CN111917405A - 力敏电容传感器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种力敏电容传感器,该力敏电容传感器通过测量由于力的施加而引起的电容的变化来进行响应,该力敏电容传感器包括:第一电容板,该第一电容板具有导电触摸单元;第二电容板,该第二电容板与第一电容板间隔开,并且具有与触摸单元大体上平行且交叠的导电区域;不可压缩的间隔件,该不可压缩的间隔件位于电容板之间并且具有孔,该孔限定与触摸单元相邻的空气间隙;以及柔性介电触摸板,该柔性介电触摸板位于第一电容板和第二电容板中的柔性的一个电容板上面。触摸板和相邻电容板的柔性允许在触摸板上的触摸单元处的手指压力改变触摸单元与第二电容板的导电区域之间的空气间隙的尺寸和电容。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年5月8日提交的申请No.16/406,790的优先权,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及机电开关装置,并且更具体地涉及通过测量由向开关施加力或压力而引起的电容变化来进行响应的力敏开关。
背景技术
触敏传感器或开关用于各种汽车、器具和计算装置中,以允许人与这些装置进行交互。常用的触敏传感器包括电阻式触摸传感器和电容式触摸传感器。
常规的电容式触摸传感器通常包括由接地导体围绕或形成框架的导电触敏按钮,在触敏按钮与接地框架之间限定有绝缘空气间隙。按钮与框架之间的绝缘间隙形成电容器。当人的手指接触按钮或非常接近按钮时,手指将空气排出并用作并联电容器,从而可能无意中记录为触摸。大多数常规的电容感应开关记录用户的意外触摸并且需要复杂的忽略及减少敏感的算法。戴手套的手指使算法更加复杂,从而使汽车应用特别困难。
发明内容
本公开的电容传感器包括:第一电容板,该第一电容板上印刷有(或以其他方式设置有)至少一个导电触摸单元;第二柔性电容板,该第二柔性电容板与第一电容板间隔开,并且具有与触摸单元大体上平行且交叠的区域;间隔件,该间隔件定位在电容板之间并且具有孔,该孔位于触摸单元上面以限定电容空气间隙;以及柔性触摸板,该柔性触摸板位于第二电容板上面。电容板、电容板之间的间隔件以及上面的触摸板以叠置或分层的布置粘合、层压或以其他方式保持在一起。由该分层的布置限定的一个或更多个传感器可以安装在具有电路装置的电路板上,该电路装置能够在触摸板的位于触摸单元上面的区域(即,触控板(touch pad))被触摸时记录空气间隙的厚度的变化。
附图说明
图1是示出了根据本公开的电容传感器装置的部件的分解立体图或组装图。
图2是根据本公开的采用增强型触觉器件的电容传感器装置的立体图。
具体实施方式
第一电容板可以包括柔性且透明的聚合物膜基底(例如Q65-FA,其是具有优异的热稳定性、耐化学性和透明性的双轴取向的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯膜),在该聚合物膜基底上诸如利用导电油墨(例如,聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)(PEDOT:PSS))印刷有导电触摸单元14。如(图1)所示,可以在第一电容板上印刷多个触摸单元,每个触摸单元对应于不同的开关或功能(例如,开/关、音量增大/减小等)。从触摸单元到下面的电路板18设置有引线16,在该电路板上支撑有力敏电容传感器10。可替代地,第一电容板不需要是柔性的或透明的,但是第一电容板和第二电容板中的至少一者——无论哪个电容板位于触摸板20的下面——是柔性的,以允许当力施加在触摸单元的区域中时电容板之间的间隙的尺寸发生改变。透明的电容板是期望的,以利于背光,诸如用于汽车和其他潜在的弱光环境。
如先前关于第一电容板所描述的,第二电容板22也可以包括柔性且透明的膜基底,在该膜基底上应用导电油墨。在面向第一电容板的印刷有触摸单元的一侧的第二电容板的一侧上可以印刷有与触摸单元镜像的反电极。然而,印刷提供基本连续的接地平面的导电图案通常是更经济和实用的。这还具有将由导电板之间的空气间隙限定的电容器屏蔽而免于附近电场影响的优点,使得例如传感器不会通过手指或电子装置邻近于触摸单元的无意放置而意外地致动。当使用基本连续的接地平面时,固定板可以被刚性地支撑,或者优选地紧邻于触摸板并位于触摸板的下面。
在电容板之间布置有间隔件24,该间隔件具有孔26,该孔与每个触摸单元相对应并且位于每个触摸单元上面,以在电容板之间限定空气间隙。间隔件24是相对不可压缩的,使得当用户向触摸板的位于选定的触摸单元上面的区域施加手指压力时,该力不会充分地压缩间隔件以导致与不同的触摸单元相关联的相邻电容传感器被无意地致动。间隔件的厚度没有特别限制,其可行的范围为约30μm至约1000μm,优选地为约200μm至1000μm。间隔件24可以由金属(例如,钢或铝)或塑料(例如,ABS、玻璃纤维填充的ABS、聚酰亚胺、玻璃纤维填充的聚酰亚胺等)制成。
第一电容板固定地支撑在框架28上,该框架限定了压板30(平坦的支撑板)和支柱32,该支柱用于将电容板和间隔件(位于电容板之间)支撑为处于与下面的电路板固定地间隔开的关系。框架28可以由适当的刚性材料、优选地为聚合物材料(例如,ABS、聚酰亚胺、聚碳酸酯、尼龙、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯)构成。支柱可以是中空的筒形件(或其他中空形状)(挡板),这些中空的筒形件将从安装在电路板上的每个发光二极管(LED)34发出的光向上引导通过第一电容板的印刷有相关联的触摸单元的区域,使得只有触摸板上的与对应的触摸单元相关联的区域(触控板)36被照亮(即,触摸板上的所有触控板都被相关联的LED照亮,且触控板之间的区域是黑暗的(由于框架的不透明而被阻挡发出光))。
电路板可以例如由玻璃增强的环氧层压件(例如FR-4)构成,设置有适当的电路,以用于检测何时通过将力施加至介电特性与空气非常不同的相关联的触控板,使电容板之间的空气间隙的尺寸减小,而改变测得的电容。由手指引起的电容的变化可以被检测并用于各种应用中,诸如改变器具上的设置、接通及关断电源、或将数据输入到交互式显示器中。
位于第二电容板上面的是柔性介电触摸板20。触摸板20优选地是透明的以利于背光,并且包括与相关联的下面的触摸传感器的功能相对应地印刷(或以其他方式标记在其上)的标记38。触摸板的厚度和材料没有特别限制,且可以被选择成为提供适当的柔性,同时还具有足够的耐用性以在正常使用寿命期间保护下面的电容传感器。例如,可以使用厚度为约250μm至1000μm的清透的聚碳酸酯材料。
在某些实施方式中,本文中公开的电容传感器需要由用户有意地致动而不使用偏转基底。触摸表面不需要悬浮层(例如,橡胶或泡沫片、或具有弹簧特性的其他系统)。仅触控板表面的微小变形就足以实现响应。
在某些实施方式中,电容板和触摸板是在光学上清透的导电膜或微网膜以利于背光。
在某些实施方式中,第二导电板是基本不间断的导电接地板,该导电接地板屏蔽下面的电容传感器而免于电场干扰,使得命令通过手指、戴手套的手指或触摸了触摸板上的触控板的任何其他物体来记录,但唯独不会被接近的物体意外地记录。相反,命令请求通过将上部(第二)可偏转电容板与下部(第一)固定电容板分开的空气间隙的轻微变形来记录。电容板之间的正常电容在致动期间瞬间增大,导致可检测的状态变化。
本文中所描述的布置表现出自然的或固有的触觉特性(即,触摸板和上部(第二)电容板的挠曲和回弹可以被用户感知)。然而,触觉可以被增强。例如,包括电容板、电容板之间的间隔件、上面的触摸板和支撑压板的电容感测装置10(图2)可以通过增强触觉特性的柔性活动铰链40来支撑。
以上描述旨在说明性的而非限制性的。本发明的范围应当参考所附权利要求以及等同物的全部范围来确定。可以设想并预期的是,在本领域中将会出现未来的进展,并且所公开的装置、套件和方法将被并入这些未来的实施方式中。因此,本发明能够进行修改和变化,并且仅由所附权利要求限制。
Claims (15)
1.一种力敏电容传感器,包括:
第一电容板,所述第一电容板具有至少一个导电触摸单元;
第二电容板,所述第二电容板与所述第一电容板间隔开,并且具有与所述导电触摸单元大体上平行且至少部分交叠的导电区域,其中,所述第一电容板和所述第二电容板中的至少一者是柔性的;
不可压缩的间隔件,所述不可压缩的间隔件定位在所述第一电容板与所述第二电容板之间,并且具有孔,所述孔限定所述触摸单元与所述第二电容板的所述导电区域之间的空气间隙;
电气的电路装置,所述电路装置连接至所述触摸单元和所述第二电容板的所述导电区域,并且所述电路装置配置为测量所述触摸单元与所述第二电容板的所述导电区域之间的电容的变化;以及
柔性介电触摸板,所述柔性介电触摸板位于柔性的所述电容板上面,使得所述触摸板在位于所述触摸单元上面的区域中的手指压力改变所述触摸单元与所述第二电容板的所述导电区域之间的所述空气间隙的尺寸,从而改变所述触摸单元与所述第二电容板的所述导电区域之间的电容。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述第一电容板、所述第二电容板和所述触摸板是透明的,以利于所述触摸板的位于所述触摸单元上面的区域中的背光。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,所述传感器还包括支撑在电路板上的刚性框架,所述框架包括压板,所述第一电容板、所述第二电容板、所述间隔件和所述触摸板布置在所述压板上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的传感器,其中,所述框架还包括多个柱,所述多个柱用于将所述压板支撑为处于与所述电路板隔开的关系。
5.根据权利要求4所述的传感器,其中,在所述电路板上、于所述压板中的开口下方安装有发光二极管,所述压板中的所述开口位于所述触摸单元下面,从发光二极管发出的光由此照亮所述触摸板的位于所述触摸单元上面的区域。
6.根据权利要求5所述的传感器,其中,反射光挡板从所述发光二极管延伸至所述压板中的所述开口,以将从所述发光二极管发出的光引导向所述触摸单元。
7.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,在所述触摸板的大体上位于所述触摸单元上面的区域上设置有印刷标记。
8.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述第一电容板和所述第二电容板由柔性且透明的聚合物膜构成,在所述柔性且透明的聚合物膜上应用导电油墨以限定所述电容式触摸单元。
9.根据权利要求8所述的传感器,其中,所述导电油墨是聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)。
10.根据权利要求8所述的传感器,其中,所述聚合物膜是双轴取向的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯。
11.根据权利要求8所述的传感器,其中,所述聚合物膜是双轴取向的聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,并且其中,所述导电油墨是聚(乙烯二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸盐)。
12.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述间隔件的厚度为从30μm至1000μm。
13.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述柔性介电触摸板是清透的塑料材料。
14.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中,所述第二导电板是基本不间断的接地板,所述基本不间断的接地板屏蔽下面的所述电容传感器而免于电场干扰。
15.根据权利要求5所述的传感器,其中,所述传感器和所述压板通过增强触觉特性的活动铰链支撑在所述框架上。
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