CN111896203B - Method for testing vibration energy attenuation rate of steel rail damper - Google Patents
Method for testing vibration energy attenuation rate of steel rail damper Download PDFInfo
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- CN111896203B CN111896203B CN202010739870.6A CN202010739870A CN111896203B CN 111896203 B CN111896203 B CN 111896203B CN 202010739870 A CN202010739870 A CN 202010739870A CN 111896203 B CN111896203 B CN 111896203B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
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Abstract
A method for testing vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: a test preparation step, before testing, preparing a steel rail, a high-elasticity supporting elastic element and a metal supporting strip; step two: a test installation step, namely, placing the steel rail above the high-elasticity supporting elastic element to enable the steel rail to swing freely; step three: a testing step, obtaining the following values: center frequency f of the triple frequency band; point input FRF; a transfer FRF with a distance L between the impact point and the measurement point; transmitting the FRF to the measurement point distance of the impact point; step four: calculating the attenuation rate in each one-third octave band in the vertical direction and the transverse direction according to a formula; therefore, the method is simple, convenient and quick, effectively overcomes the defects of the prior art, and objectively and accurately evaluates the vibration energy attenuation rate of the steel rail damper.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration and noise reduction of a track, in particular to a method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper.
Background
With the rapid development of urban rail transit, a rail structure as an important bearing part plays an important role in the development process of rail transit. The fast-paced urban development mode puts higher demands on rail transit, wherein wheel-rail vibration noise is the main problem facing and needing to be solved urgently. In order to solve the problem of wheel-rail vibration noise, many countries have made relevant research. At present, the vibration attenuation rate test and data processing of the steel rail are generally carried out according to European regulations, and the vibration attenuation rate of the steel rail is tested by adopting a hammering method.
The method for testing and calculating the vibration attenuation rate of the steel rail has complicated test conditions, is greatly restricted by conditions such as time, working conditions and the like, and is not beneficial to directly comparing and evaluating the performance of the damper product applied to the steel rail.
Therefore, in view of the above drawbacks, the present inventor has studied and designed a method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a rail damper by taking into account the experience and results of the related industries for many years through careful research and design to overcome the above drawbacks.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper, which is simple, convenient and quick, effectively overcomes the defects of the prior art, and objectively and accurately evaluates the vibration energy attenuation rate of the steel rail damper.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: a test preparation step, preparing a steel rail, a high-elasticity support elastic element and a metal support strip before testing, wherein the steel rail is 60kg/m, the length is controlled to be 6m +/-10 mm, the test rail has no welding or obvious defects, the surface of the metal support strip is clean, the metal support strip is dry and has no oil stain, the interface of the metal support strip is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the length is equal to or larger than the width of the rail bottom of the steel rail, the steel rail needs to be marked and divided, and the marked division is performed from the center of the steel rail to two ends at a sleeper interval of 0.6 m;
step two: a test installation step, namely placing a steel rail above a high-elasticity support elastic element to enable the steel rail to swing freely, placing the high-elasticity support elastic element at the first 0.6m center position of two ends of the steel rail, installing a steel rail damper on the rail web of the steel rail, arranging measuring points at two ends of the steel rail, arranging a data acquisition instrument beside the measuring points, wherein the maximum distance between the center of a sensor arranged at the measuring points and the tail end of the steel rail is 10mm, the sensor in the vertical direction is fixed at the rail head, and the transverse sensor is arranged at the center of the rail web of the steel rail;
step three: a testing step, obtaining the following values: center frequency f of the triple frequency band; point input FRF; a transfer FRF with a distance L between the impact point and the measurement point; transmitting the FRF to the measurement point distance of the impact point;
step four: the attenuation ratio is calculated in each one-third octave band in the vertical and lateral directions according to the following formula (1):
wherein: in the first step, the natural frequency of the high-elasticity supporting elastic element is lower than 30 Hz.
Wherein: the loss factor of the high-elasticity supporting elastic element is more than 0.01, and the loss factor is not more than 0.2 in the third octave from 250Hz to 2 kHz.
Wherein: in the second step, the steel rail damper is installed at the center position of the distance between sleepers of 0.6m, the sensor is an accelerometer sensor, the mass of the sensor is required to be less than 10g, the diameter of the sensor is required to be less than 15mm, and the accelerometer sensor cannot have the resonance frequency lower than 10 kHz.
Wherein: the data acquisition instrument beside the measuring point is connected with a pulse hammer with an integrated force measuring function, the pulse hammer needs to ensure that the power of the force is flat within 20dB within a frequency range of 7kHz, and the resolution of the data acquisition instrument requires at least 16 Bit.
Wherein: the pulse hammer should include a soft pulse hammer for verifying before testing whether a highly elastic supporting elastic element is suitable, and a hard pulse hammer.
Wherein: the rail temperature of the steel rail needs to be tested at the beginning and the end of the test, the temperature of the steel rail needs to be controlled between 18 ℃ and 25 ℃, the background vibration is measured at the beginning of the test, and the excitation pulse and the corresponding signal need to be 10dB higher than the background vibration in each one-third octave band.
Wherein: the measurement is triggered before the test by a force pulse with a sampling frequency of at least 2.5 times the maximum frequency, said force pulse triggering measurement selecting a pre-trigger of at least 10 milliseconds, the trigger time should not exceed 15% of the evaluation time window.
According to the above, the method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of the steel rail damper has the following effects:
1. the result can be determined conveniently and quickly.
2. The physical quantity is less, the influence factor is reduced, and the vibration energy attenuation rate of the steel rail damper can be determined more effectively.
The details of the present invention can be obtained from the following description and the attached drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a position schematic diagram of the vibration energy attenuation rate testing method of the steel rail damper.
Figure 2 shows the position of the resilient support of the present invention under the test rail.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of the steel rail damper is shown.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of the steel rail damper is performed on a steel rail with the length of 6 m. The shape of the rail corresponds to the shape to be used for the damper. The test rail must be in good condition and free of welds or significant defects. The dampers should be symmetrically installed on the rail with the center of the rail as an axis (ML), and the distance between the dampers must correspond to the actual rail installation distance.
Referring to fig. 2, the rail should be supported so that it can swing freely. This can be achieved by elastic mounting at both ends at a fundamental frequency below 30 Hz. The resilient support must have a sufficiently high internal damping to minimize the effect of the support's resonance on the measurement results. The dissipation factor of the support should be greater than 0.01. In the third octave from 250Hz to 2kHz, the loss factor must not exceed 0.2. a metal rod is placed at the contact surface between the rail and the support to achieve a well-defined contact surface. The square cross-section of the metal bar should be 20mm x 20 mm. Their length must be at least equal to the width of the rail foot. The surface of the metal bar must be clean, dry and grease free. The resilient support should not be in direct contact with the rail. Neither the support nor the metal rod must be in direct contact with the damper or its mounting system.
The physical quantity required for calculating the vibration damping rate can be known: center frequency f of the triple frequency band; point input FRF; a transfer FRF with a distance L between the impact point and the measurement point; the FRF is delivered to the measurement point distance of the impact point (corresponding approximately to track length 6 m).
Specifically, the method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of the steel rail damper comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a test preparation step, preparing a standard 60kg/m rail with the length of 6m, a high-elasticity supporting elastic element and a metal supporting strip, wherein the length of the 60kg/m rail is controlled to be 6m (+ -10 mm), and the test rail has no welding or obvious defects.
Wherein the natural frequency of the highly elastic supporting spring element is lower than 30Hz, preferably, the natural frequency deficiency can be achieved by stacking, the loss factor of the highly elastic supporting spring element should be greater than 0.01, and the loss factor should not exceed 0.2 in the third octave from 250Hz to 2 kHz.
The surface of the metal support bar is clean, dry and oil-free, the interface of the metal support bar is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, and the length of the metal support bar is equal to or greater than the width of the rail bottom of the steel rail.
The rail with the length of 6m needs to be marked and divided, wherein the marking is divided from the center of the rail to two ends of the rail at a sleeper interval of 0.6 m.
Step two: and a test installation step, namely, placing a 6m long steel rail above a high-elasticity support elastic element to enable the steel rail to swing freely, placing the high-elasticity support elastic element at the first 0.6m central position at two ends, and installing a steel rail damper on the rail web of the steel rail, wherein the steel rail damper is required to be installed at the central position of the interval of 0.6m sleepers, and the steel rail damper needs to be closely attached to the rail web of the steel rail.
Measuring points are arranged at two ends of the steel rail, and a data acquisition instrument is arranged beside the measuring points, wherein the maximum distance between the centers of the sensors arranged at the measuring points and the tail end of the steel rail is 10mm, the sensor in the vertical direction is fixed at the rail head, and the transverse sensor is arranged at the center of the rail web of the steel rail.
Wherein the sensor is an accelerometer sensor, the sensor requires a mass of less than 10g, the diameter should be less than 15mm, and the accelerometer sensor must not have a resonant frequency below 10 kHz.
The data acquisition instrument beside the measuring point is connected with a pulse hammer with an integrated force measuring function, and the pulse hammer needs to ensure that the power of the force is flat within 20dB within a frequency range of 7 kHz. The acquisition instrument should have sufficient resolution, requiring at least 16 bits.
The pulse hammer should include soft pulse hammer and hard pulse hammer, and the soft pulse hammer is mainly used for verifying whether the high-elasticity supporting elastic element is suitable before testing.
Step three: a testing step, which mainly obtains the following numerical values: center frequency f of the triple frequency band; point input FRF; a transfer FRF with a distance L between the impact point and the measurement point; the FRF is delivered to the measurement point distance of the impact point (corresponding approximately to track length 6 m).
Wherein, the rail temperature of the steel rail needs to be tested at the beginning and the end of the test, and the rail temperature is controlled between 18 ℃ and 25 ℃.
Where the background vibration is measured at the beginning of the test, the excitation pulse and corresponding signal should be 10dB higher than the background vibration in each one-third octave band.
At the beginning of the vibration energy attenuation rate test of the steel rail damper, the measurement is triggered through force pulse, the sampling frequency must be at least 2.5 times of the maximum frequency, the pre-triggering of at least 10 milliseconds must be selected for the force pulse triggering measurement, and the triggering time should not exceed 15 percent of the evaluation time window.
Step four: the attenuation ratio is calculated in each one-third octave band in the vertical and lateral directions according to the following formula (1):
therefore, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method has the advantages that a better innovation thought is provided, the vibration attenuation rate testing methods in the prior art are all used for testing on a circuit, the evaluated products aim at the effect of the section, the effect of the vibration attenuation rate of the products can be directly evaluated after the tests are carried out in a laboratory, and the difference of the vibration attenuation rates of different products can be directly compared.
2. According to the existing test method, due to the fact that influence factors on a line are too many (for example, the influence factors on wheel sets of different train numbers are irregular, steel rails of different sections are not smooth, stress of fastener base plates is uneven, construction quality of a track bed is different and the like), data consistency is poor, 60kg/m steel rails are selected in a targeted mode, high-elasticity supporting elements are added to rail bottoms on two sides innovatively, loss factors of the supporting elements are regulated, and the influence of vibration reduction outside on the data is reduced.
3. In the prior art, attenuation values of different frequency bands are obtained through multi-point excitation, two far and near end different attenuation rates under the same working condition are analyzed directly through a single excitation point after interference factors are reduced, and data difference caused by different knocking positions and force values after multiple times of excitation is reduced.
4. The method has the advantages of small test workload, short test time, low requirement on test external conditions, high repeatability of the measured data, better consistency, high reliability and obvious contrast effect after external interference is eliminated, and can directly determine the advantages and the disadvantages of different products in different frequency bands.
It should be apparent that the foregoing description and illustrations are by way of example only and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, application or uses. While embodiments have been described in the embodiments and depicted in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the particular examples illustrated by the drawings and described in the embodiments as the best mode presently contemplated for carrying out the teachings of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention will include any embodiments falling within the foregoing description and the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for testing vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a test preparation step, preparing a steel rail, a high-elasticity support elastic element and a metal support strip before testing, wherein the steel rail is 60kg/m, the length is controlled to be 6m +/-10 mm, the test rail has no welding or obvious defects, the surface of the metal support strip is clean, the metal support strip is dry and has no oil stain, the interface of the metal support strip is 20mm multiplied by 20mm, the length is equal to or larger than the width of the rail bottom of the steel rail, the steel rail needs to be marked and divided, and the marked division is performed from the center of the steel rail to two ends at a sleeper interval of 0.6 m;
step two: a test installation step, namely placing a steel rail above a high-elasticity support elastic element to enable the steel rail to swing freely, placing the high-elasticity support elastic element at the first 0.6m center position of two ends of the steel rail, installing a steel rail damper on the rail web of the steel rail, arranging measuring points at two ends of the steel rail, arranging a data acquisition instrument beside the measuring points, wherein the maximum distance between the center of a sensor arranged at the measuring points and the tail end of the steel rail is 10mm, the sensor in the vertical direction is fixed at the rail head, and the transverse sensor is arranged at the center of the rail web of the steel rail;
step three: a testing step, obtaining the following values: center frequency f of the triple frequency band; point input FRF; a transfer FRF with a distance L between the impact point and the measurement point; transmitting the FRF to the measurement point distance of the impact point;
step four: the attenuation ratio is calculated in each one-third octave band in the vertical and lateral directions according to the following formula (1):
2. a method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the natural frequency of the high-elasticity supporting elastic element is lower than 30 Hz.
3. A method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper according to claim 1, wherein: the loss factor of the high-elasticity supporting elastic element is more than 0.01, and the loss factor is not more than 0.2 in the third octave from 250Hz to 2 kHz.
4. A method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the steel rail damper is installed at the center position of the distance between sleepers of 0.6m, the sensor is an accelerometer sensor, the mass of the sensor is required to be less than 10g, the diameter of the sensor is required to be less than 15mm, and the accelerometer sensor cannot have the resonance frequency lower than 10 kHz.
5. A method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition instrument beside the measuring point is connected with a pulse hammer with an integrated force measuring function, the pulse hammer needs to ensure that the power of the force is flat within 20dB within a frequency range of 7kHz, and the resolution of the data acquisition instrument requires at least 16 Bit.
6. A method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper according to claim 5, wherein: the pulse hammer should include a soft pulse hammer for verifying before testing whether a highly elastic supporting elastic element is suitable, and a hard pulse hammer.
7. A method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper according to claim 1, wherein: the rail temperature of the steel rail needs to be tested at the beginning and the end of the test, the temperature of the steel rail needs to be controlled between 18 ℃ and 25 ℃, the background vibration is measured at the beginning of the test, and the excitation pulse and the corresponding signal need to be 10dB higher than the background vibration in each one-third octave band.
8. A method for testing the vibration energy attenuation rate of a steel rail damper according to claim 1, wherein: the measurement is triggered before the test by a force pulse with a sampling frequency of at least 2.5 times the maximum frequency, said force pulse triggering measurement selecting a pre-trigger of at least 10 milliseconds, the trigger time should not exceed 15% of the evaluation time window.
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