CN111934186B - Method for judging optical catastrophe type of semiconductor laser chip - Google Patents
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
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- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 claims 2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/0014—Measuring characteristics or properties thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/0014—Measuring characteristics or properties thereof
- H01S5/0021—Degradation or life time measurements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/0014—Measuring characteristics or properties thereof
- H01S5/0035—Simulations of laser characteristics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/0014—Measuring characteristics or properties thereof
- H01S5/0042—On wafer testing, e.g. lasers are tested before separating wafer into chips
Abstract
The invention provides a method for judging an optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip, which solves the problems of high judgment cost, long judgment time and low production efficiency of COBD and COMD of the conventional semiconductor laser chip. The method comprises the following steps: step one, setting a loading current; loading a loading current on the semiconductor laser chip; collecting a current-power curve and a current-voltage curve of the semiconductor laser chip; if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COMD; and if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COBD. The method can judge the COBD and the COMD only by collecting the current, the power value and the voltage value in the test process without professional equipment, has simple detection equipment and lower cost, and can judge the failure only by common technicians.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of semiconductor laser failure analysis, and particularly relates to a method for judging an optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip.
Background
Semiconductor lasers are increasingly used as indirect or direct light sources in the fields of laser fiber communication, industrial shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing, laser engraving, laser marking, laser cutting, printing and roll making, metal and nonmetal drilling/cutting/welding and the like. Meanwhile, with the development of intellectualization and miniaturization, semiconductor lasers are becoming the main pump sources of fiber lasers.
Epitaxial material growth and chip fabrication (facet coating) are particularly important if semiconductor laser chips are to exhibit performance in epitaxial design. Defects or non-uniformity generated in the growth process of the epitaxial material can affect the reliability of the chip, and even COBD (satellite Optical Bulk Damage) occurs in the chip. The cavity surface coating process in the chip manufacturing process is also an important link, when the semiconductor laser chip is produced, cavity surface cleavage is mostly carried out in the atmospheric environment, the cavity surface of the chip cleaved in the atmospheric environment is easy to oxidize, and the oxidation layer forms a non-radiative recombination center. When the chip works, the non-radiative recombination center absorbs Optical energy and converts the Optical energy into heat energy, so that the forbidden bandwidth of the cavity surface is narrowed, further more Optical energy is absorbed, heat energy positive feedback is formed, and COMD (complementary Optical Mirror dam) appears on the cavity surface finally
When a semiconductor laser chip leaves a factory, the semiconductor laser chip can be shipped only by carrying out limit and reliability tests, the chip can be tested to be invalid in the limit test process, but after the chip is invalid, the reason for the invalid is judged to be complex, and professional invalid analysis means, experience and equipment are needed. The COBD and the COMD are two most common failure types, the COMD can be observed only under a high-power metallographic microscope, the COBD is a semiconductor laser intracavity failure, an Electroluminescence (EL) technology is required for analysis, the technology requires sample preparation and infrared CCD and other key equipment components required by an EL system, and the sample preparation requires very rich experience of technicians.
In summary, the conventional COBD and COMD semiconductor laser chips need professional equipment and professionals with abundant experience to judge, so that the judgment cost is high, the judgment time is long, the production efficiency is low, and therefore finding a method for quickly judging the failure mode is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high judgment cost, long judgment time and low production efficiency of COBD and COMD of the conventional semiconductor laser chip and provides a method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for judging the optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a rising step length and a maximum value of a loading current;
step two, loading a loading current on the semiconductor laser chip according to the ascending step length and the maximum value determined in the step one in the chip testing process;
collecting a current-power curve and a current-voltage curve of the semiconductor laser chip;
step four, judging the failure type of the semiconductor laser chip according to the current-power curve and the current-voltage curve obtained in the step three;
if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COMD;
and if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COBD.
Furthermore, in the first step, the rising step length of the loading current is 0.1-1.0A, and the maximum value is 1.0-1.5 times of the rated current of the semiconductor laser chip.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides another method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip, which comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a loading current as a constant value;
step two, loading a loading current on the semiconductor laser chip according to the constant value determined in the step one in the chip aging process;
collecting a time-power curve and a time-voltage curve of the semiconductor laser chip along with the change of time;
step four, judging the failure type of the semiconductor laser chip according to the time-power curve and the time-voltage curve obtained in the step three;
if the time-power curve suddenly drops and the time-voltage curve suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COMD;
and if the time-power curve suddenly drops and the time-voltage curve suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COBD.
Further, in the step one, the constant value of the loading current is 1.0-1.5 times of the rated current of the semiconductor laser chip.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip does not need professional equipment, only needs to add a data acquisition card on the test equipment, acquires the current, the power value and the voltage value in the test process, simultaneously draws a current-power curve and a current-voltage curve, can judge the COBD and the COMD according to the variation trend of the current-power curve and the current-voltage curve, has simple detection equipment and lower cost, does not need professional technicians, and can judge the failure only by common technicians.
2. The method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip is simple and easy to implement, and can quickly judge the COBD and the COMD only by judging the change of a current-voltage curve loaded on the semiconductor laser chip when the chip fails (the power is suddenly reduced), so that the failure analysis efficiency of the semiconductor laser chip in the testing and aging processes is greatly improved.
3. The method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip can quickly and comprehensively detect the COBD and the COMD of the semiconductor laser chip, provides a failure mechanism, further obtains a corresponding improvement scheme for improving the reliability of the laser, and has very important significance for improving the reliability of the semiconductor laser pumped solid laser.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of determining an optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the 1830nm 2W chip test failure (COBD) of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 976nm 12W chip test fail (COMD) according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:
the applicant finds that when a semiconductor chip fails, the current-power curve of the semiconductor chip suddenly and greatly drops, and the failure is mostly optical catastrophe. At this time, if optical catastrophe, namely COBD, occurs in the cavity, a PN junction of the quantum well is damaged due to defects and the like, so that characteristics of the PN junction are deteriorated, a microscopic current channel is formed, and thus, voltage is reduced, and voltage is suddenly reduced when the voltage is expressed on a current-voltage curve; if optical catastrophe, i.e. COMD, occurs on the cavity surface, the light extraction efficiency of the cavity surface is lowered due to burnout of the semiconductor material of the cavity surface, the carrier recombination efficiency in the quantum well is lowered, the carrier concentration is increased, the energy band difference between the conduction band and the valence band top is increased, and thus the voltage is increased, which is reflected on the current-voltage curve and suddenly rises. Based on the phenomenon, the invention provides a method for judging the optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip, which monitors the voltage of the chip besides monitoring the optical power of the chip during the chip testing and aging process, if the chip fails (namely the power suddenly drops), the voltage of the chip changes, the voltage curve along with the current deviates from the slope of the current-voltage to appear a sudden rise or a sudden drop, wherein the failure phenomenon that the voltage suddenly rises along with the current curve is COMD, and the failure phenomenon that the voltage suddenly drops along with the current curve is COBD.
As shown in fig. 1, in the chip testing process, the method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a rising step length and a maximum value of a loading current;
in the step, the rising step length of the loading current is generally 0.1-1.0A, the maximum value is 1.0-1.5 times of the rated current of the semiconductor laser chip, for example, a 976-12W device is used, the rising step length of the loading current is 0.1-1.0A, and the maximum value is 12-18A;
step two, loading a loading current on the semiconductor laser chip according to the ascending step length and the maximum value determined in the step one in the chip testing process;
collecting a current-power curve and a current-voltage curve of the semiconductor laser chip;
step four, judging the failure type of the semiconductor laser chip according to the current-power curve and the current-voltage curve obtained in the step three;
if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COMD; and if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COBD.
Meanwhile, in the chip aging process, the invention also provides a method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip, which comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a loading current as a constant value;
in the step, the constant value is generally 1.0-1.5 times of the rated current of the semiconductor laser chip, and the range of the constant value is 12-18A by taking the aging of a 976-12W device as an example;
step two, loading a loading current on the semiconductor laser chip according to the constant value determined in the step one in the chip aging process;
collecting a time-power curve and a time-voltage curve of the semiconductor laser chip along with the change of time;
step four, judging the failure type of the semiconductor laser chip according to the time-power curve and the time-voltage curve obtained in the step three;
if the time-power curve suddenly drops and the time-voltage curve suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COMD; and if the time-power curve suddenly drops and the time-voltage curve suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COBD.
The test equipment implemented by the method comprises test equipment of the bare bar, COS device test equipment and COS device aging equipment, each device is an independent test or aging system, and each system comprises all current, power and voltage acquisition systems.
Example one
The method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip (bare chip) comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a current rising step length and a maximum current (correspondingly adjusting according to a product type);
placing the bare bar chip subjected to film coating on a bar test bench, wherein the P surface is upward (positive electrode), the N surface of the bar chip is in metal contact with a copper plate bar of the test bench, and the copper plate bar is electrically connected with a negative electrode; adjusting two probes of the test bench, wherein current is added to one probe to contact with the P surface of the bare bar chip, and the other probe acquires voltage of the bar chip;
turning on a power supply, collecting a current-power curve of the test chip, and collecting a current-voltage curve at the same time;
and step four, analyzing the current-power curve and the current-voltage curve, judging the failure type according to the change of the current-voltage curve (whether the current-voltage curve deviates from the slope of the original current-voltage curve) as shown in fig. 2, if the power suddenly drops and the voltage suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COMD, and if the power suddenly drops and the voltage suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COBD.
Example two
The method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip (COS chip) comprises the following steps:
step one, setting a current rising step length and a maximum current (correspondingly adjusting according to a product type);
mounting the packaged COS chip on a COS test fixture, and mounting the test fixture on a COS test platform; connecting positive and negative electrodes to the COS test fixture, wherein the positive and negative electrodes are connected with a data acquisition card and can acquire current and voltage data, and power data are acquired by an integrating sphere;
turning on a power supply, collecting a current-power curve of the test chip, and collecting a current-voltage curve at the same time;
and step four, analyzing the current-power curve and the current-voltage curve, judging the failure type according to the change of the current-voltage curve (whether the current-voltage curve deviates from the slope of the original current-voltage curve or not) as shown in fig. 3, if the power suddenly drops and the voltage suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COMD, and if the power suddenly drops and the voltage suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is COBD.
EXAMPLE III
The method for judging the optical catastrophe type of the semiconductor laser chip (COS chip aging) comprises the following steps:
step one, setting an aging current;
mounting the packaged COS chip on a COS aging clamp, and mounting the aging clamp on a COS aging cabinet; adding an aging current required by a product to a COS aging cabinet, wherein the anode and the cathode of a COS aging clamp are connected with a data acquisition card, current and voltage data can be acquired, and power data is acquired by an integrating sphere;
step three, monitoring the power value change trend and the voltage value change trend of the COS device aging;
analyzing a power trend curve and a voltage value trend curve of the COS device, and judging that the COS device is failed to be COBD when the monitored power value suddenly drops and the voltage value drops; if the power value suddenly drops and the voltage value rises, the failure of the COS device is judged to be COMD.
Claims (4)
1. A method for judging the optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, setting a rising step length and a maximum value of a loading current;
step two, loading a loading current on the semiconductor laser chip according to the ascending step length and the maximum value determined in the step one in the chip testing process;
collecting a current-power curve and a current-voltage curve of the semiconductor laser chip;
step four, judging the failure type of the semiconductor laser chip according to the current-power curve and the current-voltage curve obtained in the step three;
if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is the optical catastrophe damage of the cavity surface;
and if the current-power curve suddenly drops and the current-voltage curve suddenly drops, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is the optical catastrophe damage in vivo.
2. A method of determining an optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip as claimed in claim 1 wherein: in the first step, the ascending step length of the loading current is 0.1-1.0A, and the maximum value is 1.0-1.5 times of the rated current of the semiconductor laser chip.
3. A method for judging the optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, setting a loading current as a constant value;
step two, loading a loading current on the semiconductor laser chip according to the constant value determined in the step one in the chip aging process;
collecting a time-power curve and a time-voltage curve of the semiconductor laser chip along with the change of time;
step four, judging the failure type of the semiconductor laser chip according to the time-power curve and the time-voltage curve obtained in the step three;
if the time-power curve suddenly drops and the time-voltage curve suddenly rises, judging that the optical catastrophe of the chip is the cavity surface optical catastrophe damage;
if the time-power curve suddenly drops and the time-voltage curve suddenly drops, the optical catastrophe of the chip is judged to be in-vivo optical catastrophe damage.
4. A method of determining an optical catastrophe type of a semiconductor laser chip as claimed in claim 3 wherein: in the first step, the constant value of the loading current is 1.0-1.5 times of the rated current of the semiconductor laser chip.
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