CN1119266A - Water vapor separation technique and device in vacuum system - Google Patents
Water vapor separation technique and device in vacuum system Download PDFInfo
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- CN1119266A CN1119266A CN 94116224 CN94116224A CN1119266A CN 1119266 A CN1119266 A CN 1119266A CN 94116224 CN94116224 CN 94116224 CN 94116224 A CN94116224 A CN 94116224A CN 1119266 A CN1119266 A CN 1119266A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
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- 230000000505 pernicious effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water vapor separation technology and a water vapor separation device in a vacuum system. The main function is to improve and enhance the vacuum drying technology, expand the application range and the use efficiency thereof, and enable the technology to realize the maximum benefit with the most economic investment. The device consists of two subsystems, wherein one subsystem consists of a negative pressure source, a pure air source, a steam source, a water storage tank and a vacuum tank to form a working system; and the other one is a control system consisting of a computer, a sensor, an electromagnetic valve and an electromagnetic control switch. The two systems are organically connected with each other through pipelines and wires respectively. The vacuum tank sets work in turn under the control of a specified program, and finally, the complete separation of the gas is realized.
Description
The invention belongs to the vacuum drying technique field.
As everyone knows, dry technology all has been widely used in most of industries.Many products all must be through this operation of super-dry in its manufacture process, otherwise will influence the quality and the output of product, even also may cause the interruption of producing.Therefore, dry technology is significant in national product and economic construction.
In dry field, the main at present dry technology that adopts has: 1, air seasoning; 2, fumigation; 3, hydrophobe matter seasoning; 4, conventional drying method; 5, heated type seasoning; 6, drier removes wet method; 7, high-frequency induction seasoning; 8, infrared drying; 9, micro-wave drying method; 10, electrified drying of wood method; 11, boulton process.
Wherein, vacuum drying technique is with its distinctive advantage; as the dry mass height, speed is fast, energy-conservation, specific consumption is low, easy to operate, control is reliable, easy to maintenance and help protecting environment etc.; little by little in dry field, show up prominently; and; along with being gradually improved of vacuum drying technique, it will occupy unshakable one seat in this field.
Effect of the present invention is to improve and improve vacuum drying technique and dry mass, enlarges its range of application and improves service efficiency, makes this technology realize maximum benefit with most economical input.
The objective of the invention is to make water vapour in vacuum system, to obtain separating, and thoroughly solve the problem of vacuum drying system inefficiency for a long time.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A vacuum tank group is by several vacuum tanks A, B, C ... n (n is a natural number of determining) forms, and by magnetic valve and pipeline etc., links with vapour source (or source of the gas) respectively, communicates with negative pressure source and pneumatic supply, joins with vapour (gas) body discharging container.Each jar all is equipped with vacuum meter and Pressure gauge.Each jar takes turns to operate in the vacuum tank group.Magnetic valve, electric-controlled switch and some physical quantity acquisition sensors (as sensors such as vacuum, pressure, humiture and gas flows) are controlled by computer.The physical quantity acquisition sensor is given computer the survey transfer of data, after computer for analysis is handled, sends instruction by certain working procedure, and magnetic valve or electromagnetism control switch are received this instruction, just make corresponding action, and the controller electric installation is by the rules operation.
The separation principle of this device is: it is made of two subsystems.One by negative pressure source, pure air source, hopper, vacuum tank group and steam (or gas) source formation work system; Another sensor and magnetic valve by computer (CPU), various necessity constitutes control system, and two systems organically are bound up by pipeline and lead respectively each other.Each jar worked successively in the vacuum tank group.When each jar is started working, all be equivalent to a vacuum source.Now allow first jar to start working.Water vapour flows into first jar naturally under the effect of vacuum and steam partial pressure difference, the pressure of this jar rises to certain certain value gradually, and at this moment, " high pressure " source channels is opened in continuing to flow into of solenoid valve shuts gas simultaneously, and gases at high pressure (being pure air) inject.
According to thermodynamics, at room temperature, when pressure was elevated to certain value, water vapour will undergo phase transition, i.e. liquefaction.
The liquefaction phase transformation takes place in water vapour in jar at once under the pressure of the pure air of " high pressure " (for vacuum).At the bottom of forming " raindrop " and dropping down onto jar, be gathered into the puddles of water.
This moment, solenoid valve shuts high-voltage power supply passage is opened drainage channel." high pressure " gas in jar is greater than the atmospheric pressure in the external world, and therefore, this hollow water at jar end is drained into hopper.
Reduce to when equating with atmospheric pressure when the pressure in the jar, allow the closed electromagnetic valve drainage channel at once, open the negative pressure source passage simultaneously, then the pressure in this jar returns to original vacuum again.
The working procedure of all the other each jars, with first jar identical.
Finish a working cycles for first jar, promptly finish and vacuumize (bleeding), inhale four actions such as vapour (gas), phase transformation, draining, return to original duty again and be called a partial circulating; After all jars are finished the working cycles of oneself successively in the vacuum tank group, get back to first jar again and then be called a systemic circulation.
For more clearly illustrating design, existing is example with the working condition of two jars of A, B only:
The first step: vacuumize or bleed the stage.Send instruction by computer, magnetic valve (1) is opened, allow A, B jar communicate with negative pressure source simultaneously.A, B pressure tank are finally reduced to some working vacuum degree.Then, magnetic valve (1) cuts out, and has cut off the passage of A, B jar and negative pressure source.
Second step: inhale the vapour working stage.Program allows magnetic valve (2) open, and makes and has only jar A to communicate with the vapour source.The vapour pressure in vapour source is greater than the vacuum pressure of jar A, and the gas molecule is just poured into the A jar, causes the vacuum of A jar to reduce gradually.When the reading of vacuum meter demonstration was a rated value, sensor sent signal to computer immediately, and computer is according to instruction of signal characteristic output.After magnetic valve (2) was received this action command, the passage of just closing A jar and vapour source simultaneously, was connected the passage in B jar and vapour source.The B jar is in working stage as a result, and the A jar enters the phase transformation stage.
The 3rd step: phase transformation stage.Program allows magnetic valve (3) connect jar A and pressure source (or pure air source (being made of micro air pump, pipeline, storage tube and control original paper)) passage.Pure air (clean and dry air) enters in the A jar, and (dew point) state that reaches capacity immediately of the water vapour in internal pressure being risen rapidly cause jar condenses into the globule (raindrop) under the effect of gravity, at the bottom of falling into jar, forms the puddles of water.
The 4th step: bleeding stage.Sensor is given computer with the pressure transmission of A jar this moment.Program just allows magnetic valve (3), closes the passage of this jar and pressure source, allows magnetic valve (4) connect the passage of A jar and water container simultaneously.This hollow water at the jar end is just extruded by " high pressure " gas of its inside, enters in the water container.
The 5th step: restore or vacuumizing phase.Pressure in the A jar is reduced to atmospheric pressure state after discharging moisture content, pressure sensor transmits the data of surveying to computer.Program allows magnetic valve (4) close, and allows magnetic valve (1) connect the passage of A jar and negative pressure source.Pressure in the A jar returns to original vacuum work state again as a result.So far, the A jar has been finished a working cycles, is waiting for the arriving of next working cycles.
The B jar comprises that the working procedure of other each jar is all identical with the A jar, is temporal difference only, sees following table for details.
Vacuum tank number in the vacuum tank group can be according to the power of vavuum pump and the speed of evacuation and is decided.The power of vavuum pump is big, and the speed of evacuation is fast, and the number of jar can be less, otherwise, some more.
In addition, also should decide according to selected vacuum operation interval.Vacuum operation interval scope is big, can be less with several jars; The vacuum operation interval is narrow, just must be many with several jars.
In any case the number of vacuum tank should be decided on concrete condition or by test.
Every through a working cycles (cycle), all separable water vapour that goes out certain volume, the work that the vacuum tank group is gone round and begun again just can constantly be discharged water vapour one volume one long-pendingly, and this has just realized the purpose that water vapour separates with vacuum system.
Adopt such scheme, just discharge water steam effectively makes it to reach the purpose that is separated with vacuum system.Whole device is made of two subsystems, i.e. work system and control system.Relative movement part mainly is the electromagnetism control switch of control system and magnetic valve etc., and therefore, its general structure is simple and clear, and Operation and maintenance are convenient, automaticity height, good reliability.In addition, it also has following advantage:
(1) can keep powerful dry gesture constant substantially, i.e. system effectiveness height, the continuity of system works and harmonious good.
(2) can not only separation of water vapor, can also isolate pernicious gas, even the liquids and gases in any vacuum system are separated with it.
(3) avoid that pernicious gas is unprocessed just directly to be drained among the atmosphere, cause pollution environment.
(4) heart-vavuum pump of protection vacuum system.Avoid being corroded, and the efficient of reduction vavuum pump what is more, also may cause the infringement of vavuum pump, has influence on the normal operation of whole system by harmful gas (or vapour) body.
(5) create a comparatively quiet production environment.
(6) compare with the drier partition method, its production smoothing is better, and the separative efficiency height in addition, has also saved the link of activated desiccant and the time of replacing drier.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The reason of Fig. 1, past vacuum drying inefficiency.
Fig. 2, water vapour piece-rate system embodiment 1.
Fig. 3, water vapour piece-rate system embodiment theory diagram.
The isothermal variation diagram of Fig. 4, vapour or gas-liquid phase transition.
Vapour under Fig. 5, the different temperatures or gas-liquid phase transition isothermal variation diagram.
Fig. 6, piece-rate system negative pressure source fundamental diagram.
Fig. 7, water vapour piece-rate system embodiment 2.
Water vapour filter fundamental diagram in Fig. 8, the pernicious gas gathering-device.
The operation interval of Fig. 9, pure air source, negative pressure source and vacuum tank.
In Figure 10, the vacuum tank group, the working plan of each vacuum tank.
The temperature range of Figure 11, condenser working.
Figure 12, the pipeline by condenser, it is inner to occur that ice is stifled, the deicing defroster during the frosting phenomenon.
Among Fig. 1, Q is for flowing through the steam that comes from vapour source, and just the direction along the arrow indication is entering vacuum tank N, and gradually be full of whole space, the stain in jar represent steam molecule, the steam molecule in jar continues along the past vavuum pump Z diffluence of the direction of arrow.
At this therebetween, the vacuum in the vacuum tank N falls to very low state rapidly by very high state.As long as vavuum pump is taken a part of steam away in vacuum tank N, vapour source will replenish a part.Again because the speed of exhaust of vavuum pump, it is very high that vacuum moment in jar N is jumped to, and adds constantly replenishing of vapour source, and this just causes whole system to work under very low vacuum, and it is low that the drying efficiency of natural system becomes.
The present invention just can thoroughly solve and can not get the problem that solves for a long time.It can improve whole system " working vacuum degree ", thus the effectively raising of moving system drying efficiency.
Among Fig. 2,1, computer or cpu chip, 2, chip pin, 3, water storing tank, 4, magnetic valve 5., 5, pipeline, 6, magnetic valve 4., 7, pipeline, 8, air gauge, 9, sensor 8., 10, vacuum meter and sensor are 9., 11, pipeline, 12, magnetic valve or electromagnetism control switch 3., 13, air gauge and baroceptor 7., 14, micro air pump, 15, micromachine and electromagnetism control switch are 2., 16, pipeline, 17, magnetic valve or electromagnetism control switch 1., 18, steam or source of the gas enter pipeline, 19, pipeline, 20, gas tank, 21, pipeline, 22, vacuum meter and sensor are 10., 23, air gauge and sensor , 24,25, pipeline, 26, magnetic valve or electromagnetism control switch 6., 27, water storing tank, 28, the pipeline that leads to negative pressure source.
According to embodiment 2, program allows electromagnetism control switch 4. open magnetic valve 6, and A, B jar are connected with negative pressure source simultaneously.Negative pressure source is started working, and make the vacuum of A, B jar bring up to Pa, and the final vacuum of negative pressure source is P
f, and P
fThe vacuum of vacuum＞Pa.The neglecting the dry object of different dry greatly of Pa value and deciding.9. and 10. sensor sends the data of Pa to CPU.CPU receives after the signal, sends several corresponding instruction immediately:＜1〉make magnetic valve 6 close, the result, the passage of vacuum tank group and negative pressure source is cut off, and at this moment, the vacuum tank group is in the preparation work state.＜2〉make magnetic valve 17 open the passage 16 and 18 of A jar and vapour source, allow the A jar start working, the B jar is waited for.
Certainly, above program also can design like this, allows the A jar vacuumize earlier.Allow the B jar vacuumize then, simultaneously, allow the A jar enter duty immediately.
Steam flows into the A jar continuously by pipeline 18, magnetic valve 17 and pipeline 16.Pressure in the A jar rises immediately, and promptly vacuum descends.When vacuum is reduced to P
b(P
bBe working vacuum degree lower limit, if be lower than this limit, whole system and drying efficiency will reduce) time, vacuum transducer 10 sends signal to CPU at once.CPU also sends a series of command adapted theretos according to this:＜1〉make magnetic valve 17 cut off path between the pipelines 16 and 18, opening conduits 18 and 19 path, guiding steam flow B jar makes the B jar be in duty.＜2〉by electromagnetism control switch 3., make magnetic valve 12 actions, pipeline 11 and gas tank 20 are connected.Allow the A jar enter the phase transformation state.The pure air of high pressure (the dry air by the cleaning of filter acquisition) injects the A jar, and the pressure in the A jar is in 1.5＜Py＜3 (kg/cm at once at this moment
2) scope among, the steam in jar reaches capacity thereupon, and is condensed at the bottom of the globule or raindrop drop down onto jar, forms the puddles of water.
When pressure rises to 3kg/cm rapidly
2, and to hold after some second, 8. or 9 send signal to CPU again sensor.CPU sends a series of instructions according to this:＜1〉make magnetic valve 12 close path between pipeline 11 and the gas tank 20,＜2 make magnetic valve 4 or 5. open tank 3 and pipeline 5 between path.This moment, the A jar entered bleeding stage.Water in jar is just evicted from by " high pressure " gas.
When the air pressure in the A jar drops to consistent with ambient pressure and holds when continuing for 1 second, 8. and 9. sensor sends signal to CPU simultaneously.Therefore CPU sends several instructions again: (1) makes magnetic valve 4 close, and cuts off getting in touch of A jar and ambient atmosphere.(2) make magnetic valve 6 connect 7 and 28, the A jar is communicated with negative pressure source, allow the A jar enter and bleed or vacuumizing phase.
Pressure in the A jar is reduced to original work upper limit vacuum P
aThe time, sensor 10 or 9. send signal to CPU again.CPU sends instruction according to this, makes magnetic valve 6 cut off getting in touch of A jar and negative pressure source.
So far, the A jar is finished a working cycles, waits for circulation next time.
The working procedure of B jar is identical with the A jar.Do not sew one by one at this and to state.
Among Fig. 3, CPU is a computer chip, it is the maincenter of control whole system, it controls negative pressure source, vacuum tank group by each sensor and electromagnetism control switch, water, impurity and pernicious gas process tank, pressure source or pure air source, condenser and deicing (frost) device and six big workpieces such as vapour or source of the gas.
Wherein heavy line is that (stream moves towards vapour, and dotted line is pure air flow, and fine line is empty system line.
This figure has clearly described the correlation and the operation principle of each parts of water vapour piece-rate system.
Fig. 3 has several places different with Fig. 2.Fig. 3 has done one to Fig. 2 and has turned into, has increased following several means: (1) condenser.Its effect is in order to improve the operating efficiency of vacuum tank group, to prolong the working time of each vacuum tank, increase the ability of holding water vapour, accelerate the phase velocity of vapour or gas, enlarging the range of application of piece-rate system.(2) deicing defroster.Its effect is to serve condenser, just in case condenser frosting or section of tubing produce the stifled phenomenon of ice, and when influencing system works, the defrosting deicer will play a role at once, build the end and eliminate " frost " phenomenon, and, regulate the operating temperature of condenser, the generation that makes it to stop this phenomenon immediately by computer.(3) pernicious gas process tank (or collecting tank).Its effect is exactly the collection and treatment pernicious gas, does not allow it directly enter among the atmosphere contaminated environment.
Three above-mentioned devices have increased the function and the efficient of (referring to Fig. 2), whole system originally, connect each other between them, interdepend, and constitute a system jointly, become this system's inalienable part.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are and disclose the schematic diagram that gas (vapour) liquid phase becomes rule in the calorifics.
Among Fig. 4, the A section is a gaseous state; The BC section is gas one a liquid biphase equilibrium coexisting state; The CD section is a liquid condition.
Along this curve, by A → D isotherm compression is described, the pressure increase causes the gas liquefaction process.This principle of the present invention is injected the vacuum tank that is full of water vapour to pure air, makes water vapour liquefaction.
Otherwise by D → A explanation isothermal increase-volume, pressure descends, and causes the gasification of liquid.This principle is used to vacuum drying.
Fig. 5 is divided into three zones such as I district, II district and III district.Every bit in the I district all is single gaseous state; Every bit all is the state of gas-liquid two-phase coexistence among the II, and wherein gas phase is the saturated vapor state; Every bit among the III all is single liquid state.
Every curve among Fig. 5 is a thermoisopleth, and temperature raises, and curve up moves.The K point is critical point, T
KBe critical-temperature, corresponding thermoisopleth is a critical isotherm.Temperature is higher than critical-temperature T
KThe time, horizontal component does not appear on the thermoisopleth, and the state of gas one liquid biphase equilibrium coexistence promptly can not appear in the process of isotherm compression, and at this moment no matter pressure is much, and gas can not liquefy yet.
The critical-temperature of water is 374.2 ℃.
Operating temperature of the present invention is well below the critical-temperature T of water
K(=374.2 ℃), therefore, vapour one liquid phase of water becomes two-way variation and all can carry out at normal temperatures.
If the pure air source among Fig. 3 is changed into high-voltage power supply; Condenser changes cold temperature source, and then in theory, the series connection of this device is used, and just can liquefy all gas one by one from vacuum system and separate.
Among Fig. 6,1, vacuum meter and sensor , 2, negative-pressure cup, 3, pipeline, 4, micro-step motor and electromagnetism control switch
, 5, three-way diverter valve E, 6, pipeline, 7, vavuum pump, 8, motor and electromagnetism control switch .
Negative pressure source is work (seeing front view earlier) like this
(1) program makes magnetic valve 40, opens the passage of a certain vacuum tank (being made as the A jar) and negative pressure source.Make electromagnetism control switch
Start, micro-step motor 4 makes angle of three-way diverter valve E rotation, connects b and c.At this moment, the pure air in the A jar just flows to negative-pressure cup 2.The rapid balance of two jars pressure.If final value is P
1, sensor is P
1Value is transferred to CPU, and CPU sends instruction according to this.
(2) program makes stepper motor 4 start, and makes E change an angle again, connects a and c (seeing G-1 figure); Make the vavuum pump running again, make the vacuum of A jar continue to improve, reach upper limit working vacuum degree P at last
aThis moment, program made magnetic valve 40 (see figure 7)s close this passage.
(3) program makes E connect b and a, and (seeing G-2 figure), vavuum pump makes the vacuum of negative-pressure cup 2 bring up to P
f
So far, negative pressure source is finished a working cycles, and program just makes vavuum pump stop, and negative pressure source is in wait state.
Among Fig. 7,1, the vacuum work jar, 2, Pressure gauge and sensor 8., 3, CPU and each input and output pin, 4, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch , 5, the water vapour filter, 6, pipeline, 7, the pernicious gas collecting tank, 8, vacuum meter and sensor
, 9, Pressure gauge and sensor 7., 10, pipeline, 11, vapour or gas source pipe, 12, condenser, 13, micro-machine and sensor , 14, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch 1., 15, pipeline, 16, vacuum meter and sensor
, 17, the pernicious gas collecting tank, 18, the water vapour filter, 19, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch , 20, Pressure gauge and sensor , 21, vacuum meter and sensor are 10., 22, vacuum tank, 23, pipeline, 24, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch are 5. 6., 25, drainage pipeline, 26, hopper, 27, pipeline, 28, logical negative pressure source pipeline, 29,30 pipelines, 31, vacuum meter and sensor 9., 32, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch are 3., 33, remove the pre-joint of frost device, 34, gas tank, 35, micromachine and electromagnetism control switch 2., 36, micro air pump, 37,38,39, pipeline, 40, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch are 4..
Fig. 7 is the embodiment 2 that designs according to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
Function ratio Fig. 2 of Fig. 7 has increased many, and existing division is as follows:
(I) condenser: (being 12 and 13 in the drawings), its inlet temperature is T1, outlet temperature is T
2(T
2＞＞T
1) and be positioned at the extreme higher position of whole system.When the steam in vapour source during through it, will lower the temperature, step-down, reach condensation point, at the bottom of becoming the globule and dropping down onto fast jar.This just makes the vacuum of jar descend slowly, has prolonged the working time of this jar, has improved the separative efficiency of system, and in addition, it also can play the check valve protective effect, prevents certain switch misoperation, causes that gas flows backwards, and reduces system effectiveness.
(II) pernicious gas gathering-device: its position promptly can be higher than vacuum tank, also can be lower than vacuum tank, and this will decide on the proportion of pernicious gas.Its volume size is decided according to the number of pernicious gas.Its vacuum generally will be lower than the vacuum of work jar group, and its purpose is to form a kind of vacuum " potential well ", more helps attracting or catching the pernicious gas molecule.
If collecting tank is regarded as a source of the gas, several piece-rate systems of connecting again, and adopt low temperature and high pressure technique, just can separate several harmful mists one by one.
Among Fig. 8,1, admission line, 2, the water vapour filter course, 3, resistance wire, 4, the thermal radiation reflector, 5, the water vapour filter course, 6, outlet pipe, 7, power supply.
The direction of arrow Q indication is an airflow direction.P1 is the pressure of work jar, P
2Be the pressure of collecting tank, and P
2＜P
1
L is the distance between filter course and the thermal radiation reflector.The L value is the smaller the better, and the little heat of sending to heating wire is unlikely to burn out till the filter course.The power (W) of general heating wire is less, and between 5～60 watts, therefore, so the problem that does not exist filter course to burn out is desirable L=0.
φ
1And φ
2Be respectively admission line diameter and escape pipe diameter.
φ
3And φ
4Be respectively the small-bore and the large aperture of reflector.
Selecting of resistance wire power should be looked caliber φ
1And decide φ
1Greatly, power consumption is big, and the W value is just corresponding big, otherwise W is littler.In addition, resistance wire power is too for a short time not to have effect, too greatly not only can burn out filter course, and can increase unnecessary energy consumption and reduce the ability that attracts the pernicious gas molecule.
The principle of filter is as described below:
Because the vacuum P of collecting tank
2The vacuum P of＞work jar
1, just there is a pressure differential in this, i.e. vacuum " potential well ", and vapour or gas just produce along pipeline φ
1To φ
2The trend that direction flows.
Do not allow water vapour enter in order only to allow pernicious gas enter " potential well ", just must be at pipeline φ
1And φ
2Between add filter course.
But this is also not all right, is stopped up by water vapour because the space of filter course is very easy, and hinders passing through of other gas.So filter course is made as twice, preceding thicker together, after thinner together.And between twice, load onto heating wire and thermal radiation reflector.Its objective is and make thermograde of the inner formation of the first road filter course.Near from thermal source, temperature is high, otherwise low.
This thermograde can hinder water vapour by filter course, its direction and pressure reduction (P
2-P
1) direction opposite, and numerical value equates.That is to say that gas that thermograde produces moves that the gas that gesture and pressure reduction causes moves the gesture equal and opposite in direction, direction is opposite, promptly the total mobile gesture of water vapour is zero.At normal temperatures, the kinetic energy of other gas molecule is more much bigger than the water vapour, and does not have sticking problem, and therefore, pernicious gas is non-vanishing in the total mobile gesture of Q direction.
As a result, water vapour is not subjected to the suction of vacuum " potential well ", can't stop up the space of filter course.Naturally other gas just can pass unblockedly, finally is absorbed among the vacuum " potential well ".
Fig. 9 ordinate is represented the variation of pressure, and unit is kg/cm
2The operating pressure in pure air source is P
y, its value is for 2-10kg/cm
2, P
cBe the pressure phase transition or the pressure at expulsion of vacuum tank, general value is P
c=1.5～3kg/cm
2
The final vacuum of negative pressure source is P
f=10
-5Torr.
The upper limit working vacuum degree P of vacuum tank group
a=10
-3Torr, lower limit P
bValue is determined on a case-by-case basis.P
aWith P
bDifference be vacuum tank the working vacuum degree (as figure P
aWith P
bBetween dash area).
Among Fig. 9, the right, P
1Be atmospheric value.P
1～P
0Be vaccum interval, wherein I is the low vacuum district, and II is the medium vacuum district, and III is the high vacuum district, and IV is the ultrahigh vacuum district.
Allow negative pressure source be operated in high vacuum region III; The vacuum tank group is operated in the part among medium vacuum district (II) or the high vacuum district III, and is comparatively suitable.Because the low vacuum workspace, dry gesture is low, and system effectiveness is low, and totle drilling cost raises.In the ultrahigh vacuum district, to the requirement height of vavuum pump, price is inevitable high, and correspondingly, totle drilling cost also raises.
Figure 10 is the working procedure of vacuum tank, now is described below:
Dotted line begins, and 1 to 2, the vacuum tank group is evacuated, and reaches working vacuum degree P at last
a, for Fig. 2,2 to 3 for inhaling the vapour working stage, and as can be seen from the figure, this section curve is steeper, and gradient is big, and vacuum descends very soon, and the working time is short, and system effectiveness is lower.3 to 4 are the phase transformation stage, and the time is short, phase velocity is fast.4 to 5 is bleeding stage, and 5 to 7 are the stage of bleeding, and it is more relatively that institute's time-consuming is really spent in the work that reaches.Embodiment 1 so far finishes a working cycles.
For Fig. 3 and Fig. 7 owing to increased condensing unit, elongate to the working time that makes vacuum tank, from 2 along dotted line to 3 points, the efficient of system obviously improves.The basically identical of all the other working stages and Fig. 2.
Figure 10 is the operating temperature t of condenser, wherein t
1Be ceiling temperature, t
2Be lower limit temperature, t
3Be limiting temperature.
General condenser working is in t
1＜t
x＜t
3Scope in, and t
1=5 ℃, t
2=-5 ℃, t
3=-12 ℃.
Among Figure 12,1, ε links to each other with vacuum tank A, 2, magnetic valve, 3, the outlet of r row frost, 4, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch, 5, condenser, 6, micro-step motor and electromagnetism control switch
, 7, power supply, 8, K
2Be that the electromagnetism control closes, 9, α is air inlet, 10, air heater, 11, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch
12, pipeline, 13 with 11,14, β is the vapour source inlet, 15, the adjustable throttle threshold switch, 16, condenser motor and electromagnetism control switch , 17, electromagnetism control switch 3., 18, W links to each other with vacuum tank B.
The operation principle of deicing defroster is as described below:
Steam begins to enter condenser 5 along pipeline through magnetic valve 13, II, IV from vapour source β, after condensation, comes out from VI, continues to cross magnetic valve 2, leads to ε.For a certain reason, during water vapour process condenser 5, the stifled or frosting phenomenon of ice takes place, at this moment, another branch road is opened in the condenser, allows steam pass through (not drawing among the figure).Original pipeline that produces the stifled phenomenon of ice just is in defrost phase.Import and export two ends at condenser respectively are equipped with a vacuum transducer, and the signal that it will ice stifled or frosting phenomenon passes to CPU, and CPU sends a series of instructions according to this: (1) makes electromagnetism control K switch
2Open, magnetic valve 11 is opened, and 13 close, stepper motor 6 operations, and magnetic valve 2 cuts out, and 4 open.
(2) vapour source can't enter the A jar by magnetic valve 13, II, IV, VI, ε.It can only walk another branch road.
(3) after pure empty vapour α passes power and is 5～1000 watts of heaters 10, become hot-air, hot-air continues through magnetic valve 11, through I, the II point time-division two tunnel; The first via arrives outlet r through I, throttle switch 15, III, V, magnetic valve 4; Outlet r is arrived through II, IV, VI, V magnetic valve 4 in another road.
(4) owing to II, IV, this road of VI, produce the stifled phenomenon of ice, thermal air current can't pass through at once, can only pass through from I, III, this road of V.Choke valve is left to maximum, and hot-air enters in the condenser, and at first defrosting then, is heated the pipe that produces the stifled phenomenon of ice outside managing.In ice plugging, the ice of tube wall dissolves earlier, produces mobile trend.Choke valve is turned down, and thermal air current meets obstructions, and produces back pressure, and this back pressure is added on the ice cube that is dissolving in the pipe conversely, and promotes it and leave pipeline in the condensing unit, is discharged from piece-rate system along IV, V, 4, r.
As a result, stifled, the frosting phenomenon of ice is excluded.The deicing, the defrosting shunting device that are parallel to III, IV quit work.
This device is by heated air source, magnetic valve and sensor, and compositions such as choke valve and pipeline have simple in structurely, and it is little to consume energy, deicing defrosting efficiency height, low cost and other advantages.
(annotate: the symbol in the accompanying drawing 1., 2.
Represent electromagnetism control switch and sensor.)
Claims (9)
1, water vapour separator in a kind of continuous vacuum system, it is made of two subsystems, one by negative pressure source, pure air source, the vapour source, the pernicious gas gathering-device, condenser, water storing tank and vacuum tank group etc. are formed work system, another is by computer, sensor, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch etc. constitute control system, two systems organically are associated in together by pipeline and lead respectively each other, it is characterized in that: the vacuum tank group takes turns to operate under regulated procedure control successively, any one jar job order can be divided into bleeds, inhale vapour, four-stage such as phase transformation and draining, and after system finishes these four working stages, return to original state again, be called a working cycles, in the vacuum tank group, since first jar, each jar all takes turns to operate once, promptly finish a working cycles, get back to first jar at last again, be called a systemic circulation.
2, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: condenser is serially connected with between vapour source and the vacuum tank group, and is positioned at the top of whole system.
3, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: condenser makes steam produce the thermograde of falling suddenly, promptly passes through the outlet temperature T of condenser tubes
2＜＜its inlet temperature T
1
4, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the vacuum P of pernicious gas collecting tank
2The vacuum P of＞work jar
1Thereby, produce a vacuum " potential well ", be used for attracting or catching the pernicious gas molecule.
5, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pernicious gas gathering-device is equipped with two road water vapour filter courses, heating wire and thermal radiation reflector, and power N=5～60 of heating wire watt, it is parabolic that reflector is, the centre has an aperture, and reflector can be concentrated most of heat that resistance wire sends and reflex on the first road filter course, forms and hinders the thermograde that water vapour passes through.
6, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in system's drainage works stage, pure air injects the pressure P of vacuum tank
c=1.5～3kg/cm
2
7, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: deicing defrosting shunting device is incorporated at the two ends of condenser into, it is made of heated air source, magnetic valve, sensor, throttle valve control switch, electromagnetism control switch and pipeline, its heated air source consumed power is 5～1000 watts, and choke valve can be used as switch and uses.
8, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the final vacuum P of negative pressure source
f=10
-3～10
-8
9, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: system works is between medium vacuum district and high vacuum district.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94116224 CN1069127C (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Water vapor separation device in vacuum system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94116224 CN1069127C (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Water vapor separation device in vacuum system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1119266A true CN1119266A (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| CN1069127C CN1069127C (en) | 2001-08-01 |
Family
ID=5037815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94116224 Expired - Fee Related CN1069127C (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Water vapor separation device in vacuum system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1069127C (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101915498A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-15 | 爱阔特(上海)清洗设备制造有限公司 | Intelligent vacuum drying method |
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| CN104272048A (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2015-01-07 | 振兴电子有限责任公司 | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
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- 1994-09-22 CN CN 94116224 patent/CN1069127C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101915498A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-15 | 爱阔特(上海)清洗设备制造有限公司 | Intelligent vacuum drying method |
| CN101915498B (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-12-07 | 爱阔特(上海)清洗设备制造有限公司 | Intelligent vacuum drying method |
| US9816757B1 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2017-11-14 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| CN104272048A (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2015-01-07 | 振兴电子有限责任公司 | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| CN104272048B (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2017-01-18 | 振兴电子有限责任公司 | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
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| US10928135B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2021-02-23 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| US11713924B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2023-08-01 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| CN102721518A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-10 | 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 | Vacuum pumping testing method and auxiliary device for super-large volume system |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1069127C (en) | 2001-08-01 |
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