CN111910083A - Blast furnace recycling smelting equipment and method for lead-containing material - Google Patents
Blast furnace recycling smelting equipment and method for lead-containing material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111910083A CN111910083A CN202010959069.2A CN202010959069A CN111910083A CN 111910083 A CN111910083 A CN 111910083A CN 202010959069 A CN202010959069 A CN 202010959069A CN 111910083 A CN111910083 A CN 111910083A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
- C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
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Abstract
A blast furnace recovery smelting device and a method for lead-containing materials belong to the technical field of environmental protection, and the device comprises a blast furnace, a powder storage tank, a mixer, a coal injection distributor, a lower annular flue, an upper annular flue, a furnace gas lead recovery system I, a furnace gas lead recovery system II, a blower I, a blower II and a nitrogen sweeper. The method utilizes the blast furnace smelting process to smelt and recover the lead-containing materials, and utilizes the lead vapor pressure difference generated by the temperature difference of the flue gas in the blast furnace to introduce part of the lead-containing furnace gas into a lead recovery system for repeated recovery. The invention can recover and treat the waste battery while smelting steel, thereby achieving two purposes. And lead pollution to coal gas and slag is avoided, the lead content of molten iron is not increased, and the energy consumption is low. The method has no secondary pollution risk, and lead emission is almost zero; the existing iron-making blast furnace is utilized for transformation, so that the investment is low and the operation cost is low; no waste is produced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to blast furnace recycling smelting equipment and a method for a lead-containing material.
Background
In recent years, due to the rapid development of automobiles and electric vehicles, the amount of waste storage batteries is increased sharply, the waste batteries mainly contain lead metal and lead sulfate waste liquid except a part of plastic shells, and because lead is heavy metal, the battery waste belongs to dangerous waste. The existing lead-containing hazardous waste treatment technology has the problem of flue gas treatment, because the low-temperature steam pressure of lead is very high, heavy metals in the flue gas hardly reach the standard, particularly, the treatment of lead sulfate waste liquid is almost a lead smelting process, the process pollution is difficult to control, and the energy consumption is high. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of environmental protection, the development of an environment-friendly lead-containing material smelting technology is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides blast furnace recovery smelting equipment and a method thereof for lead-containing materials, wherein the lead-containing materials are smelted and recovered by using a blast furnace smelting process, part of lead-containing furnace gas is introduced into a lead recovery system for repeated recovery by using the pressure difference of lead steam generated by the temperature difference of flue gas in a blast furnace, then the furnace gas after lead recovery is sent back into the furnace, the uncaptured lead steam is captured by low-temperature furnace burden in the ascending process along with the furnace gas after entering the furnace, and then is gasified and recovered again along with the descending of the furnace burden, lead cannot escape out of the furnace, the furnace gas is blast furnace gas, all the furnace gas is recovered after being discharged out of the blast furnace, and the recovered blast furnace gas does not contain lead components, so that lead pollution does not occur during gas combustion. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a blast furnace recycling smelting device for lead-containing materials comprises a blast furnace 1, a powder storage tank 2, a mixer 3, a coal injection distributor 4, a lower annular flue 5, an upper annular flue 6, a furnace gas lead recycling system I12, a furnace gas lead recycling system II 13, a blower I14, a blower II 15 and a nitrogen sweeper 16;
a feed inlet 7 is formed in the top end of the blast furnace 1, and a lead discharging port 8 is formed in the furnace wall of the bottom end of the blast furnace; a melting section of the blast furnace 1 is provided with a furnace wall blowing feeding hole 9, a transition section is provided with a furnace wall air guiding hole 10 at the furnace temperature of 800-650 ℃, and a transition section is provided with a furnace wall air returning hole 11 at the furnace temperature of 600-350 ℃;
the powder storage tank 2 is provided with a gas conveying system; the coal injection distributor 4 is connected with a coal injection gun;
the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 consists of a lead collector 12.1 and a lead collecting groove 12.2 arranged at the bottom of the lead collector 12.1, wherein the upper part of the lead collector 12.1 is provided with a diffusion pipe, and the diffusion pipe is provided with a diffusion valve 12.3; the lead collecting tank 12.2 is provided with a lead discharging pipe, and the lead discharging pipe is provided with a discharge valve 12.4;
the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 consists of a lead collector 13.1 and a lead collecting groove 13.2 arranged at the bottom of the lead collector 13.1, wherein the upper part of the lead collector 13.1 is provided with a diffusion pipe, and the diffusion pipe is provided with a diffusion valve 13.3; the lead collecting tank 13.2 is provided with a lead discharging pipe, and the lead discharging pipe is provided with a discharge valve 13.4;
the feed inlet 7 of the blast furnace 1 is connected with an external waste storage battery polar plate treatment system 25 through a pipeline; a feed port at the top end of the powder storage tank 2 is connected with an external waste storage battery waste liquid dried substance crushing system 26 through a pipeline, and the waste storage battery waste liquid dried substance crushing system 26 is connected with a waste storage battery waste liquid treatment system 27;
a discharge port at the bottom end of the powder storage tank 2 is connected with an inlet of a mixer 3 through a pipeline, an outlet of the mixer 3 is directly connected with a coal injection distributor 4, the coal injection distributor 4 is connected with a coal injection gun through a branch pipe, and the coal injection gun is inserted into a furnace wall injection feed hole 9;
the furnace wall air introducing hole 10 is connected with a lower annular flue 5 through a branch pipe, and the lower annular flue 5 is connected with a flue gas inlet of a furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and a flue gas inlet of a furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 through a three-way pipeline branch; the smoke outlets of the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 are connected with an annular flue 6 in a combining way through a three-way pipeline, and the upper annular flue 6 is connected with a furnace wall air return hole 11 through a branch pipe;
the nitrogen sweeper 16 is respectively connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 through pipelines, and a valve 16.1 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen sweeper 16 and the furnace gas lead recovery system I12; a valve 16.2 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen sweeper 16 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13;
the air blower I14 is connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 through a pipeline, and the air blower II 15 is connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 through a pipeline;
a branch connecting pipeline of the lower annular flue 5 and the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 is provided with a first smoke inlet valve 17 and a second smoke inlet valve 18; a branch connecting pipeline of the annular flue 5 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 is provided with a first smoke inlet valve 19 and a second smoke inlet valve 20; a branch connecting pipeline of the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the upper annular flue 6 is provided with a first smoke outlet valve 21 and a second smoke outlet valve 22; a branch connecting pipeline of the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 and the upper annular flue 6 is provided with a first smoke outlet valve 23 and a second smoke outlet valve 24;
a valve is arranged on a connecting branch pipe of the lower annular flue 5 and the furnace wall air-introducing hole 10; a valve is arranged on a connecting branch pipe of the upper annular flue 6 and the furnace wall air return hole 11;
valves are arranged on the connecting and combining pipelines of the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 and the upper annular flue 6;
the number of the furnace wall blowing feeding holes 9 is N, and N is more than or equal to 2; the number of the coal injection guns is the same as that of the furnace wall injection feeding holes 9; the coal injection gun is a heat-resistant stainless steel pipe;
the number of the furnace wall air holes 10 is M, and M is more than or equal to 2; the inner side of the lower annular flue 5 is provided with holes with the same number as the furnace wall air-guiding holes 10;
the number of the furnace wall air return holes 11 is M, and M is more than or equal to 2; the inner side of the upper annular flue 6 is provided with holes with the same number as the furnace wall air return holes 11;
and motors of the blower I14 and the blower II 15 are variable frequency motors.
A blast furnace recovery smelting method of a lead-containing material adopts the blast furnace recovery smelting equipment of the lead-containing material, and the method comprises the following steps:
splitting the waste storage battery, pretreating a polar plate of a large lead plate in a waste storage battery polar plate treatment system 25, and cutting the large lead plate into small blocks convenient for feeding to obtain a pretreated polar plate material; waste liquid in the waste storage battery consists of lead sulfate, sulfuric acid and water, the waste liquid is pretreated in a waste storage battery waste liquid treatment system 27, the waste liquid is mixed with lime powder to prepare mixed solid of calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and lead sulfate, then the mixed solid is crushed in a waste storage battery waste liquid dried matter crushing system 26, and the crushing granularity is less than or equal to 80 meshes to obtain pretreated powder;
adding the pretreated plate material into a blast furnace 1 through a feeding system through a feeding hole 7; adding the pre-treatment powder into a powder storage tank 2 through a pipeline, conveying the pre-treatment powder into a mixer 3 through the pipeline by a gas conveying system of the powder storage tank 2 for mixing, then spraying the pre-treatment powder into a coal injection distributor 4 along with injected fuel, distributing the pre-treatment powder to a coal injection gun through the coal injection distributor 4, and finally spraying the pre-treatment powder into a blast furnace 1 through a furnace wall injection feeding hole 9;
normally smelting iron in a blast furnace 1, wherein smelting furnace materials comprise sintered ore, pellet ore, porous coke and smelting solvent, the temperature of molten iron at the bottom of the blast furnace is 1400-1500 ℃, the temperature of a coal injection tuyere area, namely the temperature of a furnace wall injection feeding hole 9 area is 1800-2300 ℃, the smoke discharge temperature at the furnace top is 150-250 ℃, and the reducing atmosphere is in the furnace;
(1) the metal lead in the pole plate material added through the feed inlet 7 starts to melt at 327 ℃, passes through the furnace burden, flows to the lower part of the furnace and sinks into the furnace bottom; meanwhile, a small amount of lead is vaporized and raised at high temperature in the downward flowing process, lead steam is adsorbed by a plurality of layers of porous coke and sinter in the raising process or is cooled and solidified on the surface of a furnace charge by a low-temperature furnace charge, then the lead steam descends along with the furnace charge, the temperature rises after descending, the lead is vaporized again, finally the lead is balanced in different temperature areas, lead-containing flue gas at a temperature area of 800-650 ℃ in the blast furnace 1 is led out through a furnace wall air-leading hole 10 and enters a lower annular flue 5;
(2) the lead sulfate sprayed into the mixed powder in the blast furnace 1 is rapidly decomposed into sulfur oxide and lead oxide at the temperature of over 1800 ℃, then the lead oxide is changed into gas and is reduced into metallic lead by carbon monoxide and carbon, the metallic lead is vaporized, and the lead vapor is condensed into liquid lead when meeting low-temperature furnace burden after rising, and then flows downwards and sinks into the furnace bottom; the sulfur oxide is reduced into hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide which are discharged out of the furnace along with furnace gas, and the hydrogen sulfide and the carbonyl sulfide are captured and removed by a coal gas desulfurization link or absorbed by molten iron, so that the molten iron is increased in sulfur; calcium sulfate in the mixed powder enters the slag; calcium hydroxide in the mixed powder is decomposed into water and calcium oxide, and the calcium oxide enters a bottom molten pool along with iron dropping from the soft melting zone and is captured by slag to become a slagging material;
and 4, recovering:
starting the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 or the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13, firstly connecting the nitrogen sweeper 16 with a high-pressure nitrogen source, opening a nitrogen valve 16.1 or a nitrogen valve 16.2, opening a diffusion valve 12.3 or a diffusion valve 13.3, injecting nitrogen into the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 or the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13, and replacing air with nitrogen; then, starting the blower I14 or the blower II 15; then opening a first smoke outlet valve 21 and a second smoke outlet valve 22 or opening a first smoke outlet valve 23 and a second smoke outlet valve 24, finally gradually opening a first smoke inlet valve 17 and a second smoke inlet valve 18, or gradually opening a first smoke inlet valve 19 and a second smoke inlet valve 20, and controlling the smoke output to be 20-30% by controlling the smoke inlet valves; leading out flue gas to enter a furnace gas lead recovery system I12 or a furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 through a pipeline, cooling and capturing lead, zinc, cadmium and light metal oxides and salts, and leading the cooled lead liquid, zinc, cadmium and light metal oxides and salts to flow into a lead collecting tank 12.2 or a lead collecting tank 13.2; the unliquefied flue gas in the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 or the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 enters the upper annular flue 6 through a pipeline and is led back to the blast furnace 1 through the furnace wall air return hole 11.
In the method, the pressure of the smoke led out from the furnace wall air-leading hole 10 and decompressed by the pipeline resistance and the resistance of the furnace gas lead recovery system is larger than the pressure of the smoke in the furnace at the furnace wall air-returning hole 11;
in the method, the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 adopt tubular or plate heat exchange for cooling;
in the method, the cooling media of the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 are air-cooled, and the air source is provided by an air blower I14 or an air blower II 15.
Compared with the prior art, the blast furnace recovery smelting equipment and the method for the lead-containing material have the beneficial effects that:
firstly, a small amount of lead is contained in normal iron-making furnace materials, and partial lead is deposited at the bottom of the furnace, so that the lead in the molten iron is basically in a saturated state.
The waste liquid in the storage battery is mainly lead sulfate, sulfuric acid and water, the waste liquid is mixed with lime powder, calcium oxide in the lime powder reacts with the sulfuric acid in the waste liquid to generate calcium sulfate, and the water in the waste liquid reacts with the calcium oxide to generate calcium hydroxide, so that the calcium hydroxide becomes a mixture of dry lead sulfate, calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide, and the mixture is crushed into powder, thereby facilitating feeding and maintaining a stable blast furnace smelting environment.
And thirdly, because of the addition of the lead sulfate and the calcium sulfate, partial sulfur is absorbed by the molten iron and enters the molten iron, so that the sulfur content of the molten iron produced by the method is higher, and the produced molten iron can be used for producing castings with low requirements on sulfur.
Fourthly, because the temperature of the top of the blast furnace is lower, the temperature generally can not exceed 250 ℃, and the vapor pressure of lead is almost zero at the temperature. The invention completes the lead recovery treatment of the lead-out flue gas in the blast furnace, so the vapor pressure of the lead in the upper part of the blast furnace is in an unsaturated state, and in addition, zinc and cadmium metals which are more active than the lead exist in the furnace, so lead oxide can not be generated. Lead can not be detected in the coal gas in actual operation, and the normal operation of the blast furnace is ensured.
And fifthly, because the lead sulfate sprayed into the furnace is decomposed into gaseous substances and does not have a chance to enter the slag, the lead does not cause the over-standard discharge of the blast furnace slag. In actual operation, the lead content of the slag is not increased, so that the slag is ensured to be harmless.
The mode of leading the flue gas out of the equipment is that a plurality of gas leading holes are formed around the wall of the blast furnace, the more holes are formed, the better the lead removing effect is, the smaller the influence on the operation of the blast furnace is, the specific number of the holes is determined according to the size and the cost of the equipment, and the design is flexible.
And seventhly, the invention adopts two sets of furnace gas lead recovery systems, realizes one use and one spare, prevents equipment from being invalid by alternative use, and is convenient for continuous production.
The equipment for recovering lead is attached to an iron-making process, is not special lead production equipment, and has no requirement on recovery rate, so that the temperature drop of coal gas can be reduced as much as possible under the condition of ensuring the air permeability of furnace charge, the heat loss is reduced, more furnace gas is required to be led out when the air permeability of a blast furnace is poor, the lead vapor pressure in the furnace is reduced at an accelerated speed, and less furnace gas can be led out when the air permeability of the blast furnace is normal. Flexible adjustment and operation cost saving.
The invention can recover and treat the waste battery while smelting steel, thereby achieving two purposes. And lead pollution to coal gas and slag is avoided, and the content of lead in molten iron is not increased, so that the method is a very good process in terms of metal yield and pollutant emission, and has low energy consumption. The method has no secondary pollution risk, and lead emission is almost zero; the existing iron-making blast furnace is utilized for transformation, so that the investment is low and the operation cost is low; no waste is produced.
The method can recover part of low-temperature gasifiable metals such as zinc, cadmium and the like while recovering lead, can remove part of light metal oxides and salts, and has great significance for improving the air permeability of the blast furnace, improving the reaction activity of materials, reducing the system resistance and improving the smelting strength.
Eleven, the invention can solve the problem that the air permeability of the material is influenced in the high lead ore smelting and the high lead waste smelting, so the equipment is also suitable for smelting other high lead materials and can be used as lead smelting equipment.
The invention can solve the problem that the furnace burden is blocked by the enriched paste of the light metal oxide in the blast furnace smelting, so the device and the method are suitable for iron-containing waste treatment of hydrometallurgy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a blast furnace recycling smelting apparatus for a lead-containing material according to embodiment 1 of the present invention: in the figure, 1-blast furnace, 2-powder storage tank, 3-mixer, 4-coal injection distributor, 5-lower annular flue, 6-upper annular flue, 7-top feed inlet, 8-lead discharge port, 9-furnace wall blowing feed inlet, 10-furnace wall air guide hole, 11-furnace wall air return hole, 12-furnace gas lead recovery system I, 12.1-lead collector, 12.2-lead collecting tank, 12.3-blow-off valve, 12.4-discharge valve, 13-furnace gas lead recovery system II, 13.1-lead collector, 13.2-lead collecting tank, 13.3-blow-off valve, 13.4-discharge valve, 14-blower I, 15-blower II, 16-nitrogen cleaner, 16.1-nitrogen valve, 16.2-nitrogen valve, 17-smoke inlet valve, 18-a smoke inlet two-way valve, 19-a smoke inlet one-way valve, 20-a smoke inlet two-way valve, 21-a smoke outlet one-way valve, 22-a smoke outlet two-way valve, 23-a smoke outlet one-way valve, 24-a smoke outlet two-way valve, 25-a waste storage battery polar plate treatment system, 26-a waste storage battery waste liquid drying and smashing system, 27-a waste storage battery waste liquid treatment system, and arrows indicate the logistics direction.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a lower annular flue of a blast furnace recycling and smelting apparatus for a lead-containing material according to embodiment 1 of the present invention: in the figure, 1-blast furnace, 5-lower annular flue and 10-furnace wall air-guiding hole;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an upper annular flue of a blast furnace recycling and smelting apparatus for lead-containing materials according to example 1 of the present invention: in the figure, 1-blast furnace, 6-upper ring flue, 11-furnace wall return air hole;
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and figures 1-3, but the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Example 1
A certain iron and steel enterprise performs storage battery recovery and transformation in a 230 cubic meter blast furnace.
As shown in the figure 1-3, the blast furnace recovery smelting equipment for the lead-containing material comprises a blast furnace 1, a powder storage tank 2, a mixer 3, a coal injection distributor 4, a lower annular flue 5, an upper annular flue 6, a furnace gas lead recovery system I12, a furnace gas lead recovery system II 13, a blower I14, a blower II 15 and a nitrogen sweeper 16;
a feed inlet 7 is formed in the top end of the blast furnace 1, and a lead discharging port 8 is formed in the furnace wall of the bottom end of the blast furnace; a melting section of the blast furnace 1 is provided with a furnace wall blowing feeding hole 9, a transition section 780 ℃ furnace temperature position is provided with 8 furnace wall air guiding holes 10, and a furnace wall air returning hole 11 is arranged 3.5 meters above the furnace wall air guiding holes 10 and at a furnace temperature of 500 ℃;
the powder storage tank 2 is provided with a gas conveying system; the coal injection distributor 4 is connected with a coal injection gun;
the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 consists of a lead collector 12.1 and a lead collecting groove 12.2 arranged at the bottom of the lead collector 12.1, wherein the upper part of the lead collector 12.1 is provided with a diffusion pipe, and the diffusion pipe is provided with a diffusion valve 12.3; the lead collecting tank 12.2 is provided with a lead discharging pipe, and the lead discharging pipe is provided with a discharge valve 12.4;
the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 consists of a lead collector 13.1 and a lead collecting groove 13.2 arranged at the bottom of the lead collector 13.1, wherein the upper part of the lead collector 13.1 is provided with a diffusion pipe, and the diffusion pipe is provided with a diffusion valve 13.3; the lead collecting tank 13.2 is provided with a lead discharging pipe, and the lead discharging pipe is provided with a discharge valve 13.4;
the feed inlet 7 of the blast furnace 1 is connected with an external waste storage battery polar plate treatment system 25 through a pipeline; a feed port at the top end of the powder storage tank 2 is connected with an external waste storage battery waste liquid dried substance crushing system 26 through a pipeline, and the waste storage battery waste liquid dried substance crushing system 26 is connected with a waste storage battery waste liquid treatment system 27;
a discharge port at the bottom end of the powder storage tank 2 is connected with an inlet of a mixer 3 through a pipeline, an outlet of the mixer 3 is directly connected with a coal injection distributor 4, the coal injection distributor 4 is connected with a coal injection gun through a branch pipe, and the coal injection gun is inserted into a furnace wall injection feed hole 9;
the furnace wall air introducing hole 10 is connected with a lower annular flue 5 through a branch pipe, and the lower annular flue 5 is connected with a flue gas inlet of a furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and a flue gas inlet of a furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 through a three-way pipeline branch; the smoke outlets of the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 are connected with an annular flue 6 in a combining way through a three-way pipeline, and the upper annular flue 6 is connected with a furnace wall air return hole 11 through a branch pipe;
the nitrogen sweeper 16 is respectively connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 through pipelines, and a valve 16.1 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen sweeper 16 and the furnace gas lead recovery system I12; a valve 16.2 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen sweeper 16 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13;
the air blower I14 is connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 through a pipeline, and the air blower II 15 is connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 through a pipeline;
a branch connecting pipeline of the lower annular flue 5 and the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 is provided with a first smoke inlet valve 17 and a second smoke inlet valve 18; a branch connecting pipeline of the annular flue 5 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 is provided with a first smoke inlet valve 19 and a second smoke inlet valve 20; a branch connecting pipeline of the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the upper annular flue 6 is provided with a first smoke outlet valve 21 and a second smoke outlet valve 22; a branch connecting pipeline of the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 and the upper annular flue 6 is provided with a first smoke outlet valve 23 and a second smoke outlet valve 24;
a valve is arranged on a connecting branch pipe of the lower annular flue 5 and the furnace wall air-introducing hole 10; a valve is arranged on a connecting branch pipe of the upper annular flue 6 and the furnace wall air return hole 11;
valves are arranged on the connecting and combining pipelines of the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 and the furnace gas lead recovery system II 13 and the upper annular flue 6;
the coal injection distributor 4 is provided with 8 branch pipes connected with 8 coal injection guns, and the 8 coal injection guns are respectively inserted into 8 furnace wall injection feeding holes 9;
and motors of the blower I14 and the blower II 15 are variable frequency motors.
A blast furnace recovery smelting method of a lead-containing material adopts the blast furnace recovery smelting device of the lead-containing material, and comprises the following steps:
splitting the waste storage battery, pretreating a polar plate of a large lead plate in a waste storage battery polar plate treatment system 25, and cutting the large lead plate into small blocks convenient for feeding to obtain a pretreated polar plate material; waste liquid in the waste storage battery consists of lead sulfate, sulfuric acid and water, the waste liquid is pretreated in a waste storage battery waste liquid treatment system 27, the waste liquid is mixed with lime powder to prepare mixed solid of calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and lead sulfate, then the mixed solid is crushed in a waste storage battery waste liquid dried matter crushing system 26, and the crushing granularity is less than or equal to 80 meshes to obtain pretreated powder;
adding the pretreated plate material into a blast furnace 1 through a feeding system through a feeding hole 7; adding the pre-treatment powder into a powder storage tank 2 through a pipeline, conveying the pre-treatment powder into a mixer 3 through the pipeline by a gas conveying system of the powder storage tank 2 for mixing, then spraying the pre-treatment powder into a coal injection distributor 4 along with injected fuel, distributing the pre-treatment powder to a coal injection gun through the coal injection distributor 4, and finally spraying the pre-treatment powder into a blast furnace 1 through a furnace wall injection feeding hole 9;
normally smelting iron in a blast furnace 1, wherein smelting furnace materials comprise sintered ore, pellet ore, porous coke and smelting solvent, the temperature of molten iron at the bottom of the blast furnace is 1400-1500 ℃, the temperature of a coal injection tuyere area, namely the temperature of a furnace wall injection feeding hole 9 area is 1800-2300 ℃, the smoke discharge temperature at the furnace top is 150-250 ℃, and the reducing atmosphere is in the furnace;
(1) the metal lead in the pole plate material added through the feed inlet 7 starts to melt at 327 ℃, passes through the furnace burden, flows to the lower part of the furnace and sinks into the furnace bottom; meanwhile, a small amount of lead is vaporized and raised at high temperature in the downward flowing process, lead steam is adsorbed by a plurality of layers of porous coke and sinter in the raising process or is cooled and solidified on the surface of a furnace charge by a low-temperature furnace charge, then the lead steam descends along with the furnace charge, the temperature rises after descending, the lead is vaporized again, finally the lead is balanced in different temperature areas, lead-containing flue gas at a temperature area of 800-650 ℃ in the blast furnace 1 is led out through a furnace wall air-leading hole 10 and enters a lower annular flue 5;
(2) the lead sulfate sprayed into the mixed powder in the blast furnace 1 is rapidly decomposed into sulfur oxide and lead oxide at the temperature of over 1800 ℃, then the lead oxide is changed into gas and is reduced into metallic lead by carbon monoxide and carbon, the metallic lead is vaporized, and the lead vapor is condensed into liquid lead when meeting low-temperature furnace burden after rising, and then flows downwards and sinks into the furnace bottom; the sulfur oxide is reduced into hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide which are discharged out of the furnace along with furnace gas, and the hydrogen sulfide and the carbonyl sulfide are captured and removed by a coal gas desulfurization link or absorbed by molten iron, so that the molten iron is increased in sulfur; calcium sulfate in the mixed powder enters the slag; calcium hydroxide in the mixed powder is decomposed into water and calcium oxide, and the calcium oxide enters a bottom molten pool along with iron dropping from the soft melting zone and is captured by slag to become a slagging material;
and 4, recovering:
the lead recovery is carried out by adopting a furnace gas lead recovery system I12, firstly, a nitrogen sweeper 16 is communicated with a high-pressure nitrogen source, a nitrogen valve 16.1 is opened, a relief valve 12.3 is opened, nitrogen is injected into the furnace gas lead recovery system I12, and air is replaced by the nitrogen; then, starting an air blower I14; then opening a first smoke outlet valve 21 and a second smoke outlet valve 22, finally gradually opening a first smoke inlet valve 17 and a second smoke inlet valve 18, and controlling the smoke output to be 20-30% by controlling the smoke inlet valve; the introduced flue gas enters a furnace gas lead recovery system I12 through a pipeline, the temperature is reduced and the lead, the zinc, the cadmium, the light metal oxides and the salts are captured, and the cooled lead liquid, the zinc, the cadmium, the light metal oxides and the salts flow into a lead collecting tank 12.2; the unliquefied flue gas in the furnace gas lead recovery system I12 enters the upper annular flue 6 through a pipeline and is led back to the blast furnace 1 through the furnace wall air return hole 11; the pressure of the smoke led out from the furnace wall air-leading hole 10 after being decompressed through the pipeline resistance and the furnace gas lead recovery system resistance is larger than the pressure of the smoke in the furnace at the furnace wall air-returning hole 11.
In the method, the lead collector 12.1 adopts plate type heat exchange.
In the method, the medium for cooling is air-cooled, and the air source is provided by an air blower I14.
The pretreated plate material of the embodiment is uniformly added along with the charging materials of the blast furnace, the coke ratio is adjusted according to the addition amount, and the coke ratio is adjusted by 45 kilograms according to the increase of lead per ton; the coke ratio of the charging material is increased by 150 kilograms of coke per ton of powder, fine adjustment is carried out according to furnace temperature change in the operation process, and the coke ratio is actually increased by 120 kilograms per ton of powder.
After the equipment operates for 4-5 hours, opening a discharge valve of the furnace gas lead recovery system I to discharge lead for the first time, and then periodically discharging lead according to the lead collection speed and the volume of a lead collection tank; the equipment operates for 8 hours to discharge lead from the bottom of the blast furnace for the first time, and then the lead is discharged once or twice every day, which is determined according to the amount of the lead-containing materials input in smelting.
When the furnace gas lead recovery system I operates for two months, the blockage of a lead discharge port occurs once, and the operation of the furnace gas lead recovery system I is stopped and maintained; meanwhile, the furnace gas lead recovery system II is started to recover, so that continuous production is not delayed.
According to the calculation of the input and output for two months, the total lead recovery rate of the lead recovered by the upper lead collector and the lead discharged from the lead discharge port at the bottom of the blast furnace is more than 99 percent. The crude lead collected by the lead removing equipment contains partial zinc and cadmium metals, and the three metals are separated during refining.
In the process of operating the equipment for four months, except the blockage of the lead discharging port of the lead equipment by the primary furnace gas, no problem occurs, the operation is normal, and the influence on the air permeability of the furnace burden caused by the treatment of lead waste materials is avoided. The lead removing system can discharge 5 tons of lead at most every day, the air permeability of the furnace charge is poor when the lead is not discharged, and the air permeability of the furnace charge is improved quickly after the lead is discharged. The blast furnace gas has no lead component and the slag has no lead concentration change;
the amount of the mixed powder is at most 55 tons per day during the operation of the blast furnace, and at most 100 tons of pole plate waste is added from the top of the blast furnace.
Claims (10)
1. A blast furnace recycling smelting device for lead-containing materials is characterized by comprising a blast furnace (1), a powder storage tank (2), a mixer (3), a coal injection distributor (4), a lower annular flue (5), an upper annular flue (6), a furnace gas lead recycling system I (12), a furnace gas lead recycling system II (13), a blower I (14), a blower II (15) and a nitrogen sweeper (16);
a feed inlet (7) is formed in the top end of the blast furnace (1), and a lead discharging port (8) is formed in the furnace wall at the bottom end; a melting section of the blast furnace (1) is provided with a furnace wall blowing feeding hole (9), a furnace wall air guiding hole (10) is arranged at the furnace temperature of 800-650 ℃ of the transition section, and a furnace wall air returning hole (11) is arranged at the furnace temperature of 600-350 ℃ of the transition section;
the powder storage tank (2) is provided with a gas conveying system; the coal injection distributor (4) is connected with a coal injection gun;
the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) consists of a lead collector (12.1) and a lead collecting groove (12.2) arranged at the bottom of the lead collector (12.1), wherein the upper part of the lead collector (12.1) is provided with a diffusing pipe, and the diffusing pipe is provided with a diffusing valve (12.3); the lead collecting groove (12.2) is provided with a lead discharging pipe, and the lead discharging pipe is provided with a discharging valve (12.4);
the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) consists of a lead collector (13.1) and a lead collecting groove (13.2) arranged at the bottom of the lead collector (13.1), wherein the upper part of the lead collector (13.1) is provided with a diffusing pipe, and the diffusing pipe is provided with a diffusing valve (13.3); the lead collecting groove (13.2) is provided with a lead discharging pipe, and the lead discharging pipe is provided with a discharging valve (13.4);
the feed inlet (7) of the blast furnace (1) is connected with an external waste storage battery plate treatment system (25) through a pipeline; a feed inlet at the top end of the powder storage tank (2) is connected with an external waste storage battery waste liquid dried substance crushing system (26) through a pipeline, and the waste storage battery waste liquid dried substance crushing system (26) is connected with a waste storage battery waste liquid treatment system (27);
a discharge port at the bottom end of the powder storage tank (2) is connected with an inlet of the mixer (3) through a pipeline, an outlet of the mixer (3) is directly connected with the coal injection distributor (4), the coal injection distributor (4) is connected with a coal injection gun through a branch pipe, and the coal injection gun is inserted into a furnace wall injection feed hole (9); the furnace wall air-introducing hole (10) is connected with a lower annular flue (5) through a branch pipe, and the lower annular flue (5) is connected with a flue gas inlet of a furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) and a flue gas inlet of a furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) through a three-way pipeline branch; the smoke outlets of the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) and the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) are connected with the annular flue (6) through a three-way pipeline in a combined mode, and the upper annular flue (6) is connected with the furnace wall air return hole (11) through a branch pipe;
the nitrogen sweeper (16) is respectively connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) and the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) through pipelines, and a valve (16.1) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen sweeper (16) and the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12); a valve (16.2) is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the nitrogen sweeper (16) and the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13);
the air blower I (14) is connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) through a pipeline, and the air blower II (15) is connected with the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) through a pipeline;
a branch connecting pipeline of the lower annular flue (5) and the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) is provided with a first smoke inlet valve (17) and a second smoke inlet valve (18); a branch connecting pipeline of the annular flue (5) and the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) is provided with a first smoke inlet valve (19) and a second smoke inlet valve (20); a branch connecting pipeline of the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) and the upper annular flue (6) is provided with a first smoke outlet valve (21) and a second smoke outlet valve (22); and a first smoke outlet valve (23) and a second smoke outlet valve (24) are arranged on a branch connecting pipeline of the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) and the upper annular flue (6).
2. The blast furnace recovery smelting equipment for lead-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein a valve is arranged on a connecting branch pipe of the lower annular flue (5) and the furnace wall air-introducing hole (10); and a valve is arranged on a connecting branch pipe of the upper annular flue (6) and the furnace wall air return hole (11).
3. The blast furnace recovery smelting equipment for lead-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein valves are arranged on the connecting and combining pipelines of the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) and the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) and the upper annular flue (6).
4. The blast furnace recovery smelting equipment for lead-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein the number of the furnace wall blowing feeding holes (9) is N, and N is more than or equal to 2; the number of the coal injection guns is the same as that of the furnace wall injection feeding holes (9); the coal injection gun is a heat-resistant stainless steel pipe.
5. The blast furnace recovery smelting equipment for lead-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein the number of the furnace wall gas guiding holes (10) is M, and M is more than or equal to 2; the inner side of the lower annular flue (5) is provided with holes with the same number as the furnace wall air-guiding holes (10).
6. The blast furnace recovery smelting equipment for lead-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein the number of the furnace wall return air holes (11) is M, and M is more than or equal to 2; the inner side of the upper annular flue (6) is provided with holes with the same number as the furnace wall air return holes (11).
7. The blast furnace recycling smelting equipment for lead-containing materials according to claim 1, wherein motors of the blower I (14) and the blower II (15) are variable frequency motors.
8. A blast furnace recovery smelting method of a lead-containing material adopts the blast furnace recovery smelting equipment of the lead-containing material, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, pretreatment:
splitting the waste storage battery, preprocessing a large lead plate in a waste storage battery polar plate processing system (25), and cutting the large lead plate into small blocks convenient for feeding to obtain a preprocessed polar plate material; waste liquid in the waste storage battery consists of lead sulfate, sulfuric acid and water, the waste liquid is pretreated in a waste storage battery waste liquid treatment system (27), the waste liquid is mixed with lime powder to prepare mixed solid of calcium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and lead sulfate, then the mixed solid is crushed in a waste storage battery waste liquid drying and crushing system (26), and the crushing granularity is less than or equal to 80 meshes, so that pretreated powder is obtained;
step 2, feeding:
adding the pretreated plate material into a blast furnace (1) through a feeding system through a feeding hole (7); adding the pre-treatment powder into a powder storage tank (2) through a pipeline, conveying the pre-treatment powder into a mixer (3) through the pipeline by a gas conveying system of the powder storage tank (2) for mixing, then spraying the mixture into a coal injection distributor (4) along with injection fuel, distributing the mixture to a coal injection gun through the coal injection distributor (4), and finally spraying the mixture into a blast furnace (1) through a furnace wall injection feeding hole (9);
step 3, smelting:
normally smelting iron in a blast furnace (1), wherein smelting furnace materials comprise sintered ore, pellet ore, porous coke and smelting solvent, the temperature of molten iron at the bottom of the blast furnace is 1400-1500 ℃, the temperature of a coal injection tuyere area, namely the area of a furnace wall injection feeding hole (9), is 1800-2300 ℃, the temperature of furnace top exhaust gas is 150-250 ℃, and the temperature in the furnace is a reducing atmosphere;
(a) the metal lead in the pole plate material added through the feed inlet (7) starts to melt at 327 ℃, passes through the furnace burden and flows to the lower part of the furnace to sink into the furnace bottom; meanwhile, a small amount of lead is vaporized and raised at high temperature in the downward flowing process, lead steam is adsorbed by a plurality of layers of porous coke and sinter in the raising process or is cooled and solidified on the surface of a furnace charge by a low-temperature furnace charge, then the lead steam descends along with the furnace charge, the temperature rises after descending, the lead is vaporized again, finally the lead is balanced in different temperature areas, lead-containing flue gas at a temperature area of 800-650 ℃ in the blast furnace (1) is led out through a furnace wall air-leading hole (10) and enters a lower annular flue (5);
(b) lead sulfate sprayed into mixed powder in the blast furnace (1) is rapidly decomposed into sulfur oxide and lead oxide at the temperature of over 1800 ℃, then the lead oxide is changed into gas and is reduced into metallic lead by carbon monoxide and carbon, the metallic lead is vaporized, and lead steam is condensed into liquid lead when meeting low-temperature furnace burden after rising, and then flows downwards and sinks into the furnace bottom; the sulfur oxide is reduced into hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide which are discharged out of the furnace along with furnace gas, and the hydrogen sulfide and the carbonyl sulfide are captured and removed by a coal gas desulfurization link or absorbed by molten iron, so that the molten iron is increased in sulfur; calcium sulfate in the mixed powder enters the slag; calcium hydroxide in the mixed powder is decomposed into water and calcium oxide, and the calcium oxide enters a bottom molten pool along with iron dropping from the soft melting zone and is captured by slag to become a slagging material;
and 4, recovering:
starting a furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) or a furnace gas lead recovery system II (13), firstly connecting a nitrogen sweeper (16) with a high-pressure nitrogen source, opening a nitrogen valve (16.1) or a nitrogen valve (16.2), opening a diffusion valve (12.3) or a diffusion valve (13.3), injecting nitrogen into the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) or the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13), and replacing air with nitrogen; then, starting a blower I (14) or a blower II (15); then opening a first smoke outlet valve (21), a second smoke outlet valve (22) or opening a first smoke outlet valve (23) and a second smoke outlet valve (24), and finally gradually opening a first smoke inlet valve (17) and a second smoke inlet valve (18), or gradually opening a first smoke inlet valve (19) and a second smoke inlet valve (20), and controlling the smoke output to be 20-30% by controlling the smoke inlet valves; leading out flue gas to enter a furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) or a furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) through a pipeline, cooling and capturing lead, zinc, cadmium and light metal oxides and salts, and leading the cooled lead liquid, zinc, cadmium and light metal oxides and salts to flow into a lead collecting tank (12.2) or a lead collecting tank (13.2); the unliquefied flue gas in the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) or the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) enters the upper annular flue (6) through a pipeline and is led back to the blast furnace (1) through the furnace wall air return hole (11).
9. The blast furnace recovery smelting method of lead-containing materials according to claim 8, characterized in that the pressure of the flue gas extracted from the furnace wall air-introducing hole (10) after being decompressed through the pipeline resistance and the resistance of the furnace gas lead recovery system is higher than the pressure of the flue gas in the furnace at the furnace wall air-returning hole (11).
10. The blast furnace recovery smelting method of lead-containing materials according to claim 8, characterized in that the temperature reduction of the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) and the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) adopts tubular or plate heat exchange; the cooling media of the furnace gas lead recovery system I (12) and the furnace gas lead recovery system II (13) adopt air cooling, and the air source is provided by an air blower I (14) or an air blower II (15).
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| CN202010959069.2A CN111910083A (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2020-09-14 | Blast furnace recycling smelting equipment and method for lead-containing material |
| PCT/CN2021/116926 WO2022052911A1 (en) | 2020-09-14 | 2021-09-07 | Blast furnace recovery and smelting apparatus and method for lead-containing materials |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113857204A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-12-31 | 徐婷 | Hazardous solid waste lead recovery equipment |
| WO2022052911A1 (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | 沈阳东大山汇环境科技有限公司 | Blast furnace recovery and smelting apparatus and method for lead-containing materials |
| CN117004784A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-07 | 山西建龙实业有限公司 | Preheating system of nitrogen for blast furnace pulverized coal injection |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108950236A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-07 | 个旧市沙甸永和冶炼厂 | A kind of technique of clean and effective processing lead containing sludge |
| CN111349793A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-06-30 | 沈阳东大山汇环境科技有限公司 | Zinc recovery method and device for blast furnace or shaft furnace |
| CN111910083A (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2020-11-10 | 沈阳东大山汇环境科技有限公司 | Blast furnace recycling smelting equipment and method for lead-containing material |
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2020
- 2020-09-14 CN CN202010959069.2A patent/CN111910083A/en active Pending
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022052911A1 (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2022-03-17 | 沈阳东大山汇环境科技有限公司 | Blast furnace recovery and smelting apparatus and method for lead-containing materials |
| CN113857204A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-12-31 | 徐婷 | Hazardous solid waste lead recovery equipment |
| CN117004784A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-07 | 山西建龙实业有限公司 | Preheating system of nitrogen for blast furnace pulverized coal injection |
| CN117004784B (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-11-28 | 山西建龙实业有限公司 | Preheating system of nitrogen for blast furnace pulverized coal injection |
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