CN1069127C - Steam separating technique in vacuum system and device - Google Patents
Steam separating technique in vacuum system and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1069127C CN1069127C CN 94116224 CN94116224A CN1069127C CN 1069127 C CN1069127 C CN 1069127C CN 94116224 CN94116224 CN 94116224 CN 94116224 A CN94116224 A CN 94116224A CN 1069127 C CN1069127 C CN 1069127C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a steam separating technique in a vacuum system and a device thereof. The present invention has the main functions of perfecting and enhancomg the vacuum drying technique, enlarging the application range and service efficiency of the vacuum drying technique, and realizing the maximum benefits of the technique by economical investment. The device is composed of two subsystems, wherein a working system of one subsystem is composed of a negative pressure source, a pure air source, a steam source, a water storage tank and a vacuum tank set; a control system of the other subsystem is composed of a computer, a sensor, an electromagnetic valve and an electromagnetic controlling switch. The two subsystems are organically connected with each other respectively by pipelines and conducting wires; the vacuum tank set orderly works under the control of specified programs, and finally, steam can be thoroughly separated.
Description
The invention belongs to the vacuum drying technique field.
Meaning of the present invention and effect are to improve and improve vacuum drying technique and dry mass, enlarge its range of application and improve its service efficiency, make it to obtain maximum benefit with most economical input.
The objective of the invention is to make water vapour in vacuum system, to obtain separating, and thoroughly solve the problem of vacuum drying system inefficiency for a long time.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
This device is made up of two vacuum tanks, by magnetic valve and pipeline etc., links with vapour source (or source of the gas) respectively, communicates with negative pressure source and source of the gas, joins with vapour (gas) body discharging container.Each jar all is equipped with vacuum meter and Pressure gauge.Two jars take turns to operate in the vacuum tank group.Each magnetic valve, electric-controlled switch and the physical quantity acquisition sensor (as sensors such as vacuum, pressure, humiture and gas flows) of control vacuum tank group are controlled by computer.When first vacuum tank of this device communicates with vapour source, because the effect of vacuum, steam flows into vacuum tank, the vacuum of this jar reduces, pressure increases, along with the increase of pressure and when reaching a certain setting value (occurrence can be decided according to the requirement of whole system), vacuum sensor is surveyed numerical value with institute and is sent computer to, after handling, computer for analysis sends instruction, after the electromagnetism control switch of controlling first vacuum tank is received instruction, will make its pipeline of communicating with vapour source of closed electromagnetic valve of this jar of control, meanwhile, the pipeline that two other magnetic valve can be opened this jar and vapor emission container again respectively and communicate with pneumatic supply.After the air-flow of pneumatic supply enters this jar, water vapour is all discharged, and at this moment, the pressure sensor of this jar works, it sends the atmospheric pressure value of being surveyed to computer, after computer is handled by analysis, send instruction again, after corresponding electromagnetism control switch is received instruction, will allow this jar of control a closed electromagnetic valve its with vapor emission container and the pipeline that communicates with pneumatic supply, simultaneously, allow another magnetic valve of this jar of control open the pipeline that it communicates with negative pressure source, this jar is evacuated again immediately.So far first vacuum tank is just finished first work period, is waiting for entering the next work period.The time that second vacuum tank enters duty is that the pipeline that only communicates with vapour source when first vacuum tank begins by closed electromagnetic valve the time, and subsequent working procedure is identical with first jar, does not sew one by one at this and states.By the technical scheme of above design, just can realize the purpose that water vapour separates from vacuum system.
Water vapour separation principle in the vacuum system is such:
At first it must be realized by such device: a vacuum tank group, several are arranged, (but must have two at least), vacuum tank A, B, C ... n (n is a definite and limited natural number) forms, by magnetic valve and pipeline etc., link with vapour source (or source of the gas) respectively, communicate, join with vapour (gas) body discharging container with negative pressure source and pneumatic supply.Each jar all is equipped with vacuum meter and Pressure gauge.And each jar in the vacuum tank group takes turns to operate.Magnetic valve, electromagnetism control switch and some physical quantity acquisition sensors (as sensors such as vacuum, pressure, humiture and gas flows) are controlled by computer.The physical quantity acquisition sensor is given computer the survey transfer of data, after computer for analysis is handled, sends instruction by certain working procedure, and magnetic valve or electromagnetism control switch are received this instruction, just make corresponding action, and the controller electric installation is by the rules operation.
Secondly it must be made of two subsystems.One by negative pressure source, pure air source, hopper (vapor emission container), vacuum tank group and steam (or gas) source formation work system; Another constitutes control system by electromagnetism control switches such as the sensor of computer (CPU), various necessity and magnetic valves; Two systems organically are bound up by pipeline and lead respectively each other.
Possess above-mentioned two conditions, one complete, and the water vapour separator in the vacuum system has just constituted.In this device, the separation process of water vapour is such: each jar worked successively in the vacuum tank group, when each jar is started working, all is equivalent to a vacuum source.If allow first jar to start working earlier.Water vapour flows into first jar naturally under the effect of vacuum and steam partial pressure, the pressure of this jar rises to certain certain value gradually, and at this moment, " high pressure " source channels is beaten in continuing to flow into of solenoid valve shuts gas simultaneously, and gases at high pressure (being pure air) inject.According to thermodynamic principles, at room temperature, when pressure was elevated to certain value, water vapour will undergo phase transition, i.e. liquefaction.Water vapour in jar undergoes phase transition promptly liquefaction at once under the pressure of the pure air of " high pressure " (for vacuum), at the bottom of forming " raindrop " and dropping down onto jar, be gathered into the puddles of water.This moment, solenoid valve shuts high-voltage power supply passage is opened drainage channel, and " high pressure " gas in jar is greater than the atmospheric pressure in the external world, and therefore, this hollow water at jar end is drained into hopper.Reduce to when equating with atmospheric pressure when the pressure in the jar, allow the closed electromagnetic valve drainage channel at once, open the negative pressure source passage simultaneously, then this jar is evacuated, and this jar returns to original vacuum again.
The working procedure of all the other each jars, with first jar identical, and the time that enters duty be the time that last jar withdraws from " suction vapour " stage.
Finish a working cycles for first jar, promptly finish and vacuumize (bleeding), inhale four actions such as vapour (gas), phase transformation, draining, return to original duty again and be called a partial circulating; After all jars are finished the working cycles of oneself successively in the vacuum tank group, get back to first jar again and then be called a systemic circulation.
For more clearly illustrating its operation principle, existing is example with the working condition of two jars of A, B only, and the rest may be inferred for all the other:
The first step: vacuumize or bleed the stage.Send instruction by computer, magnetic valve (1) is opened, allow A, B jar communicate with negative pressure source simultaneously.A, B pressure tank are finally reduced to some working vacuum degree.Then, magnetic valve (1) cuts out, and has cut off the passage of A, B jar and negative pressure source.
Second step: inhale the vapour working stage.Program allows magnetic valve (2) open, and makes in the vacuum tank group to have only jar A to communicate with the vapour source.The vapour pressure in vapour source is greater than the vacuum pressure of jar A, and the gas molecule just flows to the A jar, causes the vacuum of A jar to reduce gradually.When the reading of vacuum meter demonstration was a rated value, sensor sent signal to computer immediately, and computer is according to instruction of signal characteristic output.After magnetic valve (2) was received this action command, the passage of just closing A jar and vapour source simultaneously, was connected the passage in B jar and vapour source.The B jar is in working stage as a result, and the A jar enters the phase transformation stage.
The 3rd step: phase transformation stage.Program allows magnetic valve (3) connect jar A and pressure source [or pure air source (being made of micro air pump, pipeline, storage tube and control original paper)] passage.Pure air (clean and dry air) enters in the A jar, and (dew point) state that reaches capacity immediately of the water vapour in internal pressure being risen rapidly cause jar condenses into the globule (raindrop) under the effect of gravity, at the bottom of falling into jar, forms the puddles of water.
The 4th step: bleeding stage.Sensor is given computer with the pressure transmission of A jar this moment.Program just allows magnetic valve (3) close the passage of this jar and pressure source, allows magnetic valve (4) connect the passage of A jar and water container simultaneously.This hollow water at the jar end is just extruded by " high pressure " gas of its inside, enters in the water container.
The 5th step: restore or vacuumizing phase.Pressure in the A jar is reduced to atmospheric pressure state after discharging moisture content, pressure sensor transmits the data of surveying to computer.Program allows magnetic valve (4) close, and allows magnetic valve (1) connect the passage of A jar and negative pressure source.Pressure in the A jar returns to original vacuum work state again as a result.So far, the A jar has been finished a working cycles, is waiting for the arriving of next working cycles.
Here need to prove, in above-mentioned five steps, relate to magnetic valve sequence number (1), (2), (3), (4) etc., only show the action of different magnetic valves, and irrelevant with the numbering in the following legend.
The B jar comprises that the working procedure of other each jar is all identical with the A jar, is temporal difference only, sees following table for details.
Vacuum tank number in the vacuum tank group can be according to the power of vavuum pump and the speed of evacuation and is decided.The power of vavuum pump is big, and the speed of evacuation is fast, and the number of jar can be less, otherwise, some more.In addition, also should decide according to selected vacuum operation interval.Vacuum operation interval scope is big, can be less with several jars; The vacuum operation interval is narrow, just must be many with several jars.In any case the number of vacuum tank should be determined on a case-by-case basis.
This device possesses above-mentioned two primary conditions equally, so its operation principle is also same as described above.Two vacuum tanks of this device, every through a working cycles (cycle), all separable water vapour that goes out certain volume, the work that they go round and begin again, just can constantly water vapour one volume one be discharged long-pendingly, this has just realized the purpose that water vapour separates with vacuum system.Whole device is made of two subsystems, i.e. work system and control system.Relative movement part mainly is the electromagnetism control switch of control system and magnetic valve etc., and therefore, its general structure is simple and clear, and Operation and maintenance are convenient, automaticity height, good reliability.In addition, it also has following advantage:
(1) can keep powerful dry gesture constant substantially, i.e. system effectiveness height, the continuity of system works and harmonious good.
(2) can not only separation of water vapor, can also isolate pernicious gas, even the liquids and gases in any vacuum system are separated.
(3) avoid that pernicious gas is unprocessed just directly to be exhausted among the atmosphere, cause pollution environment.
(4) heart-vavuum pump of protection vacuum system.Avoid being corroded, and the efficient of reduction vavuum pump what is more, also may cause the infringement of vavuum pump, has influence on the normal operation of whole system by harmful gas (or vapour) body.
(5) create a comparatively quiet production environment.
(6) compare with the drier partition method, its production smoothing is better, and the separative efficiency height in addition, has also saved the link of activated desiccant and the time of replacing drier.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
The reason of Fig. 1, past vacuum drying inefficiency.
Fig. 2, water vapour piece-rate system embodiment 1.
Fig. 3, water vapour piece-rate system embodiment theory diagram.
The isothermal variation diagram of Fig. 4, vapour or gas-liquid phase transition.
Vapour under Fig. 5, the different temperatures or gas-liquid phase transition isothermal variation diagram.
Fig. 6, piece-rate system negative pressure source fundamental diagram.
Fig. 7, water vapour piece-rate system embodiment 2.
Water vapour filter fundamental diagram in Fig. 8, the pernicious gas gathering-device.
The operation interval of Fig. 9, pure air source, negative pressure source and vacuum tank.
In Figure 10, the vacuum tank group, the working plan of each vacuum tank.
The temperature range of Figure 11, condenser working.
Figure 12, the pipeline by condenser, it is inner to occur that ice is stifled, the deicing defroster during the frosting phenomenon.
Among Fig. 1, Q is for flowing through the steam that comes from vapour source, and just the direction along the arrow indication is entering vacuum tank N, and gradually be full of whole space, the stain in jar represent steam molecule, the steam molecule in jar continues along the past vavuum pump Z diffluence of the direction of arrow.At this therebetween, the vacuum in the vacuum tank N is changed to very low state rapidly by very high state.As long as vavuum pump is taken a part of steam away in vacuum tank N, vapour source will replenish a part.Again because the speed of exhaust of vavuum pump, it is very high that vacuum moment in jar N is jumped to, and adds constantly replenishing of vapour source, and this just causes whole system to work under very low vacuum, nature, and it is low that the drying efficiency of system becomes.The present invention just can thoroughly solve this problem that solves of can not get for a long time.It can improve whole system " working vacuum degree ", thus the effectively raising of moving system drying efficiency.
Among Fig. 2,1, CPU chip of computer, 2, chip pin, 3, water storing tank, 4, magnetic valve, 5, drainage pipeline, 6, vacuum pipe, 7, air gauge and sensor, 8, vacuum tank A, 9, vacuum meter and sensor, 10, pure air duct, 11, micro air pump, 12, micromachine and electromagnetism control switch 2., 13, jet chimney, 14, gas tank.According to embodiment 1, program allows electromagnetism control switch 4. open magnetic valve 4, and A, B jar are connected with negative pressure source simultaneously, and negative pressure source is started working, and make the vacuum of A, B jar bring up to Pa, and the final vacuum of negative pressure source is Pf, and the vacuum of vacuum＞Pa of Pf.The neglecting the dry object of different dry greatly of Pa value and deciding.7. and 9. sensor sends the data of Pa to CPU.CPU receives after the signal, sends several corresponding instruction immediately: (1) makes magnetic valve 4 or 4. closes, and the passage of vacuum tank group and negative pressure source is cut off as a result, and at this moment, the vacuum tank group is in the preparation work state; (2) make magnetic valve 4 or 1. open the passage 13 of A jar and vapour source, allow the A jar start working, the B jar is waited for.Certainly, above program also can design like this, allows the A jar vacuumize earlier, allows the B jar vacuumize then, simultaneously, allows the A jar enter duty.Steam is by pipeline 13, magnetic valve 4 or 1. flow into the A jar continuously.Pressure in the A jar rises immediately, and promptly vacuum descends.When vacuum was reduced to Pb (Pb is a working vacuum degree lower limit, if be lower than this limit, whole system and drying efficiency will reduce), 9. vacuum transducer sent signal to CPU at once.CPU also correspondingly sends a series of instructions: (1) makes magnetic valve 4 or 1. cuts off the path of A jar and vapour source, opens the path of B jar and vapour source simultaneously.Put the B jar in duty.(2) 3., make corresponding solenoid valve 4 actions, pipeline 10 and gas tank 14 are connected by electromagnetism control switch.Allow the A jar enter the phase transformation state, the pure air of high pressure (obtaining clean and dry air by filter) injects the A jar, and the pressure in the A jar is in 1.5＜Py＜3 (Kg/CM at once at this moment
2) scope among, the water vapour in jar reaches capacity thereupon, and is condensed at the bottom of the globule or raindrop drop down onto jar, forms the puddles of water.When pressure rises to 3Kg/CM rapidly
2, and hold after some seconds, 8. or 9. sensor sends signal to CPU again.CPU sends a series of instructions according to this: (1) makes magnetic valve 4 or 3. closes pure air source and the path of vacuum tank A; (2) make magnetic valve 4 or 5. open tank 3 and the A jar between path.This moment, the A jar entered bleeding stage.Water in jar just by " high pressure " gas through drainage pipeline 5 and magnetic valve 4 or 5. row advance in the rhone.When the air pressure in the A jar drops to consistent with ambient pressure and holds and continue 1 second the time, 8. and 9. sensor sends signal to CPU simultaneously.Therefore CPU sends two instructions again: (1) makes magnetic valve 4 or 5. closes, and cuts off the A jar and gets in touch with extraneous atmosphere; (2) make magnetic valve 4 or 4. connect vacuum pipe 6, the A jar is communicated with negative pressure source through vacuum pipe 6.Allowing the A jar enter bleeds or vacuumizing phase.When the pressure in the A jar was reduced to original work upper limit vacuum Pa, 8. or 9. sensor sent signal to CPU again, and CPU sends instruction according to this, makes magnetic valve 4 or 4. cuts off getting in touch of A jar and negative pressure source.So far, the A jar is finished a working cycles, waits for circulation next time.
The working procedure of B jar is identical with the A jar, does not sew one by one at this and states.
Among Fig. 3, CPU is a computer chip, it is the maincenter of control whole system, and it controls negative pressure source, vacuum tank group, (water, impurity reach) pernicious gas process tank, pressure source or pure air source, condenser and deicing (frost) device and six big workpieces such as vapour or source of the gas by each sensor and electromagnetism control switch.Wherein heavy line is that (stream moves towards vapour, and dotted line is pure air flow, and fine line is a control line.This figure has clearly described the correlation and the operation principle of each parts of water vapour piece-rate system.
Fig. 3 has several places different with Fig. 2.Fig. 3 has done one to Fig. 2 and has turned into, has increased following several means: (1) condenser.Its effect is in order to improve the operating efficiency of vacuum tank group, to prolong the working time of each vacuum tank, increase the ability of holding water vapour, accelerate the phase velocity of vapour or gas, enlarging the range of application of piece-rate system.(2) deicing defroster.Its effect is to serve condenser, just in case condenser frosting or section of tubing produce the stifled phenomenon of ice, and when influencing system works, the defrosting deicer will play a role at once, thoroughly eliminate " frost " phenomenon, and, regulate the operating temperature of condenser, the generation that makes it to stop this phenomenon immediately by computer.(3) pernicious gas process tank (or collecting tank).Its effect is exactly the collection and treatment pernicious gas, does not allow it directly enter among the atmosphere contaminated environment.
Three above-mentioned devices have increased the function and the efficient of original (referring to Fig. 2) whole system, connect each other between them, interdepend, and constitute a system jointly, become this system's inalienable part.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are and disclose the schematic diagram that gas (vapour)-liquid phase becomes rule in the thermodynamics.
Among Fig. 4, the A section is a gaseous state; The BC section is a solution-air biphase equilibrium coexisting state; The CD section is a liquid condition.Along this curve, by A → D isotherm compression is described, the pressure increase causes the process of gas liquefaction.This principle of the present invention is injected the vacuum tank that is full of steam to pure air, makes water vapour liquefaction.Otherwise by D → A explanation isothermal increase-volume, pressure descends, and causes the gasification of liquid.This principle is used to vacuum drying.
Fig. 5 is divided into three zones such as I district, II district, III district.Every bit in the I district all is single gaseous state; Every bit all is the state of gas-liquid two-phase coexistence in the II district, and wherein gas phase is the saturated vapor state; Each point in the III all is single liquid state.Every curve among Fig. 5 is a thermoisopleth, and temperature rising curve up moves.The K point is critical point, and Tk is critical-temperature, and corresponding thermoisopleth is a critical isotherm, when temperature is higher than critical-temperature Tk, do not occur horizontal component on the thermoisopleth, promptly can not occur the state of solution-air biphase equilibrium coexistence in the process of isotherm compression, at this moment no matter pressure is much, and gas can not liquefy yet.The critical-temperature of water is 374.2 ℃.Operating temperature of the present invention is well below the critical-temperature Tk (=374.2 ℃) of water, and therefore, the two-way variation of the Liquid-Vapor Phase Transition of water all can be carried out at normal temperatures.If the pure air source among Fig. 3 is changed into high-voltage power supply, condenser changes cold temperature source into, and then in theory, the series connection of this device is used, and just can separate all gas one by one from vacuum system.
Among Fig. 6,15, be negative-pressure cup, 16, be three-way diverter valve E, 17, be vavuum pump.
Negative pressure source is work (seeing front view earlier) like this:
(1) program makes magnetic valve 4 or 4. opens a certain vacuum tank (being made as the A jar) and the passage of negative pressure source.Make electromagnetism control switch
Start micro-step motor 12, make angle of three-way diverter valve E rotation, connect b and c.At this moment, the pure air in the A jar just flows to the rapid balance of pressure of 15, two jars of negative-pressure cups.If final value is P1, sensor is transferred to CPU to the P1 value, and CPU sends instruction more according to this.(2) program makes stepper motor 12 start, and makes E change an angle again, connects a and c (seeing G-1 figure); Make the vavuum pump running again, make the vacuum of A jar continue to improve, reach upper limit working vacuum degree Pa at last.This moment program make magnetic valve 4 or 4. (see figure 7) close the passage of A jar and negative pressure source: (3) program makes E connect b and a (seeing that G-2 schemes), and vavuum pump 17 makes the vacuum of negative-pressure cup 15 bring up to Pf.So far, negative pressure source is finished a work period, and program just makes vavuum pump quit work, and negative pressure source is in wait state.
Among Fig. 7,18, be the water vapour filter, 19, be the pernicious gas circulation duct, 20, the pernicious gas collecting tank, 21, condenser, 22, remove the pre-joint of frost device.
Fig. 7 is the embodiment 2 that designs according to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Function ratio Fig. 2 of Fig. 7 has increased many, and existing division is as follows:
(I) condenser (being 21 and 12 in the drawings).Its inlet temperature is T1, and outlet temperature is T2 (T
2＞＞T
1) and be positioned at the extreme higher position of whole system.When the steam in vapour source during through it, will lower the temperature, step-down, reach condensation point, at the bottom of becoming the globule and dropping down onto fast jar.This just makes the vacuum of jar descend slowly, has prolonged the working time of this jar, has improved the separative efficiency of system, and in addition, it also can play the protective effect of check valve, prevents certain switch misoperation, causes that gas flows backwards, and reduces system effectiveness.(II) pernicious gas gathering-device.Its position promptly can be higher than vacuum tank, also can be lower than vacuum tank, and this will decide on the proportion of pernicious gas.Its vacuum generally will be lower than the vacuum of work jar group, and its purpose is to form a kind of vacuum " potential well ", more helps attracting or catching the pernicious gas molecule.If collecting tank is regarded as a source of the gas, several piece-rate systems of connecting again, and adopt low temperature and high pressure technique, just can separate several pernicious gases one by one.
Among Fig. 8,23, be admission line, 24, be the water vapour filter course, 25, be resistance wire, 26, be the thermal radiation reflector, 27, be electromagnetism control Switching Power Supply.The direction of arrow Q indication is an airflow direction, and P1 is the pressure of work jar, and P2 is the pressure of collecting tank, and P2＜P1.L is the distance between filter course and the thermal radiation cover.The L value is the smaller the better, and the little heat of sending to heating wire is unlikely to burn out till the filter course.The power (W) of general heating wire is less, and between 5-60 watt, therefore, so the problem that does not exist filter course to burn out is desirable L=0.Φ
1And Φ
2Be respectively admission line diameter and outlet pipe diameter.Φ
3And Φ
4Be respectively the hole diameter and the big bore dia of reflector.Selecting of resistance wire power should be looked caliber Φ
1And decide Φ
1Greatly, power consumption is big, and the W value is just big, otherwise W is littler.In addition, resistance wire power is too for a short time not to have effect, too greatly not only can burn out filter course, and can increase unnecessary energy consumption and reduce the ability that attracts the pernicious gas molecule.
The principle of filter is as described below:
Because the vacuum P1 of the vacuum P2 of collecting tank＞work jar, just there is a pressure differential in this, i.e. vacuum " potential well ", vapour or gas just generation along pipeline Φ
1To Φ
2The trend that direction flows.In order only to allow pernicious gas enter " potential well ", and do not allow water vapour enter, just must be at pipeline Φ
1And Φ
2Between add filter course.But this is also not all right, is stopped up by water vapour because the space of filter course is very easy, and hinders passing through of other gas.So filter course is made as twice, preceding thicker together, after thinner together, and between twice, load onto heating wire and thermal radiation reflector.Its objective is and make thermograde of the inner formation of the first road filter course.Near from thermal source, the temperature height, on the contrary low.This thermograde can hinder water vapour by filter course, and its direction is opposite with the direction of pressure reduction (P2-P1), and numerical value equates.That is to say that gas that thermograde produces moves that the gas that gesture and pressure reduction causes moves the gesture equal and opposite in direction, direction is opposite, promptly the total mobile gesture of water vapour is zero.At normal temperatures, the kinetic energy of other gas molecule is more much bigger than the water vapour, and does not have sticking problem, and therefore, pernicious gas is non-vanishing in the total mobile gesture of Q direction.As a result, water vapour is not subjected to the suction of vacuum " potential well ", can't stop up the space of filter course.Naturally other gas just can pass unblockedly, finally is absorbed among the vacuum " potential well ".
Among Fig. 9, ordinate is represented the variation of pressure, and unit is Kg/CM
2The operating pressure in pure air source is Py, and its value is 2-10Kg/CM
2, Pc is the pressure phase transition or the pressure at expulsion of vacuum tank, general value is Pc=1.5～3Kg/CM
2The final vacuum of negative pressure source is Pf=10
-5Torr.The upper limit working vacuum degree Pa=10 of vacuum tank group
-3Torr, the value of lower limit Pb is determined on a case-by-case basis.The difference of Pa and Pb is the working vacuum degree (as the dash area between figure Pa and the Pb) of vacuum tank.Among Fig. 9, the right, P1 is an atmospheric value.P1～P0 is a vaccum interval, and wherein I is the low vacuum district, and II is the medium vacuum district, and III is the high vacuum district, and IV is the ultrahigh vacuum district.Allow negative pressure source be operated in the high vacuum region III: the vacuum tank group is operated in the part in medium vacuum district II or the high vacuum district III, and is comparatively suitable.Because the low vacuum workspace, dry gesture is low, and system effectiveness is low, and totle drilling cost raises.In the ultrahigh vacuum district, to the requirement height of vavuum pump, price is inevitable high, and correspondingly, totle drilling cost also raises.
Figure 10 is the working procedure of vacuum tank, now is described below:
Dotted line begins, and 1 to 2, the vacuum tank group is evacuated, and reaches working vacuum degree Pa at last, and for Fig. 2,2 to 3 for inhaling the vapour working stage, and as can be seen from the figure, this section curve is steeper, and gradient is big, and vacuum descends very soon, and the working time is short, and system effectiveness is lower.3 to 4 are the phase transformation stage, and the time is short, accelerates mutually.4 to 5 stages were bleeding stage, and 5 to 7 are the stage of bleeding, and it is more relatively to reach working vacuum degree institute time-consuming.Embodiment 1 so far finishes a working cycles.
For Fig. 3 and Fig. 7 owing to increased condensing unit, elongate to the working time that makes vacuum tank, from 2 along dotted line to 3 points, the efficient of system obviously improves.All the other working stages and Fig. 2 basically identical.
Figure 11 is the operating temperature t of condenser, wherein t
1Be ceiling temperature, t
2Be lower limit temperature, t
3Be limiting temperature.The operating temperature t of general condenser
1＜t
x＜t
3Scope in, and t
1=5 ℃, t
2=-5 ℃, t
3=-12 ℃.
Among Figure 12,13, be the water vapour pipeline, wherein ε links to each other with vacuum tank A, and ω links to each other with vacuum tank B, and 28, the outlet of Y row frost, 30, air heater, 31, the adjustable throttle threshold switch.
The operation principle of deicing defroster is as described below: steam from vapour source β begin along pipeline 13 through magnetic valves 4 or
, II, IV, enter condenser 21, after condensation, come out from VI, continue to cross magnetic valve 4 or 1..Lead to ε.For a certain reason, during water vapour process condenser 21, the stifled or frosting phenomenon of ice takes place, at this moment, another branch road is opened in the condenser 21, allows steam pass through (not drawing among the figure).Original pipeline that produces the stifled phenomenon of ice just is in defrost phase.Respectively be equipped with a vacuum transducer at the outlet two ends of condenser, the signal that it will ice stifled or frosting phenomenon passes to CPU, and CPU sends a series of instructions according to this: (1) makes electromagnetism control switch 27K
2Open, magnetic valve 4 or
Be opened,
Close.Stepper motor 12 or
Operation, magnetic valve 4 or 1. close,
Open.(2) vapour source can't pass through magnetic valve 13, β, 4
, II, IV, IV, 4 1., ε enters the A jar.It can only walk another branch road.(3) after pure air α passes power and is 5～1000 watts of heaters 30, heating, hot-air continue through magnetic valve 4 or
, through I, II point time-division two-way: the first via, through I, throttle switch 31, III, V, magnetic valve 4 or
To outlet γ; Another road, through II, IV, IV, V and magnetic valve 4 or
To outlet γ.(4) owing to II, IV, this road of VI, the stifled phenomenon of generation ice, thermal air current can't pass through at once, can only pass through from I, III, this road of V.Choke valve is left to maximum, and hot-air enters in the condenser, and at first defrosting then, is heated the pipe that produces the stifled phenomenon of ice outside managing.In ice plugging, the ice of tube wall dissolves earlier, produces the trend that moves.Choke valve is turned down, and thermal air current meets obstructions, and produces back pressure, and this back pressure is added on the ice cube that is dissolving in the pipe conversely, and promotes it and leave pipeline in the condensing unit, along IV, VI, V, 4 or
Be discharged from piece-rate system with γ.As a result, ice is stifled is excluded with the frosting phenomenon.The deicing, the defrosting shunting device that are parallel to II, IV quit work.This device is by heated air source, magnetic valve and sensor, and compositions such as choke valve and pipeline have simple in structurely, and it is little to consume energy, deicing defrosting efficiency height, low cost and other advantages.(annotate: the symbol in the accompanying drawing 1. 2. 3.
Deng representing electromagnetism control switch and sensor.)
Claims (9)
1, the water vapour separator in a kind of continuous vacuum system, it is made of two subsystems, and one by negative pressure source, pure air source, vapour source, pernicious gas gathering-device, condenser, water storing tank and vacuum tank group etc. are formed work system; Another constitutes control system by computer, sensor, magnetic valve and electromagnetism control switch etc., two systems organically link together by pipeline and lead respectively each other, it is characterized in that: the vacuum tank group should be made up of two vacuum tanks at least, under the control of computer CPU, take turns to operate successively, each vacuum tank all is equipped with sensor and communicates with the pipeline of various different purposes respectively, CPU controls opening and closing of its magnetic valve by each electromagnetism control switch, finishes each vacuum tank with this and bleeds, inhales quadrinomial job tasks such as vapour, phase transformation and draining.
2, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: condenser is serially connected with between vapour source and the vacuum tank group, and is positioned at the top of whole system.
3, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: condenser makes steam produce the thermograde of falling suddenly, promptly passes through the outlet temperature T of condenser tubes
2＜＜its inlet temperature T
1
4, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the vacuum P in the pernicious gas gathering-device
2The vacuum P of＞vacuum tank group
1Thereby, produce a vacuum " potential well ", be used for attracting or catching the pernicious gas molecule.
5, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the pernicious gas gathering-device is equipped with two road water vapour filter courses, heating wire and heat radiation reflector, and power N=5～60 of heating wire watt, it is parabolic that reflector is, the centre has an aperture, and reflector can be concentrated most of heat that resistance wire sends and reflex on the first road filter course, forms and hinders the thermograde that water vapour passes through.
6, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in system's drainage works stage, pure air injects the pressure P of vacuum tank
c=1.5～3Kg/CM
2
7, device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: deicing defrosting shunting device is incorporated at the two ends of condenser into, it is made of heated air source, magnetic valve, sensor, throttle valve control switch, electromagnetism control switch and pipeline, its heated air source consumed power is 5～1000 watts, and choke valve can be used as switch and uses.
8, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the final vacuum P of negative pressure source
f=10
-3～10
-8
9, device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: system works is between medium vacuum district and high vacuum district.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94116224 CN1069127C (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Steam separating technique in vacuum system and device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94116224 CN1069127C (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Steam separating technique in vacuum system and device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1119266A CN1119266A (en) | 1996-03-27 |
| CN1069127C true CN1069127C (en) | 2001-08-01 |
Family
ID=5037815
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 94116224 Expired - Fee Related CN1069127C (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1994-09-22 | Steam separating technique in vacuum system and device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1069127C (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101915498B (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-12-07 | 爱阔特(上海)清洗设备制造有限公司 | Intelligent vacuum drying method |
| US9513053B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-12-06 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| US11713924B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2023-08-01 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| US10876792B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2020-12-29 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| US10240867B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2019-03-26 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| US9970708B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2018-05-15 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| US10690413B2 (en) | 2012-02-01 | 2020-06-23 | Revive Electronics, LLC | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| CN104272048B (en) * | 2012-02-01 | 2017-01-18 | 振兴电子有限责任公司 | Methods and apparatuses for drying electronic devices |
| CN102721518A (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-10 | 武汉一冶钢结构有限责任公司 | Vacuum pumping testing method and auxiliary device for super-large volume system |
| CN112126800A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2020-12-25 | 遵义钛业股份有限公司 | Pre-pumping method for assembling reactor and large cover in titanium sponge production |
| CN115930552B (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-05-23 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Vacuum drying system and method of use thereof |
-
1994
- 1994-09-22 CN CN 94116224 patent/CN1069127C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1119266A (en) | 1996-03-27 |
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