CN111914418B - Method for measuring abrasion loss of large spherical bearing based on porous indentation method - Google Patents
Method for measuring abrasion loss of large spherical bearing based on porous indentation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the abrasion loss of a large spherical bearing based on a porous indentation method, which comprises the following steps: step one, collecting the surface abrasion loss condition of a spherical bearing, and determining a region with more serious spherical abrasion; step two, determining the optimal shape of the notch; step three, calculating the data relationship between the number of scores and the abrasion volume according to a grid method; step four, deducing functions of the number of scores and the abrasion volume according to a calculation formula of the abrasion volume; fifthly, determining the number of the scores according to the radius size and the precision requirement of the ball bearing, and determining a score distribution mode according to the number of the scores; step six, the calculated number of scores is carved on the surface of the spherical bearing in a distributed mode; and step seven, calculating the abrasion depth according to the corresponding size of each notch before and after the test, substituting the abrasion depth into the calculation formula in the step three, and calculating the abrasion volume. The method can replace the large spherical bearing with wear failure in time, and improves the working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of detection of abrasion loss of a large spherical bearing, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the abrasion loss of the large spherical bearing based on a porous indentation method.
Background
The amount of wear is generally considered an important parameter in wear performance studies. The method has important significance for evaluating the wear resistance of materials, the running condition and the service life of friction pairs and diagnosing mechanical faults.
Parameters representing wear quantification are mass, volume, etc., which can be accurately measured in a laboratory by a noncontact measurement method and a contact measurement method.
Peter Andersson,Hemming.Determination of wear volumes by chromatic confocal measurements during twin-disc tests with cast iron and steel[J]Wear,2015,338-339. Studies have shown that profile measurements can be performed with sufficient accuracy under the presented color burst microscope (CCM) measurement setup thatThe difference between the results obtained with the stylus probe and CCM results is less than + 6%.
Colbert R S, krick B A Dunn A C, et al Uncertainty in Pin-on-Disk Wear Volume Measurements Using Surface Scanning Techniques [ J ]. Tribology Letters,2011,42 (1): 129-131. The number of wear volume scans and the geometry of the experimental system were taken as improved uncertainty measures. The method was verified using a non-uniform wear track and the minimum and optimum number of scans were found.
Ambadekar, p. & Choudhari, c. (2020) Measurement of Tungsten Carbide Tool Wear by Tribological investments. Journal of Bio-and Tribo-corrosion.6.10.1007/s40735-020-00337-y. This document proposes to use the most advanced disc pin devices to measure the wear, coefficient of friction (COF) and friction of the cutting tool, which is believed to be effective for measuring tungsten carbide tools before actual machining. However, some spherical contact bearings, such as mitered gate bottom pivots, have a radius of 0.5 meters, and their contact friction is mounted to the bottom of the chamber and mitered gate bottom, respectively, by cementing, thus making it difficult to disassemble the chamber bottom and gate bottom. It is necessary to perform measurements of its wear site to determine the working conditions of the bottom friction pair.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for measuring the abrasion loss of a large spherical bearing based on a porous indentation method, which can replace the abrasion-failure large spherical bearing in time and improve the working efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for measuring the abrasion loss of the large spherical bearing based on the porous indentation method comprises the following steps:
step one, collecting the surface abrasion loss condition of a spherical bearing, and determining a region with more serious spherical abrasion;
step two, determining the optimal shape of the notch;
step three, calculating according to a grid method to obtain a data relationship between the number of scores and the abrasion volume under the condition of any radius;
step four, deducing functions of the number of scores and the abrasion volume according to a calculation formula of the abrasion volume;
fifthly, determining the number of the scores according to the radius size and the precision requirement of the ball bearing, and determining a score distribution mode according to the number of the scores;
step six, the calculated number of scores is carved on the surface of the spherical bearing in a distributed mode;
and step seven, calculating the abrasion depth according to the corresponding size of each notch before and after the test, substituting the abrasion depth into the calculation formula in the step three, and calculating the abrasion volume.
In a preferred embodiment, in the second step, the shape of the score is selected to be a conical shape.
In a preferred embodiment, in the third step, assuming that the number of scores is N, then, formula (1) is the wear volume:
in the formula (1)
When N-1=m 2 n 2 When and satisfy m 2 ,n 2 Are even in number, and formula (2) is the wear volume:
in the formula (2)
When if m 2 Is odd, n 2 When even, formula (3) is the wear volume:
in (3)
When N-2=m 3 n 3 When formula (4) is the wear volume:
in (4)
When N-3=m 4 n 4 When and m 4 When even, formula (5) is the wear volume:
in (5)
When N-3=m 4 n 4 When and m 4 When odd, formula (6) is the wear volume:
in (6)
Wherein: v represents the wear volume;
h represents the sameUnder the value, the straight line distance between two adjacent points;
m i (i=1, 2, 3.) represents that the two are identicalThe number of nicks under the value;
n i (i=1, 2,3,) represents the number of scores at the same θ value;
δ i represented as the wear depth of the ith hole;
θ 1 representing the minimum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the z axis;
θ 2 representing the maximum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the z axis;
representing the minimum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the y axis;
representing the maximum value of the angle between the measuring area and the positive y-axis direction.
In a preferred scheme, in the fourth step, the relation between the number of scores and the abrasion volume is calculated according to the formulas (1) - (6), and the relation between the number of scores and the volume is fitted through the points, wherein the relation is as follows:
f(x)＝(-0.6817e -0.2566x +0.4027)δR 2
wherein: x represents the number of scores;
r represents a spherical radius;
delta represents the amount of wear of an individual score.
In a preferred embodiment, in the fifth step, the number of scores is determined according to the following formula,
wherein: n represents the number of scores;
r represents a spherical radius;
omega is the precision requirement.
In a preferred scheme, according to the number N of the scores and the relation between m and N and N, the number of m and N is calculated, and the distribution of the scores is determined.
In a preferred embodiment, in the seventh step, before and after the abrasion test, the chord lengths of the scores are measured, the data of the profile of the spherical bearing surface is measured, and the abrasion depth of each score is calculated according to the following calculation formula:
wherein: l (L) 1 For the maximum chord length of the cone measured before the abrasion test, units: mm, L 2 The maximum chord length of the cone is measured after the abrasion test in units: mm, alpha is the central angle of the nick-shaped cone, R is the radius of the spherical bearing, and the unit is: mm.
The invention provides a method for measuring the abrasion loss of a large spherical bearing based on a porous indentation method. The method can be used for measuring a small amount of data on the large spherical bearing on a measuring site to obtain the abrasion loss of the abrasion loss region through calculation, greatly improves the efficiency and the accuracy of abrasion loss measurement, and can promote the study of life prediction of the large spherical bearing.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples of implementation:
FIG. 1 is a representation of the location of a worn area and any score points;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a grid method of wear depth and wear amount;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the shape of a score;
FIG. 4 is a graph of fit relationship between score number and wear volume;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the profile of scores in the case of a simulation test;
Detailed Description
A method for measuring the abrasion loss of a large spherical bearing based on a porous indentation method comprises the following steps:
and step one, collecting the surface abrasion loss condition of the spherical bearing, and determining the region with more serious spherical abrasion.
And step two, determining the optimal notch shape, wherein the abrasion of the spherical bearing is uneven, and the abrasion depth in each direction is different. Only the chord length before and after abrasion in a certain direction can be measured in the moon tooth mark; the triangular pyramid shape can only measure the chord lengths before and after wear in two directions. During the test, no wear in the measuring direction may occur and wear may occur in the non-measuring direction. And errors are brought to the measurement. Therefore, the conical nicks are selected, as shown in fig. 3, the measurement can be carried out in each direction, and the chord lengths in a plurality of directions are measured each time and finally averaged, so that the error caused by the measurement can be effectively reduced.
And thirdly, calculating according to a grid method to obtain the data relationship between the number of scores and the abrasion volume under the condition of any radius.
Theoretical derivation of the depth of wear to wear volume: as shown in FIG. 2, the nicks divide the wearing area into N polygons, the depth of each vertex corresponding to the N polygons is H 1 ，H 2 ，……，H n The bottom area enclosed by the N edge is S n The abrasion volume corresponding to the N-sided polygon is calculated by using a grid method and is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, assuming that the number of scores is N, when n=m 1 n 1 When formula (1) is the wear volume:
in the formula (1)
When N-1=m 2 n 2 When and satisfy m 2 ,n 2 Are even in number, and formula (2) is the wear volume:
in the formula (2)
When if m 2 Is odd, n 2 When even, formula (3) is the wear volume:
in (3)
/>
When N-2=m 3 n 3 When formula (4) is the wear volume:
in (4)
/>
When N-3=m 4 n 4 When and m 4 When even, formula (5) is the wear volume:
in (5)
/>
When N-3=m 4 n 4 When and m 4 When odd, formula (6) is the wear volume:
in (6)
/>
Wherein: v represents the wear volume;
h represents the sameUnder the value, the straight line distance between two adjacent points;
m i (i=1, 2, 3.) represents that the two are identicalThe number of nicks under the value;
n i (i=1, 2,3,) represents the number of scores at the same θ value;
δ i represented as the wear depth of the ith hole;
θ 1 representing the minimum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the z axis;
θ 2 representing the maximum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the z axis;
representing the minimum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the y axis; />
Representing the maximum value of the angle between the measuring area and the positive y-axis direction.
And step four, deducing a function of the number of scores and the abrasion volume according to a calculation formula of the abrasion volume.
Calculating the relation between a plurality of scores and the abrasion volume according to the formulas (1) - (6), and fitting through the points, wherein the relation between the scores and the volume is as follows:
f(x)＝(-0.6817e -0.2566x +0.4027)δR 2
wherein: x represents the number of scores;
r represents a spherical radius;
delta represents the amount of wear of an individual score.
And fifthly, determining the number of the scores according to the radius of the ball bearing and the precision requirement, and determining the score distribution mode according to the number of the scores.
The number of scores was determined according to the following,
wherein: n represents the number of scores;
r represents a spherical radius;
omega is the precision requirement.
And calculating the number of m and N according to the relation between m and N and N according to the number N of the scores, and determining the distribution of the scores.
Step six, the calculated number of scores is carved on the surface of the spherical bearing in a distributed mode;
and step seven, calculating the abrasion depth according to the corresponding size of each notch before and after the test, substituting the abrasion depth into the calculation formula in the step three, and calculating the abrasion volume.
Before and after the abrasion test, measuring the chord length of the notch, measuring the data of the profile of the spherical bearing surface, and calculating the abrasion depth of each notch, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: l (L) 1 For the maximum chord length of the cone measured before the abrasion test, units: mm, L 2 The maximum chord length of the cone is measured after the abrasion test in units: mm, alpha is the central angle of the nick-shaped cone, R is the radius of the spherical bearing, and the unit is: mm.
In the present embodiment, the relationship between the first twenty-five scores and the abrasion loss is calculated according to the formulas (1) to (6), and the relationship between the score number and the volume is calculated by fitting the twenty-five points to be f (x) = (-0.6817 e) -0.2566x +0.4027)δR 2 The radius R=30mm of the spherical bearing, the precision requirement is 0.01, N is calculated by substituting the formula (7), n=25 is obtained according to n=m 1 ×n 1 Obtaining m 1 ＝n 1 =5, and the specific profile is shown in fig. 5.
Before the wear test, the chord lengths of 25 scores were measured separately, and the data of the spherical bearing surface profile were measured. After wear test, the chord lengths of 25 scores were measured and mushroom head surface profile data was measured, respectively. The abrasion depth of each notch can be calculated from equation (8). As shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 chord length before and after notch test and depth of wear
The abrasion depths of twenty-five scores obtained in table 1 were substituted into equations (1) to (6), respectively, to obtain a total abrasion loss of the sheet. The abrasion volume was 3.4326mm calculated using the data measured by surface profilometry 3 . The error of the square grid method calculation result and the surface contour method is 2.28%.
Claims (3)
1. The method for measuring the abrasion loss of the large spherical bearing based on the porous indentation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, collecting the surface abrasion loss condition of a spherical bearing, and determining a region with more serious spherical abrasion;
step two, determining the optimal shape of the notch;
step three, calculating according to a grid method to obtain a data relationship between the number of scores and the abrasion volume under the condition of any radius; in the third step, assuming that the number of scores is N, when n=m 1 n 1 When formula (1) is the wear volume:
in the formula (1)
When N-1=m 2 n 2 When and satisfy m 2 ,n 2 Are even in number, and formula (2) is the wear volume:
in the formula (2)
When if m 2 Is odd, n 2 When even, formula (3) is the wear volume:
in (3)
When N-2=m 3 n 3 When formula (4) is the wear volume:
in (4)
When N-3=m 4 n 4 When and m 4 Is even in numberWhen formula (5) is the wear volume:
in (5)
When N-3=m 4 n 4 When and m 4 When odd, formula (6) is the wear volume:
in (6)
Wherein: v represents the wear volume;
h represents the sameUnder the value, the straight of two adjacent pointsA line distance;
m i (i=1, 2, 3.) represents that the two are identicalThe number of nicks under the value; n is n i (i=1, 2,3,) represents the number of scores at the same θ value; delta i Represented as the wear depth of the ith hole;
θ 1 representing the minimum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the z axis; θ 2 Representing the maximum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the z axis;representing the minimum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the y axis; />Representing the maximum value of the included angle between the measuring area and the positive direction of the y axis;
step four, deducing functions of the number of scores and the abrasion volume according to a calculation formula of the abrasion volume; calculating the relation between a plurality of nicks and the abrasion volume according to the formulas (1) - (6), and fitting the relation between the nicks and the abrasion volume through the points is as follows:
f(x)＝(-0.6817e -0.2566x +0.4027)δR 2
wherein: x represents the number of scores;
r represents a spherical radius;
delta represents the wear of a single score;
fifthly, determining the number of the scores according to the radius size and the precision requirement of the ball bearing, and determining a score distribution mode according to the number of the scores; the number of scores was determined according to the following,
wherein: n represents the number of scores;
r represents a spherical radius;
omega is the precision requirement;
step six, the calculated number of scores is carved on the surface of the spherical bearing in a distributed mode;
step seven, calculating according to the corresponding size of each notch before and after the test to obtain the abrasion depth, substituting the abrasion depth into the calculation formula in the step three to obtain the abrasion volume;
before and after the abrasion test, measuring the chord length of the notch, measuring the data of the profile of the spherical bearing surface, and calculating the abrasion depth of each notch, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: l (L) 1 For the maximum chord length of the cone measured before the abrasion test, units: mm, L 2 The maximum chord length of the cone is measured after the abrasion test in units: mm, alpha is the central angle of the nick-shaped cone, R is the radius of the spherical bearing, and the unit is: mm.
2. The method for measuring the wear of the large spherical bearing based on the porous scoring method according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the scoring shape is selected to be a conical shape.
3. The method for measuring the abrasion loss of the large spherical bearing based on the porous indentation method according to claim 1, wherein the number of m and N is calculated according to the relation between m and N and N according to the number of the indentations N, and the distribution of the indentations is determined.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0427270D0 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2005-01-12 | Minebea Co Ltd | A spherical bearing arrangement |
| WO2006034808A2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-04-06 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Method and device for predicting surface abrasion |
| CN108318363A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-24 | 三峡大学 | Detection device and its detection method for the abrasion of bottom pivot mushroom head |
| CN109916254A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-21 | 三峡大学 | The abrasion amount measuring device and measurement method of a kind of gate bottom pivot watt |
| CN110633507A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-31 | 上海市轴承技术研究所 | Method and system for calculating relationship between axial clearance of self-lubricating joint bearing and abrasion loss of liner |
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- 2020-07-31 CN CN202010760671.3A patent/CN111914418B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006034808A2 (en) * | 2004-09-28 | 2006-04-06 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Method and device for predicting surface abrasion |
| GB0427270D0 (en) * | 2004-12-13 | 2005-01-12 | Minebea Co Ltd | A spherical bearing arrangement |
| CN108318363A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-24 | 三峡大学 | Detection device and its detection method for the abrasion of bottom pivot mushroom head |
| CN109916254A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-06-21 | 三峡大学 | The abrasion amount measuring device and measurement method of a kind of gate bottom pivot watt |
| CN110633507A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-12-31 | 上海市轴承技术研究所 | Method and system for calculating relationship between axial clearance of self-lubricating joint bearing and abrasion loss of liner |
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