CN111923513A - 一种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡 - Google Patents

一种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡 Download PDF

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CN111923513A
CN111923513A CN202010654379.3A CN202010654379A CN111923513A CN 111923513 A CN111923513 A CN 111923513A CN 202010654379 A CN202010654379 A CN 202010654379A CN 111923513 A CN111923513 A CN 111923513A
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颜悦
姜良宝
李晓宇
厉蕾
刘家希
张官理
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AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials
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    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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Abstract

本发明是一种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,本发明通过在有机承力层两侧各增加一层无机玻璃,并在无机玻璃上镀制电加热膜,解决了在有机玻璃上镀膜可靠性差的问题,同时在有机承力层两侧各增加一层无机玻璃,形成对称结构,大大降低了应力分层风险,另外,本发明通过在外层玻璃和内层玻璃边缘各增加Z型框,解决了由于承力层刚度小及热膨胀系数差异大等引起的分层问题。采用本发明制造的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡组件透光率高,抗鸟撞能力强。风挡组件的透光率大于75%,反射率小于3%,风挡组件可以承受1.8kg飞鸟以700Km/h的速度撞击而不穿透且无碎片飞溅。

Description

一种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡
技术领域
本发明是一种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,属于飞机风挡透明件的制备技术领域。
背景技术
随着民航飞机的不断发展,对风挡的制造要求也越来越高,不仅光学力学等性能提高,而且需要大幅度减重。为了解决这些问题,可采用提高玻璃强度、采用有机/无机材料复合结构等常用技术。其中有机/无机复合结构透明件由于具有轻质、高强的特点受到了透明件制造厂家的亲睐。而传统的有机无机透明件一般采用面层为无机玻璃,承力层为有机玻璃的结构,这种结构存在很多问题,首先由于无机和有机材料热膨胀系数差异较大,使用过程中无机玻璃和有机玻璃之间容易出现分层。其次由于风挡内层为有机材料,即使在表面施加防护涂层,在使用过程中仍然很容易引起划伤。再次,有机材料上镀制电加热膜的技术仍不成熟,导致在使用过程中容易出现掉膜等现象。此外,飞机风挡尤其是客机风挡在使用过程中每天都要经历座舱循环增压疲劳载荷,对于承力层为有机材料的透明件来说,由于刚度较小,导致在循环增压时风挡变形较大,也增加了风挡组件的分层风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足而设计提供了一种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其目的是使该种风档能够达到以下要求:
1、风挡组件的透光率大于75%;
2、风挡组件可以承受1.8kg飞鸟以700Km/h的速度撞击而不穿透且无碎片飞溅。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施来实现的:
该种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡是由多层结构复合而成,该多层结构由外向内依次为外层玻璃1、中间层Ⅰ4、承力层Ⅰ2、中间层Ⅱ5、承力层Ⅱ3、中间层Ⅲ6、内层玻璃7,外层玻璃1和内层玻璃7的轮廓尺寸小于承力层,其中:
外层玻璃1的内表面镀有电加热薄膜Ⅰ8,内层玻璃7的外表面镀有电加热薄膜Ⅱ21,电加温薄膜的方块电阻为5-30Ω/□,内层玻璃7的内表面镀有减反射薄膜9,减反射薄膜9为SiO2/TiO2/SiO2/Nb2O5/MgO/CeO2/SiO2多层膜的复合薄膜;
承力层Ⅰ2和承力层Ⅱ3为有机玻璃或聚碳酸酯,在承力层边缘上加工安装孔,将位于内侧的支撑板10和位于外侧的盖板11通过螺栓12、螺帽13将风挡的多层结构连接固定在一起,外层玻璃1和内层玻璃7均位于安装孔的圈内,而位于安装孔圈外的多层结构的间隙内填充胶黏剂Ⅲ15,另外,在支撑板10和内层玻璃7、中间层Ⅲ6之间填充胶黏剂Ⅰ19,在盖板11和外层玻璃1、中间层Ⅰ4之间填充胶黏剂Ⅱ18,在胶黏剂Ⅰ19、胶黏剂Ⅱ18内埋设一个Z型环Ⅰ20、Z型环Ⅱ17的下边,Z型环Ⅰ20、Z型环Ⅱ17的上边搭接在内层玻璃7、外层玻璃1边缘的表面,其周围涂敷密封胶Ⅰ14、密封胶Ⅱ16;
上述结构中,螺栓12上套装有衬套22用于隔离与多层结构材料的接触;
上述结构中,中间层Ⅱ5的厚度小于等于中间层Ⅰ4、中间层Ⅲ6的厚度,且中间层Ⅰ4、中间层Ⅲ6的厚度之差不超过2.0mm。
在一种实施中,外层玻璃1与内层玻璃7为物理钢化玻璃或化学钢化玻璃,进一步,所述物理钢化玻璃的表面应力为70-90MPa,化学钢化玻璃的应力层深度为50-300μm。
在一种实施中,外层玻璃1与内层玻璃7的厚度之差不超过2mm。
在一种实施中,承力层Ⅰ2、承力层Ⅱ3为聚碳酸酯板,厚度为8~15mm,所述聚碳酸酯板采用注射成型方法制成。
在一种实施中,电加热薄膜Ⅰ8的方块电阻小于电加温薄膜Ⅱ21的方块电阻。
在一种实施中,Z型环Ⅰ20、Z型环Ⅱ17选用铝合金或玻璃纤维复合材料,且两个Z型框的厚度之差不超过2.0mm。
在一种实施中,中间层Ⅰ4、中间层Ⅱ5、中间层Ⅲ6的材料为聚氨酯胶片或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛胶片。
在一种实施中,所述衬套22具有0°~15°锥角,材料为金属或有机材料,孔内径5~10mm,外径6~15mm。
在一种实施中,所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯类胶黏剂或聚硫类胶黏剂,所述述密封胶选用聚硫类或有机硅类胶黏剂。
本发明技术方案的特点及有益效果如下:
(1)本发明通过在外层玻璃和内层玻璃边缘各增加Z型框,解决了由于承力层刚度小及热膨胀系数差异大等引起的分层问题。
(2)本发明通过在有机承力层两侧各增加一层无机玻璃,并在无机玻璃上镀制电加热膜,解决了在有机玻璃上镀膜可靠性差的问题,同时在有机承力层两侧各增加一层无机玻璃,形成对称结构,大大降低了应力分层风险。
(3)采用本发明制造的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡组件透光率高,抗鸟撞能力强。风挡组件的透光率大于75%,反射率小于3%,风挡组件可以承受1.8kg飞鸟以700Km/h的速度撞击而不穿透且无碎片飞溅。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡的结构示意图
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步地详述:
实施例
参见附图1所示,该种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡是由多层结构复合而成,该多层结构由外向内依次为外层玻璃1、中间层Ⅰ4、承力层Ⅰ2、中间层Ⅱ5、承力层Ⅱ3、中间层Ⅲ6、内层玻璃7;
本实施例结构中,外层玻璃1和内层玻璃7的轮廓尺寸小于承力层,外层玻璃1与内层玻璃7为物理钢化玻璃或化学钢化玻璃,物理钢化玻璃的表面应力为70-90MPa,化学钢化玻璃的应力层深度为50-300μm,外层玻璃1与内层玻璃7的厚度之差不超过2mm;
本实施例结构中,中间层Ⅰ4、中间层Ⅱ5、中间层Ⅲ6的材料为聚氨酯胶片或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛胶片,承力层Ⅰ2、承力层Ⅱ3为聚碳酸酯板,厚度为8~15mm,所述聚碳酸酯板采用注射成型方法制成;
本实施例结构中,外层玻璃1的内表面镀有电加热薄膜Ⅰ8,内层玻璃7的外表面镀有电加热薄膜Ⅱ21,电加温薄膜的方块电阻为5-30Ω/□,同时,电加热薄膜Ⅰ8的方块电阻小于电加温薄膜Ⅱ21的方块电阻;内层玻璃7的内表面镀有减反射薄膜9,减反射薄膜9为SiO2/TiO2/SiO2/Nb2O5/MgO/CeO2/SiO2多层膜的复合薄膜;
本实施例结构中,在承力层边缘上加工安装孔,将位于内侧的支撑板10和位于外侧的盖板11通过螺栓12、螺帽13将风挡的多层结构连接固定在一起,外层玻璃1和内层玻璃7均位于安装孔的圈内,而位于安装孔圈外的多层结构的间隙内填充胶黏剂Ⅲ15,另外,在支撑板10和内层玻璃7、中间层Ⅲ6之间填充胶黏剂Ⅰ19,在盖板11和外层玻璃1、中间层Ⅰ4之间填充胶黏剂Ⅱ18,在胶黏剂Ⅰ19、胶黏剂Ⅱ18内埋设一个Z型环Ⅰ20、Z型环Ⅱ17的下边,Z型环Ⅰ20、Z型环Ⅱ17的上边搭接在内层玻璃7、外层玻璃1边缘的表面,其周围涂敷密封胶Ⅰ14、密封胶Ⅱ16,Z型环Ⅰ20、Z型环Ⅱ17选用铝合金或玻璃纤维复合材料,且两个Z型框的厚度之差不超过2.0mm;
本实施例结构中,螺栓12上套装有衬套22用于隔离与多层结构材料的接触,所述衬套22具有0°~15°锥角,材料为金属或有机材料,孔内径5~10mm,外径6~15mm;
上述结构中,中间层Ⅱ5的厚度小于等于中间层Ⅰ4、中间层Ⅲ6的厚度,且中间层Ⅰ4、中间层Ⅲ6的厚度之差不超过2.0mm。
本实施例结构中,所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯类胶黏剂或聚硫类胶黏剂,所述述密封胶选用聚硫类或有机硅类胶黏剂。
本实施例制备的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡通过了透光率、反射率和抗鸟撞性能测试,风挡的透光率80%,反射率3%,风挡组件可以承受1.8kg飞鸟以700Km/h的速度撞击而不穿透且无碎片飞溅。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的若干优选实施方式,但如前所述,应当理解本发明并非局限于本文所披露的形式,不应看作是对其他实施方式的排除,可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境,并能够在本发明构想范围内,通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围,则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:该风挡是由多层结构复合而成,该多层结构由外向内依次为外层玻璃(1)、中间层Ⅰ(4)、承力层Ⅰ(2)、中间层Ⅱ(5)、承力层Ⅱ(3)、中间层Ⅲ(6)、内层玻璃(7),外层玻璃(1)和内层玻璃(7)的轮廓尺寸小于承力层,其中:
外层玻璃(1)的内表面镀有电加热薄膜Ⅰ(8),内层玻璃(7)的外表面镀有电加热薄膜Ⅱ(21),电加温薄膜的方块电阻为5-30Ω/□,内层玻璃(7)的内表面镀有减反射薄膜(9),减反射薄膜(9)为SiO2/TiO2/SiO2/Nb2O5/MgO/CeO2/SiO2多层膜的复合薄膜;
承力层Ⅰ(2)和承力层Ⅱ(3)为有机玻璃或聚碳酸酯,在承力层边缘上加工安装孔,将位于内侧的支撑板(10)和位于外侧的盖板(11)通过螺栓(12)、螺帽(13)将风挡的多层结构连接固定在一起,外层玻璃(1)和内层玻璃(7)均位于安装孔的圈内,而位于安装孔圈外的多层结构的间隙内填充胶黏剂Ⅲ(15),另外,在支撑板(10)和内层玻璃(7)、中间层Ⅲ(6)之间填充胶黏剂Ⅰ(19),在盖板(11)和外层玻璃(1)、中间层Ⅰ(4)之间填充胶黏剂Ⅱ(18),在胶黏剂Ⅰ(19)、胶黏剂Ⅱ(18)内埋设一个Z型环Ⅰ(20)、Z型环Ⅱ(17)的下边,Z型环Ⅰ(20)、Z型环Ⅱ(17)的上边搭接在内层玻璃(7)、外层玻璃(1)边缘的表面,其周围涂敷密封胶Ⅰ(14)、密封胶Ⅱ(16);
上述结构中,螺栓(12)上套装有衬套(22)用于隔离与多层结构材料的接触;
上述结构中,中间层Ⅱ(5)的厚度小于等于中间层Ⅰ(4)、中间层Ⅲ(6)的厚度,且中间层Ⅰ(4)、中间层Ⅲ(6)的厚度之差不超过2.0mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:外层玻璃(1)与内层玻璃(7)为物理钢化玻璃或化学钢化玻璃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:所述物理钢化玻璃的表面应力为70-90MPa,化学钢化玻璃的应力层深度为50-300μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:外层玻璃(1)与内层玻璃(7)的厚度之差不超过2mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:承力层Ⅰ(2)、承力层Ⅱ(3)为聚碳酸酯板,厚度为8~15mm,所述聚碳酸酯板采用注射成型方法制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:电加热薄膜Ⅰ(8)的方块电阻小于电加温薄膜Ⅱ(21)的方块电阻。
7.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:Z型环Ⅰ(20)、Z型环Ⅱ(17)选用铝合金或玻璃纤维复合材料,且两个Z型框的厚度之差不超过2.0mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:中间层Ⅰ(4)、中间层Ⅱ(5)、中间层Ⅲ(6)的材料为聚氨酯胶片或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛胶片。
9.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:所述衬套(22)具有0°~15°锥角,材料为金属或有机材料,孔内径5~10mm,外径6~15mm。
10.根据权利要求1所述的轻质高抗鸟撞风挡,其特征在于:所述胶黏剂为聚氨酯类胶黏剂或聚硫类胶黏剂,所述述密封胶选用聚硫类或有机硅类胶黏剂。
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