CN101565767A - Method for melting reduction iron making - Google Patents

Method for melting reduction iron making Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101565767A
CN101565767A CNA2009100945039A CN200910094503A CN101565767A CN 101565767 A CN101565767 A CN 101565767A CN A2009100945039 A CNA2009100945039 A CN A2009100945039A CN 200910094503 A CN200910094503 A CN 200910094503A CN 101565767 A CN101565767 A CN 101565767A
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China
Prior art keywords
spray gun
oxygen
furnace
melting
reduction iron
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Pending
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CNA2009100945039A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王�华
岳争超
卿山
汤忖江
齐翼龙
赵鲁梅
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Application filed by Kunming University of Science and Technology filed Critical Kunming University of Science and Technology
Priority to CNA2009100945039A priority Critical patent/CN101565767A/en
Publication of CN101565767A publication Critical patent/CN101565767A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for melting reduction iron making, in particular to a method for direct melting reduction iron making in a reaction furnace, which belongs to the field of metallurgical melting. The method comprises the following steps: a spray gun is inserted into the furnace from the top of the furnace and the spray gun nozzle is suspended at the upper part of a slag melting layer; the position of the spray gun can be adjusted up and down according to specific smelting periods; smelted fuel, air and oxygenized oxygen are sprayed into a melting pool through the spray gun; charging materials such as iron ore powder, fusing agent and the like are added from a furnace-top feed inlet; nitrogen is directly brown into the melting pool from the bottom of the furnace; the melting pool is in stirring state by the combined action of top oxygen blowing and bottom nitrogen blowing; and flue gas produced by melting passes through a waste heat boiler for heat exchange and is then sent to subsequent working procedures. The invention has fast reaction speed, evener material mixing and flexible process technology, can shorten the reaction time, reduce the production of pollutants, strengthen the transmission of heat and mass, reduce the investment cost and greatly improve the production efficiency.

Description

A kind of method for melting reduction iron making
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of in a Reaktionsofen the direct method of fused reduction iron-smelting, belong to metallurgical melting field.
Background technology
Iron And Steel Industry is a mainstay of the national economy industry, but, need to consume a large amount of energy in process of production, the pollutant discharge amount of following the use of the energy and raw material in each production process and producing is quite huge, its source of pollution mainly contain sintering, coking, ironmaking, steel-making and attached operation, and wherein the pollution problem that causes of air pollutant emission is especially serious.The Iron And Steel Industry energy consumption accounts for 9.54% of national total energy consumption, 12.93% of whole nation industrial energy consumption, ton steel comprehensive energy consumption is 1.281 tons of standard coals, far above developed country's ton steel net energy consumption 0.590~0.683 ton of standard coal (1994), and the quantity discharged of particulate matter and sulfurous gas accounts for 10.93% and 6.25% of national industrial discharge total amount respectively.Iron And Steel Industry can consumption high efficiency a low major cause be in ironmaking system ton iron net energy consumption 29.5% be used for ore sintering and coking process, this part energy is fully reclaimed and is utilized after the physicochemical property that improves raw material.In addition, the particulate matter and the sulfurous gas of this two-step discharging account for 45.6% and 67.7% of Iron And Steel Industry total release respectively.
The reason that causes the high energy consumption problem of Iron And Steel Industry is many-sided, still, in tediously long production process, needs heating and cooling material continually, and the energy devaluation and the loss that therefore cause are higher major reasons of Iron And Steel Industry energy consumption.Even in the more advanced Japan of technology, in its Steel Complex, the waste heat discharge loss accounts for 38.5% of total energy consumption.To China's Iron And Steel Industry waste heat analysis revealed, the physics waste heat of the various products of process accounts for the 29-39% of total energy consumption, and wherein coking waste gas sensible heat, coke sensible heat, agglomerate sensible heat, sinter fume sensible heat, blast furnace gas sensible heat etc. occupy significant proportion.But because its energy matter is lower, this part energy generally can not be fully used, also few through the residual heat resources that can recycle that technical economical analysis is determined, account for 10% of total energy consumption greatly, wherein ironmaking system accounts for 46%, as seen, the production process power loss that causes because of flow process is tediously long is very huge.
In Iron And Steel Industry inside, ironmaking system had both consumed a large amount of energy, caused very serious pollution again, needed to use day by day the coking coal that reduces simultaneously, and therefore, the innovation of Iron And Steel Industry started with from ironmaking system to be inevitable.But, not only need a large amount of investments from the end treatment environmental pollution, and need a large amount of operation and maintenance costs.According to statistics, 15% investment is to be used for the environmental protection purpose in the Iron And Steel Industry, this is equivalent to annual steel throughput per ton haply need increase 420-480 unit, the expense of these equipment of turning round is a 70-150/ ton steel, particularly in coke production, in order to satisfy environmental requirement, a year ton coke production ability needs to increase at least 77.5 yuan of investments.Moreover real serious disposal of pollutants source is the uncontrollable discharge source in Iron And Steel Industry, and general measure of control are difficult to prove effective.Therefore, the pollution that solves Iron And Steel Industry answers emphasis to consider the innovation of technical process, just by the generation of cleaner production from source control pollutent.
If can adopt short flow process ironmaking technology, can reduce production costs significantly, can reduce the generation of uncontrollable discharge source pollutants again in a large number, this will be an effective way of steel industry Sustainable development.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide ironmaking in the combined fusion reducing furnace of a kind of oxygen top blown and nitrogen bottom blowing, its speed of response is fast, reaction times can be shortened, mixing of materials is more even, can reduce the generation of pollutent, and can strengthen the transmission of heat, quality, enhance productivity greatly, Technology is flexible, can reduce cost of investment.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Spray gun inserts in the stove from furnace roof, spray gun is suspended on molten slag layer top, the rifle position is according to smelting corresponding adjustment up and down in residing concrete period, the fuel of melting, air and oxygen enrichment oxygen spray into the molten bath by spray gun, furnace charge such as iron ore powder, flux is carried from furnace roof opening for feed wind-force, nitrogen directly is blown into bath from furnace bottom, and the acting in conjunction of oxygen top blown and nitrogen bottom blowing makes the molten bath be in agitated conditions, delivers to subsequent handling after the heat exchange behind the flue gas process waste heat boiler that smelting produces.
The concentration of oxygen enrichment of the present invention is 30%~95% adjustment, and oxygen pressure is controlled at 0.3~1MPa, and nitrogen 0.1~1MPa melt tank reaction temperature is controlled at 1450 ℃~1600 ℃.
Iron ore powder, flux are 10~30 tons/hour from the feeding quantity of the described opening for feed of furnace roof.The granularity of described furnace charge is 1~80 millimeter.
Described oxygen flow is 5~15 cubic meters per minute during oxygen top blown.
The combined type sleeve pipe that spray gun of the present invention is made up of oxygen-rich air pipe, water cooling tube and diesel oil pipe, spray gun is made by the chromium nickel-titanium alloy material, and the spray gun end is equipped with a removable nozzle.The diameter of spray gun is 108 millimeters.
During smelting operation, fuel (oil), oxygen-rich air spray into the molten bath by spray gun, and furnace charges such as iron ore powder, flux add from the furnace roof material inlet, and nitrogen directly is blown into bath from furnace bottom.Under the acting in conjunction of oxygen enrichment oxygen air top blast and nitrogen bottom blowing, the molten bath is in the intensive agitated conditions, and material melts rapidly under high temperature, high turbulence and carries out the intensive physical-chemical reaction.The vigorous stirring in molten bath has increased contacting of slag layer and metallographic phase and furnace gas, has strengthened the reduction ratio of metallic iron.
Oxygen-rich air stream is sprayed onto weld pool surface top by nozzle, violent burning takes place with the CO that overflows from the molten bath, provide competent energy to melt tank reaction, bottom blowing nitrogen makes melt be in reflux state, to the molten bath vigorous agitation, for the abundant contact of gas-liquid-solid three-phase in the molten bath provides favourable condition, quicken the fusing of furnace charge and the metallurgical process of metallic reducing.In addition, the top blast oxygen-rich air can suppress the blow power loss of wearing and causing of bottom blowing air-flow to the molten bath.The control to the molten bath smelting process can be realized in the rifle position of flow, coal amount and spray gun by regulating gun traffic, oxygen content, bottom blowing nitrogen, makes that the temperature of reaction in the bath is in stable status substantially, finally guarantees the smelting efficient in molten bath.
This technology is continuously feeding, and molten iron and slag then are interrupted emits.The flue gas of oxygen top blown smelting reduction stove is delivered to subsequent handling through after the residual heat boiler for exchanging heat, and the heat energy in the smelting is reused.Controlling of production process mainly is to control at the technic index of material, oxygen top blown smelting reduction stove.The control of oxygen top blown smelting reduction stove is finished by the DCS system with adjusting.During melting, only need coal amount, flow, oxygen content, nitrogen amount, delivery rate are set, just can realize the melting of fusion reducing furnace.And operator only need regularly slag type slag specimen to be carried out observation analysis, judge the melting situation of stove; And control the grade of reduced iron by regulating spray gun height, spray gun winding-up flow, oxygen content, nitrogen amount.Stable furnace temperature and stable slag type are the key parameters of oxygen top blown smelting reduction stove melting.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1. the handiness of raw material
Top end composite blowing fused reduction iron-smelting technology can be used the iron-containing charge of multiple class, and comprising can't be by the waste of sintering plant recovery, and the C in the material, CaO and MgO also obtain utilizing, and have reduced the resource consumption of Iron and Steel Production.
Fuel can comprise: from the hard coal to the high volatile coal (5%<volatile matter<38%); Coke powder; Other carbonaceous material such as rubber flour or plastic waste powder.
Adopt the oxygen-enriched top blowing technology that temperature of reaction is increased to more than 1450 ℃, reaction is accelerated, and has shortened the reaction times, has improved production efficiency greatly.
2. Cao Zuo handiness
The speed of response of top end composite blowing ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction technology is flexible, can make the operative technique personnel select production intensity according to demand, perhaps former, fuel type for the conversion that reduces cost, especially open, blowing out and increase, decrement producer face is easy to control.
3. reduce newly-built or the investment for trnasforming urban land cost
Top end composite blowing ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction does not need pit kiln, sintering plant or pelletizing plant, has greatly reduced the total cost of investment of new Steel Plant, has reduced the running cost of Iron and Steel Production yet.
Top end composite blowing ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction can use many equipment identical with blast furnace, as gas blower, hotblast stove, coal gas cleaning system, the basis of grain slag system, feed circuit and blast furnace etc., so its factory can make full use of existing equipment, build existing blast furnace ironmaking factory in.
4. the exhaust gas volumn of Pai Chuing is few, and thermosteresis is little, SO in the flue gas 2Concentration increase, flue dust is little, helps SO 2Recovery relieving haperacidity, prevented the formation of acid rain.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: coal grain and the furnace charge of 1~20mm are mixed, be added to together in the stove by opening for feed, the coal grain plays reduction Fe 3O 4And generate metallic iron and act as a fuel the effect of heat is provided.Feeding quantity 15t/h, oxygen is pressed 0.5MPa, oxygen flow 6.0m 3/ min, oxygen rifle diameter 108mm, coefficient of oxygen utilization 92%, nitrogen pressure 0.3MPa, the melt tank reaction temperature is controlled at 1450 ℃, the SO in the flue gas 2: 17%, flue dust: 3%, flue gas is delivered to acid accumulator plant through after the wet dedusting.
Embodiment 2: coal grain and the furnace charge of 20~40mm mixed, is added to together in the stove by opening for feed, and feeding quantity 20t/h, oxygen is pressed 0.7MPa, oxygen flow 10m 3/ min, oxygen rifle diameter 108mm, coefficient of oxygen utilization 95%, nitrogen pressure 0.6MPa, the melt tank reaction temperature is controlled at 1520 ℃, the SO in the oxygen 2: 21%, flue dust: 1%, flue gas is delivered to acid accumulator plant through after the wet dedusting.
Embodiment 3: fine coal and the furnace charge of 40~60mm mixed, is added to together in the stove by opening for feed, and feeding quantity 13t/h, oxygen is pressed 0.8MPa, oxygen flow 5.8m 3/ min, oxygen rifle diameter 108mm, coefficient of oxygen utilization 94%, nitrogen pressure 0.9MPa, the melt tank reaction temperature is controlled at 1600 ℃, the SO in the oxygen 2: 19%, flue dust: 2.5%, flue gas is delivered to acid accumulator plant through after the wet dedusting.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of method of fused reduction iron-smelting, it is characterized in that: spray gun inserts in the stove from furnace roof, spray gun is suspended on molten slag layer top, the rifle position is according to smelting corresponding adjustment up and down in residing concrete period, the fuel of melting, air and oxygen enrichment oxygen spray into the molten bath by spray gun, furnace charge such as iron ore powder, flux is carried from furnace roof opening for feed wind-force, nitrogen directly is blown into bath from furnace bottom, the acting in conjunction of oxygen top blown and nitrogen bottom blowing makes the molten bath be in agitated conditions, delivers to subsequent handling after the heat exchange behind the flue gas process waste heat boiler that smelting produces.
2, the method for fused reduction iron-smelting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the concentration of described oxygen enrichment is 30%~95% adjustment, and oxygen pressure is controlled at 0.3~1MPa, and nitrogen 0.1~1MPa melt tank reaction temperature is controlled at 1450 ℃~1600 ℃.
3, the method for fused reduction iron-smelting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the feeding quantity of described opening for feed is 10~30 tons/hour.
4, the method for fused reduction iron-smelting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described oxygen flow is 5~15 cubic meters per minute.
5, the method for fused reduction iron-smelting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described spray gun is made up of fine coal pipe, oxygen hose, spray gun airduct and oil pipe, and lance tube is made by mild steel and stainless steel, and the spray gun end is equipped with a removable nozzle.
6, the method for fused reduction iron-smelting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the diameter of described spray gun is 108 millimeters.
7, the method for fused reduction iron-smelting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the granularity of described furnace charge is 1~80 millimeter.
CNA2009100945039A 2009-05-22 2009-05-22 Method for melting reduction iron making Pending CN101565767A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101857910A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-10-13 昆明理工大学 Method for melting, reducing and smelting high-titanium iron ore by oxygen-enriched top blowing
CN103276278A (en) * 2013-06-04 2013-09-04 罕王实业集团有限公司 Smelting reduction furnace used for smelting laterite-nickel ore
CN104327886A (en) * 2014-10-10 2015-02-04 昆明理工大学 Fuel reduction agent applied in metallurgy pyrometallurgical process
CN113355473A (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-09-07 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 Method and device for blowing waste flue gas of hot blast stove to smelting reduction furnace

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101857910A (en) * 2010-06-11 2010-10-13 昆明理工大学 Method for melting, reducing and smelting high-titanium iron ore by oxygen-enriched top blowing
CN101857910B (en) * 2010-06-11 2012-06-20 昆明理工大学 Method for melting, reducing and smelting high-titanium iron ore by oxygen-enriched top blowing
CN103276278A (en) * 2013-06-04 2013-09-04 罕王实业集团有限公司 Smelting reduction furnace used for smelting laterite-nickel ore
CN103276278B (en) * 2013-06-04 2015-10-21 罕王实业集团有限公司 A kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores
CN104327886A (en) * 2014-10-10 2015-02-04 昆明理工大学 Fuel reduction agent applied in metallurgy pyrometallurgical process
CN113355473A (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-09-07 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 Method and device for blowing waste flue gas of hot blast stove to smelting reduction furnace
CN113355473B (en) * 2021-05-19 2022-06-03 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 Method and device for blowing waste flue gas of hot blast stove to smelting reduction furnace

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Application publication date: 20091028