cutting is realized under the condition that an external voltage source is not used, zero voltage protection is realized in the on-off process and the insulation recovery process of the mechanical switch, system energy absorption and protection on the circuit breaker are realized through the protection branch lightning arrester F1, and the protection effect is better.
5. The invention uses the same control flow when cutting off the running current and the fault current, thereby not only realizing the purpose of successfully cutting off the running current, but also realizing the purpose of simple operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a thyristor-based dc circuit breaker according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for controlling a thyristor-based dc circuit breaker according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined by the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a thyristor-based dc circuit breaker includes a first main branch, a second transfer branch, a first control branch, a second control branch, an energy storage branch, a voltage maintaining branch, a fast charging branch, and a protection branch;
the second transfer branch is connected with the first main branch in parallel, and the second transfer branch is connected with the second main branch in parallel.
The first main branch circuit comprises a mechanical switch M1, the second main branch circuit comprises a mechanical switch M2, the second transfer branch circuit comprises a diode D1, the second transfer branch circuit comprises a diode D2, the first control branch circuit comprises a thyristor T1, the second control branch circuit comprises a thyristor T2, the energy storage branch circuit comprises a capacitor C and a resistor R1, the voltage maintaining branch circuit comprises a resistor R2, the quick charging branch circuit comprises a mechanical switch M3 and a resistor R3, and the protection branch circuit comprises a lightning arrester F1;
one end of the lightning arrester F1 is respectively connected with the anode of the thyristor T1 and the cathode of the diode D1, and the other end of the lightning arrester F1 is respectively connected with the anode of the thyristor T2 and the cathode of the diode D2; one end of the capacitor C is connected with the anode of the diode D1 and the anode of the diode D2 at the same time, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the resistor R1; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of the thyristor T1, the cathode of the thyristor T2, one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the mechanical switch M3, the other end of the mechanical switch M3 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded with the other end of the resistor R3.
And taking one end of the lightning arrester F1 as a point A, and taking the other end of the lightning arrester F1 as a point B.
The invention is used in a medium-voltage direct-current power grid or a direct-current micro-grid, and can actively and reliably cut off the running current and the fault current on the direct-current side.
The direct current breaker is based on the thyristor of the semi-controlled power electronic device, so that the investment of the breaker is greatly reduced, an external charging power supply is not needed, and the cost and the design complexity are further reduced; and meanwhile, the through-current branch adopts a mechanical switch, so that the loss is extremely low, and the zero-voltage switching-on and switching-off of the mechanical switch and the zero-voltage insulation recovery of the mechanical switch can be realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for controlling a thyristor-based dc circuit breaker according to the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, when direct current is switched on, controlling mechanical switches of a first main branch circuit, a second main branch circuit and a quick charging branch circuit to be switched on so that the direct current flows through the mechanical switches in the first main branch circuit and the second main branch circuit to form a current path and quickly charge a capacitor C of an energy storage branch circuit, and entering S2;
s2, after the energy storage branch capacitor C is fully charged, controlling a mechanical switch M3 of the quick charging branch to be opened, and entering S3;
s3, when the direct current is cut off, judging whether the external current flows from A to B, if so, entering a step S4, otherwise, entering a step S5;
s4, controlling a thyristor T1 in the first control branch circuit to be switched on and controlling a mechanical switch M1 in the first main branch circuit to be switched off, generating a current larger than an external current through a capacitor C and a resistor R1 in the energy storage branch circuit, enabling the mechanical switch M1 to realize zero voltage switching-off and zero voltage insulation recovery, and entering S6;
s5, controlling a thyristor T2 in the second control branch circuit to be switched on and controlling a mechanical switch M2 in the second main branch circuit to be switched off, generating a current larger than an external current through a capacitor C and a resistor R1 in the energy storage branch circuit, and enabling the mechanical switch M2 to realize zero voltage switching-off and zero voltage insulation recovery and entering S6;
and S6, after the main branch mechanical switch is turned off, the capacitor in the energy storage branch continues to be charged, when the voltage at two ends of the energy storage branch is greater than the rated voltage of the direct-current power supply, the current of the direct-current power supply is blocked, and the lightning arrester F1 in the protection branch is triggered to absorb the system energy after the current is cut off.
In this example, the system energy refers to the energy of the entire dc system in which the circuit breaker operates.
In this example, the current generated by the capacitor C and the resistor R1 becomes smaller with time, and the fault current at the time of short circuit rises with time, and it is ensured that the duration of the former being longer than the latter includes the insulation recovery time of the mechanical switch.
In this example, after the mechanical switch is successfully turned off, the direct current continues to charge the capacitor C, the voltage at the two ends of the circuit breaker rises to the voltage at the source end, so that the direct current is blocked, and the lightning arrester of the protection branch can absorb the system energy in the process of turning on and off the direct current.
The control method of the invention realizes bidirectional direct current cutting without using an external voltage source, and realizes zero voltage protection in the process of opening and closing the mechanical switch and the process of insulation recovery. The invention uses the same control flow when cutting off the running current and the fault current, thereby not only realizing the purpose of successfully cutting off the running current, but also realizing the purpose of simple operation.
Claims (2)
1. A direct current breaker based on a thyristor is characterized by comprising a first main branch, a second main branch, a first transfer branch, a second transfer branch, a first control branch, a second control branch, an energy storage branch, a voltage maintaining branch, a quick charging branch and a protection branch;
the first main branch comprises a mechanical switch M1, the second main branch comprises a mechanical switch M2, the first transfer branch comprises a diode D1, and the second transfer branch comprises a diode D2; the first main branch is connected with the parallel first transfer branch, and the second main branch is connected with the second transfer branch in parallel;
the first control branch comprises a thyristor T1, the second control branch comprises a thyristor T2, the energy storage branch comprises a capacitor C and a resistor R1 which are connected in series, the voltage maintaining branch comprises a resistor R2, the quick charging branch comprises a mechanical switch M3 and a resistor R3 which are connected in series, and the protection branch comprises an arrester F1;
one end of the lightning arrester F1 is respectively connected with the anode of the thyristor T1 and the cathode of the diode D1, and the other end of the lightning arrester F1 is respectively connected with the anode of the thyristor T2 and the cathode of the diode D2; one end of the capacitor C is connected with the anode of the diode D1 and the anode of the diode D2 at the same time, and the other end of the capacitor C is connected with the resistor R1; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of the thyristor T1, the cathode of the thyristor T2, one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the mechanical switch M3, the other end of the mechanical switch M3 is connected with one end of the resistor R3, and the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded with the other end of the resistor R3.
2. A method of controlling a thyristor-based dc breaker according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: when the direct current is switched on, controlling mechanical switches M1, M2 and M3 of the first main branch, the second main branch and the quick charging branch to be closed so that the direct current flows through the first main branch and the second main branch to form a current path and quickly charge a capacitor C of the energy storage branch;
s2: after the energy storage branch capacitor C is fully charged, controlling the quick charging branch mechanical switch M3 to be switched off;
s3: when the direct current is cut off, judging whether the external current flows from one side to the other side of the first main branch of the lightning arrester F1; if yes, entering step S4, otherwise entering step S5;
s4: controlling a thyristor T1 in the first control branch to be conducted, controlling a mechanical switch M1 in the first main branch to be disconnected, generating a current larger than an external current through a capacitor C and a resistor R1 in the energy storage branch, enabling the mechanical switch M1 to realize zero voltage turn-off and zero voltage insulation recovery, and entering S6;
s5: controlling the thyristor T2 in the second control branch to be switched on, controlling the mechanical switch M2 in the second main branch to be switched off, generating a current larger than an external current through the capacitor C and the resistor R1 in the energy storage branch, enabling the mechanical switch M2 to realize zero voltage switching-off and zero voltage insulation recovery, and entering S6;
s6: and the capacitor C in the energy storage branch circuit is continuously charged, when the voltage at the two ends of the energy storage branch circuit is greater than the rated voltage of the direct-current power supply, the current of the direct-current power supply is blocked, and the lightning arrester F1 in the protection branch circuit is triggered to absorb the system energy after the current is cut off.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210187432.2A CN114512957B (en) | 2022-02-28 | 2022-02-28 | Direct current breaker based on thyristor and control method thereof |
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| CN114512957B true CN114512957B (en) | 2023-03-14 |
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| CN116742576A (en) * | 2023-02-20 | 2023-09-12 | 湖南工程学院 | Low-cost serial hybrid circuit breaker |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104767170A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-08 | 国家电网公司 | Mixed high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and realization method thereof |
| WO2015154537A1 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-15 | 国家电网公司 | Passive high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and implementation method therefor |
| CN109687404A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-04-26 | 许继集团有限公司 | A kind of dc circuit breaker and its control method, device |
| CN111224372A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-02 | 平高集团有限公司 | Hybrid direct-current circuit breaker with rapid reclosing function and switching-on/off method thereof |
| CN112383032A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-02-19 | 四川大学 | Thyristor-based active direct current circuit breaker and control method thereof |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104767170A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-08 | 国家电网公司 | Mixed high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and realization method thereof |
| WO2015154537A1 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-10-15 | 国家电网公司 | Passive high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and implementation method therefor |
| CN109687404A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-04-26 | 许继集团有限公司 | A kind of dc circuit breaker and its control method, device |
| CN111224372A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2020-06-02 | 平高集团有限公司 | Hybrid direct-current circuit breaker with rapid reclosing function and switching-on/off method thereof |
| CN112383032A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-02-19 | 四川大学 | Thyristor-based active direct current circuit breaker and control method thereof |
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