CN111925236A - System for organic fertilizer is made to organic waste - Google Patents
System for organic fertilizer is made to organic waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111925236A CN111925236A CN202010678269.0A CN202010678269A CN111925236A CN 111925236 A CN111925236 A CN 111925236A CN 202010678269 A CN202010678269 A CN 202010678269A CN 111925236 A CN111925236 A CN 111925236A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for preparing organic fertilizer from organic wastes, which relates to the technical field of garbage treatment and comprises a household garbage pretreatment system, wherein the household garbage pretreatment system is connected with a countercurrent drying system, the countercurrent drying system is connected with a pyrolysis reduction system, the pyrolysis reduction system is connected with a flue gas purification system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a real-time monitoring system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a sewage treatment system, the sewage treatment system is connected with a sludge treatment system, the pyrolysis reduction system comprises a furnace body, a discharge hopper is arranged on the furnace body, and a drying layer, a pyrolysis gasification layer, a combustion layer, a burnout layer and an ash hopper are sequentially arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a system for preparing organic fertilizer from organic wastes.
Background
Municipal solid waste is solid waste generated in municipal daily life or in activities of providing services for municipal daily life. The domestic garbage is complex in components, contains a large amount of organic matters, can generate a large amount of bacteria and stink, is dissolved by metal to generate heavy metal pollutants, also contains a large amount of organic matters which are not easy to decompose, such as plastic, rubber and the like, and is influenced by factors such as economic development level, energy structure, natural conditions, traditional habits and the like in various regions, the garbage treatment is difficult to have a unified mode, and the garbage treatment has the following trend in the aspect of various foreign treatment modes: (1) the burning treatment proportion of industrially developed countries is gradually increased due to the increasing shortage of energy and land resources; (2) the sanitary landfill has always occupied a large proportion as the final disposal means of the garbage, and with the increasing strictness of the environmental protection standard, the design requirement on the landfill site is higher and higher.
The sanitary landfill method is most adopted in the world at present, the initial investment is low, the applicability is strong, various municipal domestic wastes can be received, the processing capacity is large, but the sanitary landfill needs to occupy a large amount of land resources, the plant site selection is difficult, in addition, another difficult problem of the sanitary landfill is the processing of percolate, the black liquor of the domestic garbage soaked and seeped by rainwater is high-concentration harmful liquid, BOD is a hazardous liquid5The concentration is higher, and its pollution degree is 3 ~ 5 times of excrement and urine, in case the seepage can cause the pollution to groundwater and soil property, and the leachate collecting pit is open-air generally moreover, still causes the pollution to the atmosphere easily.
The garbage incineration method is a temperature heat treatment technology, can achieve harmless treatment, reduction treatment and resource treatment simultaneously, is an advanced treatment method with large one-time investment, ash residues generated after incineration and residual garbage are sent to a landfill site for sanitary landfill treatment, the incineration is an urban garbage treatment technology widely adopted by countries in the world at present, and the incineration process and equipment are mature and advanced.
In order to solve the problems in the two waste gas treatment methods, the invention provides a system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of higher cost, waste of land resources and high environmental pollution degree of the existing garbage treatment mode in the prior art, and provides a system for preparing organic fertilizer from organic wastes, which has the effects of low process energy consumption, low environmental pollution degree, easy operation of equipment and wide application in municipal domestic garbage.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a system for preparing organic fertilizer from organic wastes comprises a household garbage pretreatment system, wherein the household garbage pretreatment system is connected with a countercurrent drying system, the countercurrent drying system is connected with a pyrolysis reduction system, the pyrolysis reduction system is connected with a flue gas purification system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a real-time monitoring system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a sewage treatment system, and the sewage treatment system is connected with a sludge treatment system;
the pyrolysis reduction system comprises a furnace body, a blanking hopper is arranged on the furnace body, and a drying layer, a pyrolysis gasification layer, a combustion layer, a burnout layer and an ash hopper are sequentially arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom.
Preferably, domestic waste pretreatment systems selects separately including domestic waste, domestic waste selects separately and adopts sealed negative pressure formula to store up the garbage room, and the separation of complicated material is accomplished to the equipment linear velocity, angular velocity, volume, structure, screen cloth size, elastic material, magnetic material and the shape that utilizes the different characters, sliding speed, deformation state, spring, adhesion, magnetism, dependence, proportion, collision and fall height determination of material behind the material entering sorting system, through artifical supplementary, the successful realization mix domestic waste classification, domestic waste pretreatment systems still includes allotment and fertile system.
Preferably, the countercurrent drying system is three-stage temperature control drying, wherein the temperature of the first stage is controlled at 200 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is controlled at 150 ℃, and the temperature of the third stage is controlled at less than 100 ℃.
Preferably, the flue gas purification system comprises SNCR denitration treatment, acid gas treatment and bag type deacidification and dust removal treatment.
Preferably, the real-time monitoring system comprises an online monitoring device, the online monitoring device is in networking management with a county environment-friendly monitoring department, and meanwhile, the online monitoring result of the flue gas is externally disclosed and is supervised by the public society.
Preferably, the sewage treatment system comprises an external membrane biochemical reactor, the membrane biochemical reactor intercepts active sludge and macromolecular organic substances in a biochemical reaction tank by utilizing membrane separation equipment, a secondary sedimentation tank is omitted, hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time can be respectively controlled, and substances which are difficult to degrade continuously react and degrade in the reactor.
Preferably, the sludge treatment system utilizes the waste heat of the pyrolysis gasifier to dry the sludge, remove a large amount of water in the sludge, the mixed material enters the pyrolysis gasifier, the mixed material is carbonized at the temperature of 1000-1300 ℃ to produce carbon slag, the carbon slag is discharged out of the furnace body, and the carbon slag is mixed with other inorganic materials and additives to prepare the pavior brick.
Preferably, the monitoring target of the flue gas purification system is SO2、NOx、HCl、HF、CO、CO2、O2、H2O、NH3Dust, flue gas flow and flue gas temperature.
Preferably, the pyrolysis step of the pyrolysis reduction system: the garbage after pretreatment is conveyed to a cracking main machine reaction kettle through a screw, the garbage continuously absorbs heat in the reaction kettle to perform pyrolysis reduction reaction, and the garbage is slowly conveyed to a cooling discharging system through the mechanical movement of a furnace bed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a system for preparing organic fertilizer from organic wastes, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method has low process energy consumption and easy operation of equipment, and can be widely applied to a plurality of fields of organic waste disposal, such as municipal domestic waste, rural plant stems, industrial papermaking waste, municipal sludge treatment, soil improvement and the like;
2. the whole pyrolysis reduction treatment process does not need any fuel such as coal, diesel oil and the like for supporting combustion, and the emission of smoke is less than that of the traditional incineration technology;
3. the invention has obvious reduction, the amount of the treated garbage is reduced by 95 percent, and the occupied area is saved by more than 90 percent compared with the direct landfill;
4. the solid substance subjected to pyrolysis reduction has stable physical and chemical properties, and the odor emission after stacking and fermentation of garbage and the secondary pollution of volatilization and leakage of harmful liquid to atmosphere and underground water are avoided;
5. the byproduct carbon black has wide utilization space; the carbon content is high, the fuel has good combustible performance, and is a novel high-grade fuel; the activated carbon has stronger activity and is an ideal material for adsorbing the activated carbon; the trace nutrient elements such as N, P, K and the like are well reserved, the soil conditioner is a scarce soil restoration improver, and the yield of crops can be increased by 30 to 50 percent;
6. the byproduct combustible gas can be directly used for power generation and is used for daily operation of a plant;
the device has the advantages that the structure is scientific and reasonable, the use is safe and convenient, and great help is provided for people.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a pyrolysis gasifier in a system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of sewage treatment in the system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste according to the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. Feeding a hopper; 2. drying the layer; 3. a pyrolysis gasification layer; 4. a combustion layer; 5. a burnout layer; 6. an ash bucket.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which can be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be a mechanical connection, but also an electrical connection; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, and can communicate between the two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case by those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution of a system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste: a system for preparing organic fertilizer from organic wastes comprises a household garbage pretreatment system, wherein the household garbage pretreatment system is connected with a countercurrent drying system, the countercurrent drying system is connected with a pyrolysis reduction system, the pyrolysis reduction system is connected with a flue gas purification system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a real-time monitoring system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a sewage treatment system, and the sewage treatment system is connected with a sludge treatment system;
the pyrolysis reduction system comprises a furnace body, a blanking hopper 1 is arranged on the furnace body, and a drying layer 2, a pyrolysis gasification layer 3, a combustion layer 4, a burnout layer 5 and an ash hopper 6 are sequentially arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom.
In the invention, preferably, the domestic garbage pretreatment system comprises domestic garbage sorting, the domestic garbage sorting adopts a sealed negative pressure type garbage storage room, the separation of complex materials is completed by utilizing equipment linear velocity, angular velocity, volume, structure, screen mesh size, elastic material, magnetic material and shape determined by different properties, sliding speed, deformation state, bounce, adhesion, magnetism, attachment, specific gravity, collision and falling height of the materials after the materials enter the sorting system, and the mixed domestic garbage classification is successfully realized through manual assistance, and the domestic garbage pretreatment system also comprises blending and fertilizer preparation.
In the invention, preferably, the countercurrent drying system is three-stage temperature control drying, wherein the temperature of the first stage is controlled at 200 ℃, the temperature of the second stage is controlled at 150 ℃, and the temperature of the third stage is controlled at less than 100 ℃.
In the invention, preferably, the flue gas purification system comprises SNCR denitration treatment, acid gas treatment and bag type deacidification and dust removal treatment.
In the invention, preferably, the real-time monitoring system comprises online monitoring equipment, the online monitoring equipment realizes the networking management with a county environment-friendly monitoring department, and simultaneously, the online monitoring result of the flue gas is externally disclosed and is supervised by the public of society.
In the invention, preferably, the sewage treatment system comprises an external membrane biochemical reactor, the membrane biochemical reactor intercepts the activated sludge and macromolecular organic substances in the biochemical reaction tank by utilizing membrane separation equipment, a secondary sedimentation tank is omitted, the hydraulic retention time and the sludge retention time can be respectively controlled, and the substances which are difficult to degrade continuously react and degrade in the reactor.
In the invention, preferably, the sludge treatment system utilizes the waste heat of the pyrolysis gasifier to dry the sludge, remove a large amount of water in the sludge, send the mixed material into the pyrolysis gasifier, carbonize at 1000-1300 ℃ to produce carbon slag, discharge the carbon slag out of the furnace body, and mix the carbon slag with other inorganic materials and additives to prepare the pavior brick.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the monitoring target of the flue gas purification system is SO2、NOx、HCl、HF、CO、CO2、O2、H2O、NH3Dust, flue gas flow and flue gas temperature.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the pyrolysis step of the pyrolysis reduction system: the garbage after pretreatment is conveyed to a cracking main machine reaction kettle through a screw, the garbage continuously absorbs heat in the reaction kettle to perform pyrolysis reduction reaction, and the garbage is slowly conveyed to a cooling discharging system through the mechanical movement of a furnace bed.
The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows: when in use, unsorted domestic garbage is received, in order to achieve the aim of clean production, the environmental sanitation department sends the collected mixed domestic garbage and sludge to a domestic garbage treatment plant, a vehicle for transporting the domestic garbage enters a closed (micro-negative pressure) feeding room to dump the garbage into a closed domestic garbage temporary storage bin, the domestic garbage is firstly subjected to biological sterilization and deodorization treatment in the temporary storage bin, then the mixed domestic garbage is sent to a production line for mechanical classification, bag breaking and primary separation are carried out by automatic feeding equipment, recyclable matters (such as plastic, glass, metal and the like) are separated and respectively processed and utilized, waste plastic and rubber products are cleaned, sterilized, classified and packaged and sold to plastic and rubber utilization factories after mechanical separation, and white pollution and black pollution are solved; the glass and the metal are sorted out in a small quantity, and are recycled to a waste purchasing station for centralized utilization after being cleaned; the brick and tile are low in stone quantity and utilization value, and can be processed into building materials such as color pavement bricks, lawn bricks and the like; the organic matter which can be decomposed by wet garbage is sent to a biochemical bin, the organic matter is converted into organic matter through aerobic microbial reaction for 12-15 days, the organic matter meets the requirement of harmlessness, then fine separation and drying are carried out, organic fine powder with about 60 meshes is prepared, then a proper amount of raw materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, a synergist, special strains and the like are added, granulation is carried out after chelation reaction, a biological organic fertilizer (organic-inorganic compound fertilizer) is prepared, high-temperature aerobic fermentation reaction is carried out, various harmful bacteria and viruses in the domestic garbage can be completely eliminated through high temperature (60-70 ℃) with duration not less than 7200min, and the biological organic fertilizer product meets various indexes of national standard and agricultural standard related to sanitation and safety. The combustible material that dry rubbish was selected separately carries out pyrolysis gasification, and the carbon that pyrolysis gasification gas produced is used for making fertile raw materials, and combustible gas except that the burning for pyrolysis gasification heat supply, still is used for the electricity generation to provide the energy for whole project, and all the other heats are used for making fertile process's hot blast, and combustible gas burning tail gas is discharge up to standard after purification treatment. Because the humidity required by biochemical reaction is 60%, and water needs to be added in the garbage biochemical reaction, the garbage percolate (the amount of which is not enough) generated in the production process can be used for the biochemical reaction of the domestic garbage, and the garbage percolation is realized without discharge. The cleaning wastewater of the kitchen waste is treated by an oil-water separator to remove oil and slag in the cleaning wastewater, the cleaning wastewater is discharged into a sewage treatment station after reaching the standard, and the cleaned solid part of the kitchen waste enters a biochemical bin for preparing fertilizer.
The household garbage is mechanically sorted into recoverable garbage (directly recycled), slag-building garbage, decomposable garbage and combustible garbage, the decomposable garbage is used for preparing fertilizer by biotransformation, and the combustible garbage is gasified to provide energy for projects. As the water content of the garbage needs to be adjusted to 60 percent during fertilizer preparation, the garbage percolate can be completely utilized and is not discharged. After solid, water and oil separation of the kitchen waste is realized, the fixed substances are used for preparing fertilizer, the sorted building residue type waste, the collected building waste and ash slag generated by cracking gasification are sent to a building waste treatment process for brick making, combustible gas generated by cracking gasification is mainly used for power generation, a heat source required by waste drying and fertilizer preparation is also provided by cracking gasification, no external energy is needed for waste treatment, no solid waste is discharged, and the transported waste is a resource product.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the garbage storage room is sealed in a negative pressure type, after materials enter a sorting system, separation of complex materials is completed by utilizing equipment linear speed, angular speed, volume, structure, screen mesh size, elastic material, magnetic material and shape determined by different properties, sliding speed, deformation state, bounce, adhesion, magnetism, attachment, specific gravity, collision, falling height and the like of the materials, classification of mixed household garbage is successfully realized through manual assistance, and inorganic matters of the household garbage after mechanical sorting enter a pyrolysis reduction system; conveying the corrodible organic matters and the pretreated kitchen waste into a biochemical workshop; kitchen waste belongs to the field of household waste, a kitchen waste generating unit stores the waste in a special collecting barrel, the waste is placed at a specified position at a specified time and is cleared by a special collecting vehicle, the kitchen waste and the household waste are cooperatively treated in a treatment plant, the kitchen waste special collecting vehicle realizes solid-liquid separation, pyrolysis waste heat supplies heat to a liquid temporary storage tank to ensure that oil is not solidified, an oil-water separator finishes oil-water separation, the oil can be sold, water serves as biochemical bin to supplement water, the solid of the kitchen waste, residues obtained by oil-water separation and decomposable substances of the household waste enter a mixer, decomposed microbial agents are added into the mixer, the water content and the C/N ratio are well prepared, and the kitchen waste is decomposed in the biochemical bin to be processed into organic fertilizer, so that the problem of high oil content and high salt of the independently decomposed; adding a decomposing microbial inoculum, and blending the water content: 55%, C/N blending: 25:1, and fully mixing. Aerobic fermentation: transferring the materials in the batching bin to a biochemical bin, supplying oxygen regularly and quantitatively by a high pressure fan from the bottom, raising the temperature to over 55 ℃ on the 1 st day, decomposing at 55-75 ℃ for 5 days, and cooling to normal temperature after 2 days without odor. Aging in a bin, then carrying out fine separation to remove impurities, drying by utilizing combustion tail gas of pyrolysis combustible gas, crushing, separating to remove impurities, grinding into 60 meshes, adding nutrients (containing microbial inoculum) and then storing; drying the garbage after the intervention treatment by utilizing waste heat: (1) controlling the temperature of the first section at 200 ℃ for drying; the second section controls the temperature to 150 ℃; the third stage controls the temperature to be below 100 ℃; (2) the waste heat drying and pyrolysis reduction furnace is designed in a matched manner, the dehydration rate of a drying system can reach more than 50%, the product is mature and reliable, the operation is simple, and the failure rate is low; (3) the front end of the air inlet of the waste heat drying system is connected with an air heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger adopts a tubular heat exchange mode, so that the product is mature and reliable, and the heat exchange efficiency is high; (4) the waste heat drying discharge port adopts a spiral discharging machine.
Pyrolysis reduction is also called dry distillation, which is a process of heating and decomposing organic solid waste under the condition of no oxygen or oxygen deficiency, including reactions such as bond breakage of macromolecules, isomerization and polymerization of micromolecules, and finally decomposing the organic solid waste into three resources: (1) combustible gases mainly containing low-molecular hydrocarbons such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc.; (2) fuel oil which is liquid at normal temperature and comprises compounds such as acetic acid, acetone, methanol and the like; (3) carbon black formed by mixing pure carbon, sand, etc. has the following general formula: organic solid waste (H)2、CH4、CO、CO2Etc.) gas + (organic acids, tar, etc.) organic liquid + carbon black; (4) the pretreated garbage is conveyed into a cracking main machine reaction kettle through a screw, the garbage continuously absorbs heat in the reaction kettle to carry out pyrolysis reduction reaction, the garbage is conveyed to a cooling discharging system slowly through mechanical movement of a furnace bed, and the gas in the reaction kettle is heated to 850 ℃ for staying time more than or equal to 5S. No air is added in the pyrolysis reduction process, so that the calorific value of combustible gas generated by the pyrolysis reduction reaction is higher and can reach 12 MJ-18 MJ, and the combustible gas can be directly used as fuel gas. The waste gas generated in the whole process of the pyrolysis reduction treatment is directly combusted compared with the garbageThe amount of the generated waste gas is small, so that the running cost of subsequent waste gas treatment is reduced; the programmable controller S7-300 system selected by the control is a set of brand-new intelligent, digital, on-site and flexible-structure open control system provided by German Siemens processing plant, integrates the latest field bus technology, embedded software technology, advanced control technology, network technology and the like, has high-speed and reliable data input and output, operation and process control functions and PLC interlocking logic control function, can adapt to wider and more complex application requirements, and can completely meet the requirements provided by the project. The provided S7-300 series PLC can leave the factory after passing strict test, and all functions can be realized only by connecting a power supply and input and output signals on site; the system refers in particular to an intelligent, digital, on-site and flexible-structure open control system S7-300PLC which is based on a microprocessor and is released by German Siemens processing factories, and comprises a site control unit, an operation unit, a communication system, corresponding software and the like; the system control function (field level and operation level) is formed by Siemens S7-300 series plc, a Weilun touch screen and a field sensor, and the management level and the information system are formed by Siemens winc configuration software. The Distributed Control System (DCS) is formed by the two modules; all pressure, temperature and special corresponding audible and visual alarms are given on site, and corresponding control requirements can be made on corresponding equipment; all motors on site have corresponding overcurrent and overload protection, and all devices operating in a grading way refuse to respond when the operating level is not reached; the combustion control is realized by monitoring the temperature of the pyrolysis reduction, and the gas and air flow are controlled by an automatic regulating valve to reach the ideal temperature of the pyrolysis reduction reaction. The internal pressure is adjusted by a variable frequency fan; flue gas detection inserts the distributed control system through site instrument, and the rethread network inserts the supervision network, for guaranteeing that tail gas emission up to standard discharges, this project adopts "desulfurization + compound gas cleaning + active carbon adsorption + sack dust removal" gas cleaning system, includes: a composite flue gas purification tower, active carbon, cloth bag dust removal and a unit system chimney. The flue gas purification process has wide application in practice, nitrogen oxide is generated during waste incineration, and the formation of the nitrogen oxide is related to the temperature in the furnace and the air content mainlyNO is a component, and generally, NO starts to be produced at 1200 ℃ or higher. The operation data of the waste incineration plant in China show that the NOx emission value can be 250mg/Nm only by controlling the combustion temperature and the oxygen quantity3Within, the requirements of the current national standard are met. However, the project aims to further reduce NO in the flue gasxThe content of the denitration catalyst is to meet the increasingly strict environmental protection requirement, and the SNCR denitration is adopted. The SNCR method is to spray urea solution into the flue gas, and generate ammonia free radical and NO by decomposing the urea solution in a high-temperature (900-1100 ℃) areaxReacting to reduce it to N2、H2O and CO2Thus achieving the purpose of removing NOx.
According to the difference of the original NOx emission concentration, the denitration efficiency of the SNCR method is 30-50%. The project selects urea as a denitration reducing agent, the smoke emission of the garbage pyrolysis reducing furnace is small, and the garbage pyrolysis reducing furnace contains harmful substances: acid gases (HCl, SO)2HF), dust, heavy metals, NOx. Heavy metals enter the precipitator in solid, liquid and gaseous form, and as the exhaust gas cools, the gaseous fraction is converted into solid or liquid particles that can be captured. Therefore, the lower the temperature of the exhaust gas purification system, the better the purification effect of the heavy metals. The process has no dioxin problem, adopts an anaerobic pyrolysis reduction principle, does not burn garbage, has a high-temperature anaerobic environment in the pyrolysis reduction furnace, has gas phase residence time of more than 3s, and adopts water chilling for cooling the outlet of a gaseous product of the high-temperature pyrolysis reduction. The whole treatment process avoids the necessary reaction environment for generating the dioxin, and avoids the generation of the dioxin in principle.
Harmful gas with small smoke dust content in the flue gas at the outlet of the pyrolysis reduction furnace enters an acid gas absorption tower, and simultaneously slaked lime slurry is sprayed into the absorption tower to react with HC1 and SO in the flue gas2HF generates neutralization reaction to generate CaC12、CaSO4、CaF2The particles fall to the bottom of the absorption tower, and the basic chemical reaction formula is as follows:
SO3+Ca(OH)2→CaSO4+H2O
SO2+Ca(OH)2→CaSO3+H2O
2HC1+Ca(OH)2→CaC12+2H2O
2HF+Ca(OH)2→CaF2+2H2O
Ca(OH)2the consumption is related to the reaction efficiency of the acid gas, the initial concentration of the acid gas, the atomization degree of the lime slurry and the reaction temperature, the flue gas after the acid gas is removed, the flue gas with the smoke generated by combustion, calcium salt generated by neutralization reaction and hydroxide which is not completely reacted leave the reaction tower and enter the bag-type dust remover, the temperature of the flue gas in the reaction tower is controlled to be about 150 ℃, water is sprayed for cooling if necessary, the temperature of the flue gas entering the bag-type dust remover is about 150 ℃, the flue gas is further purified in the bag-type dust remover, and the flue gas is introduced into a draught fan after the reaction residues in the flue gas are removed.
Spraying activated carbon capable of adsorbing heavy metals and dioxin in flue gas in front of a bag-type dust collector, wherein an LPPW type long-bag pulse-jet dust collector is adopted as a bag-type dust collector in the system, and an online/offline switchable pulse-jet dust collection mode is adopted for dust collection of the dust collector; the LPPW series long bag PULSE bag-type dust collector is a special low-pressure PULSE bag-type dust collector developed for meeting the requirement of tail gas of a garbage incinerator on the basis of a JET PULSE (JET PULSE) technology, and has the characteristics of strong dust removal capacity, low equipment resistance, high dust removal efficiency, low emission concentration and the like. The dust removal system has stable and reliable operation (along with the operation rate of the host machine of 100 percent), low air consumption and small occupied area. The dust remover mainly comprises a support, an ash hopper, a middle box body, an upper box body, a filter bag, a blowing system, a control system, an ash discharging system and the like, and adopts a middle air inlet and chamber division structure to perform online or offline ash removal (switchable). The dust-containing flue gas enters the dust hopper from the air inlet, part of larger dust particles directly fall into the dust hopper due to the actions of inertial collision, natural sedimentation and the like, and other dust particles rise along with the airflow and enter each bag chamber; the slaked lime dry powder and the reaction auxiliary agent sprayed into the flue at the inlet of the dust remover form a stable and efficient reaction bed and an adsorption layer on the surface of a cloth bag of the dust remover, and when flue gas flows through the reaction bed and the adsorption layer, harmful components of the flue gas and slaked lime fully undergo chemical reaction or are adsorbed, so that the aim of removing harmful substances is fulfilled. After filtering with a filter bag, dust particles, reaction products and adsorbed components are blockedThe purified gas enters the upper box body from the interior of the filter bag and is exhausted into the atmosphere through the lift valve and the air outlet. The dust in the ash bucket is discharged by a screw conveyer and a rigid impeller discharger at regular time or continuously. The control system adopts PLC automatic control, and reserves a central control interface; the ash removal adopts timing or constant resistance ash removal, and the main performance indexes are as follows: inlet concentration:<10g/Nm3(ii) a Outlet concentration:<20mg/Nm3(ii) a The use temperature is as follows: 130 ℃ and 230 ℃; the resistance of the device:<1500 Pa; ash removal pressure: 0.3-0.5 MPa; equipment air leakage rate:<1％。
the real-time on-line monitoring equipment has the main functions: the state of the smoke emission can be checked at any time by the government and the public, and the smoke purification system is automatically controlled by an on-site industrial computer; flue gas sampling detector and SO with on-line monitoring2、NOxThe analyzers for HCl, CO, dust and the like, the flue gas flowmeter and other monitoring information are all transmitted to the central control room through the sensors and are displayed by the computer. Adopt import equipment, can realize with county environmental protection monitoring department network management, to the result of flue gas on-line monitoring simultaneously to public police, accept social public supervision, the monitoring target of system has: SO (SO)2、NOx、HCl、HF、CO、CO2、O2、H2O、NH3Dust, flue gas flow, flue gas temperature, etc. The Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) process is a novel wastewater treatment technology organically combining a membrane separation technology and a biotechnology. It utilizes membrane separation equipment to retain active sludge and macromolecular organic substances in the biochemical reaction tank, and saves secondary sedimentation tank. The concentration of the activated sludge is greatly improved, the hydraulic retention time and the sludge retention time can be respectively controlled, and substances which are difficult to degrade continuously react and degrade in the reactor, 1) organic matters in the sewage are degraded, NH3-N is nitrified into NO 3-by nitrifying bacteria, and the removal rate of the organic matters is more than 95 percent; the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is more than 97 percent; 2) the pretreatment process is simple, a large amount of chemical agents are not required to be added, and the operation process is simple; 3) high recovery rates, up to 99% or more, allow the operator to reduce the "pressure" on the membrane by reducing the recovery rate when the quality of the raw water fed in deteriorates, but at the same time allow the operator to reduce the "pressure" on the membrane by reducing the recovery rateProducing purified water of the same total amount and quality; 4) the system uses a logic process monitoring system, including flow transmitters and pressure transmitters, among others. This highly controlled system approach can be used to design zui flexible systems and increase the minimum requirements for operator interface; 5) air flushing ensures reliable operation under various inflow conditions; 6) the automatic back flushing ensures that the whole membrane flux is improved under lower membrane passing pressure; 7) the occupied area is small and is only 10-20% of that of the traditional process; 8) the service life is long, the continuous operation time can reach 7 ten thousand hours, and the yarn breakage rate is less than 1 percent. Detecting sludge, and making the sludge into an organic fertilizer after heavy metal components of the sludge enter a biotransformation system, wherein the heavy metal components of the sludge are lower than the standard of organic fertilizer (NY 525-2015); the heavy metal content is higher than that of organic fertilizer (NY525-2015) standard, and dehydration, pyrolysis and brick making processes are adopted. The sludge pretreatment system is designed autonomously, the sludge is dried by utilizing the waste heat of the pyrolysis gasifier, a large amount of water in the sludge is removed, the mixed material enters the pyrolysis gasifier, carbon slag is produced after carbonization (removal of harmful substances) is carried out at the high temperature of 1000-1300 ℃ and is discharged out of the furnace body, and the carbon slag is mixed with other inorganic materials and additives to prepare the pavior brick.
Comparative table of incineration oxidation and pyrolysis reduction process
Actually measured emission index of pyrolysis reduction process
In conclusion:
(1) the method has low process energy consumption and easy operation of equipment, and can be widely applied to a plurality of fields of organic waste disposal, such as municipal domestic waste, rural plant stems, industrial papermaking waste, municipal sludge treatment, soil improvement and the like;
(2) the whole pyrolysis reduction treatment process does not need any fuel such as coal, diesel oil and the like for supporting combustion, and the emission of smoke is less than that of the traditional incineration technology;
(3) the invention has obvious reduction, the amount of the treated garbage is reduced by 95 percent, and the occupied area is saved by more than 90 percent compared with the direct landfill;
(4) the solid substance subjected to pyrolysis reduction has stable physical and chemical properties, and the odor emission after stacking and fermentation of garbage and the secondary pollution of volatilization and leakage of harmful liquid to atmosphere and underground water are avoided;
(5) the byproduct carbon black of the invention has wide utilization space: the carbon content is high, the fuel has good combustible performance, and is a novel high-grade fuel; the activated carbon has stronger activity and is an ideal material for adsorbing the activated carbon; the trace nutrient elements such as N, P, K and the like are well reserved, the soil conditioner is a scarce soil restoration improver, and the yield of crops can be increased by 30 to 50 percent;
(6) the byproduct combustible gas can be directly used for power generation and is used for daily operation of a plant area.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above in detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, many simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the invention, including combinations of the technical features in any other suitable way, and these simple modifications and combinations should also be regarded as the disclosure of the invention, and all fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A system for preparing organic fertilizer from organic wastes comprises a household garbage pretreatment system and is characterized in that the household garbage pretreatment system is connected with a countercurrent drying system, the countercurrent drying system is connected with a pyrolysis reduction system, the pyrolysis reduction system is connected with a flue gas purification system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a real-time monitoring system, the flue gas purification system is connected with a sewage treatment system, and the sewage treatment system is connected with a sludge treatment system;
the pyrolysis reduction system comprises a furnace body, wherein a blanking hopper (1) is arranged on the furnace body, and a drying layer (2), a pyrolysis gasification layer (3), a combustion layer (4), a burnout layer (5) and an ash hopper (6) are sequentially arranged in the furnace body from top to bottom.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the domestic waste pretreatment system comprises a domestic waste sorting chamber, the domestic waste sorting chamber adopts a sealed negative pressure type garbage storage chamber, the separation of complex materials is completed by utilizing different properties, sliding speed, deformation state, bounce, adhesion, magnetism, attachment, specific gravity, collision and falling height of the materials after the materials enter the sorting system, and the mixed domestic waste sorting is successfully realized through artificial assistance.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the counter-current drying system is a three-stage temperature-controlled drying system, wherein the first stage temperature is controlled to 200 degrees, the second stage temperature is controlled to 150 degrees, and the third stage temperature is controlled to less than 100 degrees.
4. The system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flue gas purification system comprises SNCR denitration treatment, acid gas treatment and bag deacidification dedusting treatment.
5. The system for producing organic fertilizer by using organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the real-time monitoring system comprises an online monitoring device, the online monitoring device is managed by networking with a county environment protection monitoring department, and the online monitoring result of the smoke is externally disclosed and supervised by the public.
6. The system for producing organic fertilizer by using organic wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sewage treatment system comprises an external membrane bioreactor, the membrane bioreactor utilizes a membrane separation device to retain activated sludge and macromolecular organic substances in a biochemical reaction tank, a secondary sedimentation tank is omitted, hydraulic retention time and sludge retention time can be respectively controlled, and substances which are difficult to degrade are continuously reacted and degraded in the reactor.
7. The system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste as claimed in claim 1,
the sludge treatment system utilizes the waste heat of the pyrolysis gasifier to dry the sludge, removes a large amount of water in the sludge, the mixed material enters the pyrolysis gasifier, the mixed material is carbonized at the temperature of 1000-1300 ℃ to produce carbon slag, the carbon slag is discharged out of the furnace body, and the carbon slag is mixed with other inorganic materials and additives to prepare the pavior brick.
8. The system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste as claimed in claim 5,
the monitoring target of the flue gas purification system is SO2、NOx、HCl、HF、CO、CO2、O2、H2O、NH3Dust, flue gas flow and flue gas temperature.
9. The system for producing organic fertilizer from organic waste as claimed in claim 5,
a pyrolysis step of the pyrolysis reduction system: the garbage after pretreatment is conveyed to a cracking main machine reaction kettle through a screw, the garbage continuously absorbs heat in the reaction kettle to perform pyrolysis reduction reaction, and the garbage is slowly conveyed to a cooling discharging system through the mechanical movement of a furnace bed.
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Cited By (1)
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