CN111895413A - Material waste cable pyrolysis recycling and disposal device and using method thereof - Google Patents

Material waste cable pyrolysis recycling and disposal device and using method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111895413A
CN111895413A CN202010801689.3A CN202010801689A CN111895413A CN 111895413 A CN111895413 A CN 111895413A CN 202010801689 A CN202010801689 A CN 202010801689A CN 111895413 A CN111895413 A CN 111895413A
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hearth
pyrolysis
combustion chamber
furnace
gas
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陈志俊
肖亚平
曹冲
邱勇智
肖洒
黄晓舟
叶蒙
彭云志
杨耿琦
周婧娴
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Xiaogan Power Supply Co of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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Xiaogan Power Supply Co of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40—Acidic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/10—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/003—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles
    • F23G7/006—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for used articles wires, cables
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/14—Waste feed arrangements using hopper or bin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/50204—Waste pre-treatment by pyrolysis, gasification or cracking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a material waste cable pyrolysis recovery disposal device, which comprises a power assembly, a plurality of charging baskets, a hearth, a combustion chamber, a burner, an induced draft fan and an air purification tower, wherein the left end and the right end of the hearth are respectively hinged with a furnace door, the left side part and the right side part of the hearth are respectively and fixedly provided with a left objective table and a right objective table, the charging baskets respectively pass through the left objective table, the inner part of the hearth and the right objective table under the action of the power assembly, the combustion chamber is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hearth, the burner is arranged below the combustion chamber, an air outlet of the hearth is connected with an air inlet of the combustion chamber through a pipeline to form a first air path, the other air outlet of the combustion chamber, the induced draft fan and the air purification tower are connected through a pipeline to form a second air path, and the first air path is provided with a valve, by adopting the device, the purpose of treating the waste electric wires and cables in a green and harmless way is achieved.

Description

Material waste cable pyrolysis recycling and disposal device and using method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of waste cable treatment, in particular to a material waste cable pyrolysis recycling and disposal device and a using method thereof.
Background
Along with economic development and scientific and technological progress, the electronics and information industry is rapidly developed, the use amount of various electronic and electric products and metal wires thereof is increased, the waste electric wires and cables (because the main component of the waste electric wires and cables is high polymer resin, wherein polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Polyethylene (PE) are the main components of electric wire and cable insulation materials, PE is polymerized by ethylene monomers, PVC is polymerized by vinyl chloride monomers, the production of the PVC is mainly based on a suspension method) have the characteristics of large quantity, complex components, great harm, difficult treatment and the like, a systematic treatment process is required, otherwise, serious threat is brought to the surrounding environment; on the other hand, the enrichment degree of valuable components such as metal elements is high, so that the method has considerable recovery value. In recent years, with the deep investigation of the electronic waste dismantling industry, the waste cable treatment technology mainly comprises incineration and waste cable stripping technology. The two methods not only have complex operation process and environmental pollution but also have lower recovery rate in the treatment process. Therefore, there is a need for an alternative technology to replace the original processing method, and therefore, there is a need for solving the existing problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a pyrolysis recycling device for waste cables and a method for using the same, so as to achieve the purpose of treating waste wires and cables in an environmentally friendly and harmless manner.
In order to achieve the purpose, the pyrolysis recycling and disposal device for the waste cables of the materials comprises a power assembly, a plurality of charging baskets, a hearth, a combustion chamber, a combustor, an induced draft fan and an air purification tower, the left end and the right end of the hearth are respectively hinged with a furnace door, the left side part and the right side part of the hearth are respectively fixedly provided with a left objective table and a right objective table, the charging basket respectively passes through the left objective table, the inner part of the hearth and the right objective table under the action of a power assembly, the combustion chamber is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hearth, the combustor is arranged below the combustion chamber, the air outlet of the hearth is connected with the air inlet of the combustion chamber through a pipeline to form a first air path, another gas outlet of combustion chamber the draught fan and the air purification tower passes through the pipe connection and forms the second gas circuit, be equipped with the valve on the first gas circuit.
Preferably, the bottom of the hearth is fixedly provided with fins.
Preferably, a spiral electric heating pipe is fixedly arranged on the inner surface of the hearth.
Preferably, the power assembly is a cylinder.
Preferably, the valve is a one-way valve.
Preferably, when the furnace door is closed, the furnace door and the hearth are fixedly connected by fastening bolts.
A use method of a material waste cable pyrolysis recycling device,
(1) waste cables are arranged in charging baskets, the charging baskets are pushed into a hearth one by one under the action of a power assembly, and a furnace door is closed;
(2) checking the air tightness of the hearth, then starting a burner, starting an induced draft fan, heating the hearth to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat;
(3) after the pyrolysis gas is generated, opening a valve and introducing the valve into a combustion chamber for combustion;
(4) the processes (2) to (3) were carried out for 3 hours, after which the burner was shut down and the pyrolysed material was removed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis of the cable does not pass through the condenser and is directly introduced into the combustion chamber through the first gas path to combust and heat the hearth in a high-temperature state. The generated flue gas enters the air purification tower through the induced draft fan. The condensation heat loss of the pyrolysis gas is avoided, the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved, and the whole process becomes more economical;
(2) the hearth is made of 304 stainless steel with stronger corrosion resistance. The hearth is internally paved with steel rails for supporting the charging basket to slide. Fins are arranged on the outer wall of the hearth to enhance heat transfer;
(3) the hearth is sealed in a negative pressure and furnace door primary-secondary sealing mode, the negative pressure value in the pyrolysis hearth is adjusted to 10mm water column by the action of an induced draft fan, and a primary-secondary buckle and a fastening bolt are processed on the furnace door and the hearth at the same time, so that the sealing is enhanced (the flow and the wind pressure of the induced draft fan are increased, and the negative pressure value in the hearth is adjusted to 10mm water column, so that the negative pressure value can not only ensure that pyrolysis gas cannot leak, but also basically ensure that external air cannot permeate into the hearth);
(4) the electric heating tubes are spirally and uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the hearth and heat the material by virtue of the heat radiation effect of the electric heating tubes;
(5) the air purification tower is removed by adopting methods of alkali liquor spraying and activated carbon adsorption, and the process is simple and convenient;
(6) pyrolysis gas generated after the cable pyrolysis does not pass through the condenser and is directly introduced into the combustion chamber through the back-burning pipeline to be combusted and heated in the hearth under the high-temperature state. Flue gas in the hearth enters an air purification tower through a draught fan, and the air purification tower absorbs acid gas and other harmful substances in tail gas in a mode of alkali liquor spraying and activated carbon adsorption; the induced draft fan has another function of maintaining a certain pressure difference between the hearth and the combustion chamber, and the existence of the pressure difference can ensure that pyrolysis gas continuously enters the combustion chamber to form stable pyrolysis gas flow;
to sum up, adopt this kind of old and useless cable pyrolysis of goods and materials to retrieve processing apparatus, can reach the purpose of green innocent treatment old and useless wire and cable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pyrolysis recycling device for waste cables;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a furnace of a pyrolysis recycling device for waste cables of materials;
FIG. 3 is a table showing the volume fractions of components of combustible pyrolysis gas at different pyrolysis temperatures of the pyrolysis recycling device for waste cables of materials;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of each component of the pyrolysis gas with temperature of the pyrolysis recycling device for waste cables;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of the calorific value of combustible pyrolysis gas with temperature in the pyrolysis recycling device for waste cables.
In the figure: 1. a power assembly; 2. a charging basket; 3. a hearth; 31. a left stage; 32. a right stage; 33. ribs; 34. an electric heating tube; 35. a furnace door; 4. a combustion chamber; 41. a first gas path; 42. a second gas path; 5. a combustion engine; 6. an induced draft fan; 7. an air purification tower; 8. and (4) a valve.
Detailed Description
To explain the technical content, structural features, attained objects and effects of the present invention in detail, embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention provides an embodiment:
since the thermal decomposition process of the plastic is an endothermic process, corresponding thermal decomposition energy needs to be provided if the plastic needs to be completely decomposed. According to certain research groups in China, 1320kJ of heat is consumed for cracking 1kg of waste polyethylene. According to the calculation, the energy required for cracking 1t of waste plastics is equivalent to the consumption of 45kg of standard coal or 41L of diesel oil. The selected fuel mode is to directly introduce high-temperature pyrolysis gas into the combustion chamber for secondary combustion, and the heat of combustion of the pyrolysis gas is utilized to maintain the temperature of the hearth, so that the full pyrolysis of the materials is ensured. The pyrolysis gas recycling system can reduce the energy consumption of material pyrolysis and avoid physical heat loss in the condensation process of the pyrolysis gas;
the waste cables are firstly loaded in a charging basket, the charging basket is pushed into a pyrolysis furnace chamber one by one through a power assembly, and a furnace door is closed. Then checking the air tightness of the hearth, starting a burner and opening a draught fan, heating the hearth to 600 ℃ at the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat. After the pyrolysis gas is generated, the hot valve is opened and introduced into the combustion chamber for combustion. The whole reaction process lasts for 3h (including a temperature rise stage), and then the burner is shut down, and the pyrolyzed substances are taken out. Pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis of the cable does not pass through the condenser and is directly introduced into the combustion chamber through the first gas path to combust and heat the hearth in a high-temperature state. Flue gas in the hearth enters an air purification tower through a draught fan, and acidic gas and other harmful substances in tail gas are absorbed by the air purification tower in a mode of alkali liquor spraying and activated carbon adsorption. The induced draft fan has another function of maintaining a certain pressure difference between the hearth and the combustion chamber, and the existence of the pressure difference can ensure that pyrolysis gas continuously enters the combustion chamber to form stable pyrolysis gas flow;
the cable gets into by the one end of pyrolysis furnace, exports by the other end again after the pyrolysis is accomplished, and the cable passes from "tunnel", accomplishes the pyrolysis, because the pyrolysis process of old and useless cable requires anaerobic or oxygen deficiency environment, consequently must prevent that the external air from getting into in the furnace, avoids it to destroy the pyrolysis environment, and adopts traditional primary and secondary to detain and the method of fastening bolt strengthens the seal of furnace door, and is unsatisfactory. The reason lies in producing behind the pyrolysis gas, and furnace internal pressure rises suddenly, and the pressure value can exceed the airtight degree of furnace gate, consequently, uses the device of this application, increases the flow and the wind pressure of draught fan, adjusts the negative pressure value in the furnace to 10mm water column, and this negative pressure value both can guarantee that the pyrolysis gas can not leak, also can guarantee that the external air can not permeate in the furnace. The equipment adopts intermittent heating, and the treatment time of each furnace is 70 min;
as shown in figure 2, the two furnace doors are respectively positioned at two sides of the hearth, slide rails are arranged in the hearth, and the charging and discharging processes are conveniently realized by utilizing the sliding of the charging basket.
(1) Pyrolysis gas generated after pyrolysis of the cable does not pass through the condenser and is directly introduced into the combustion chamber through the first gas path to combust and heat the hearth in a high-temperature state. The generated flue gas enters the air purification tower through the induced draft fan. The condensation heat loss of the pyrolysis gas is avoided, the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved, and the whole process becomes more economical.
(2) The hearth is made of 304 stainless steel with stronger corrosion resistance. The hearth is internally paved with steel rails for supporting the charging basket to slide. Fins are arranged on the outer wall of the hearth to enhance heat transfer.
(3) The hearth is sealed in a negative pressure and furnace door primary-secondary sealing mode. The negative pressure value in the hearth is adjusted to 10mm water column by the action of the induced draft fan. Meanwhile, snap fasteners and fastening bolts are processed on the furnace door and the hearth, and sealing is enhanced.
(4) The electric heating tubes are spirally and uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the hearth and heat the cable by virtue of the heat radiation effect of the electric heating tubes. The electric heating pipe is directly arranged in the hearth.
(5) The air purification adopts the methods of alkali liquor spraying and active carbon adsorption to remove, and the process is simple and convenient;
as shown in figure 3, waste electric wires and cables are selected as raw materials, 90% of the waste electric wires and cables are PVC insulated cables, and the waste electric wires and cables are disordered and are not easy to break directly through mechanical equipment. The waste electric wires and cables can be classified into PVC insulated cables and PE insulated cables according to the properties of insulating material polymer. The PE insulating material mainly comprises C, H elements, and the PVC insulating material mainly comprises C, H, Cl, O and other elements. The pyrolysis test of the final temperature of 600 ℃ is carried out on the waste cable by utilizing the principle that the high molecular polymer is thermally decomposed into gas micromolecules, liquid molecules and solid carbon residue at high temperature in an oxygen-free environment. Before the test, the waste cables are directly loaded into a charging basket without pretreatment. And (4) loading the charging basket into a pyrolysis furnace, closing a furnace door, and sealing. Heating the materials to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min and preserving the heat for 2 h. Meanwhile, recording the temperatures of the hearth, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the flue gas outlet in real time; recording the pressure change of the hearth; and observing the generation time, the combustion time and the temperature change in the combustion furnace chamber after combustion through the peephole. And after pyrolysis is finished, analyzing the components of the pyrolysis gas, analyzing the components of the solid carbon residue, weighing the mass of the residual solid, and calculating the gasification rate. The temperature of the materials in the road paving is an important parameter for controlling the pyrolysis reaction;
the total test time is 3 hours, and the temperature curve can be divided into 4 stages:
(1) the first phase was from the start of the experiment to the end of point a, about 1 h. This stage is an additional burner warm-up stage. The diesel oil burner heats the combustion chamber to 600 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min under the control of a temperature control program, and then keeps the temperature. Because the hearth is indirectly heated, the temperature rise rate is less than 10 ℃/min. When the curve reaches the point A, the heating rate of the hearth is slowed down along with the stop of the heating and the temperature rise of the additional burner.
(2) The second phase ends from point a to point B. In the stage, the temperature rise of the pyrolysis hearth is mainly carried out by the temperature difference between the hearth and the combustion chamber because the additional burner stops rising the temperature, so that the temperature rise rate of the hearth is reduced. From point a to point B, about 1/2h was experienced.
(3) The third stage ends from point B to point C. During this phase, the rate of temperature rise in the pyrolysis furnace increases abruptly and then stabilizes, as a result of the secondary combustion of the pyrolysis gas. And the point B is the time point when the combustible pyrolysis gas starts to be generated. The secondary combustion of the pyrolysis gas in the combustion chamber directly heats the combustion chamber and indirectly heats the hearth in the form of heat conduction and convection heat exchange.
(4) The fourth stage is from point C to the end of the experiment. At this stage, the pyrolysis furnace temperature exhibits a downward trend.
Organic matters in the waste cable can generate three aggregated-state products of solid, liquid and gas through a series of complex physical and chemical actions in the pyrolysis process, and the pyrolysis products can be respectively recycled according to different properties. The power of organic matter decomposition comes from the improvement of molecular activity of reactants after being heated, active molecules cannot be bound by inherent chemical bonds of the reactants to cause the breakage of the chemical bonds, the yield of each phase product of the waste cable is analyzed by the section of the generated medium and small molecular substances, and the total yield of solid products and the total yield of gaseous products can be calculated to indicate that the yield of solid products of the waste cable pyrolysis is 69-72%, so that the yield of high-temperature pyrolysis gas is 25.2-27.9%, and the average value is 26.6%. The factors affecting the yield of pyrolysis gas of the plastic cable are basically the same as those affecting the yield of pyrolysis solids, so in the present experiment, the most significant factor is the composition of the material.
The waste cable pyrolysis gas is divided into combustible gas and non-combustible gas. In the initial stage of gas production by pyrolysis, the pyrolysis gas is not combustible. The pyrolysis gas is generated at the temperature of 200 ℃ in the hearth, the PH value is acidic, and most of the pyrolysis gas is HCL gas through detection. When the temperature of the hearth of the combustible pyrolysis gas reaches 380 ℃, the main component of the combustible pyrolysis gas is hydrocarbon. The rule basically accords with the pyrolysis characteristic of polyvinyl chloride, namely, dehydrochlorination reaction is carried out at the initial stage of the reaction, and when the temperature is raised to about 380 ℃, C-C bond breakage is carried out to generate aliphatic hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon. From the above analysis, no matter what the mixing ratio of the PVC cable and the PE cable in the cable is, the basic rule of the pyrolysis gas production is unchanged, namely, the dehydrochlorination reaction of the PVC insulating material is mainly used in the first stage; and in the second stage, hydrocarbon is generated for the decomposition of the PE material and the PVC residues.
The combustible pyrolysis gas is high-temperature pyrolysis gas which is generated by pyrolysis of the waste cable and can be combusted secondarily when the pyrolysis temperature is higher than 380 ℃. High temperatures are an energy source for the pyrolysis of organic matter, and therefore the temperature also significantly affects the composition of the combustible pyrolysis gas. Generally, the higher the temperature, the more favorable the production of small molecule species.
The composition of combustible pyrolysis gas can be divided into several types: (1) CO, CO2(ii) a The two substances are mainly products formed by combining C element and O in the decomposition process of organic matters, and in the test, the main source of the O element is a plasticizer TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) in the insulating material; (2) h2(ii) a The content of hydrogen in pyrolysis gas is low, and the hydrogen can be separated out at high temperature, which is considered as the result of secondary reaction of pyrolysis intermediate products; (3) c1～C4Small molecular hydrocarbon, including saturated alkane, unsaturated alkene, etc., generally has higher content when the pyrolysis temperature reaches over 500 ℃; (4) c5～C7Hydrocarbons, including molecules of alkane, cycloalkane, benzene substitutes, etc., are generally intermediates of pyrolysis processes, and are produced during pyrolysis temperatures of 400 ℃ to 500 ℃. And collecting combustible pyrolysis gas samples by using aluminum plastic film high-temperature-resistant sampling bags at the furnace temperature of 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃ and 550 ℃ respectively, and carrying out component analysis. The composition of the combustible pyrolysis gas at four different temperatures is shown in figure 4;
CH4and CnHm is the main component of combustible pyrolysis gas;
CnHm is the component with the highest content in the combustible pyrolysis gas, and shows a slow descending trend along with the change of temperature. The volume fraction of CnHm decreased by 7.4% during the temperature increase from 400 to 550 ℃. And CH4The volume of the gas in the combustible pyrolysis gas is continuously increased along with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, and the volume fraction of the gas reaches 39.5 percent at 550 ℃, which is nearly doubled compared with that at 400 ℃. The volume fraction of CO initially shows a small increase and then a slow decrease, at 450 ℃ the volume of COThe score reaches a maximum. CO 22The volume fraction of the gas decreases rapidly with increasing pyrolysis temperature, decreasing to 6.7% at 550 ℃ and about 71% less than at 400 ℃. The volume fraction of H2 in the combustible pyrolysis gas is smaller, and a small amount of H2 is separated out at 500 ℃, and the H2 accounts for 3-4%. It is generally believed that H is present in the pyrolysis gas2The content of (A) is relatively small, and the precipitate can be separated out only at high temperature (above 500 ℃).
Meanwhile, the rule of the change of the calorific value of the combustible pyrolysis gas along with the temperature is shown in figure 5 through analysis;
by combining the figures 3-5, it can be seen that the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas is basically unchanged, and the minor change in the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas mainly affects the ratio of combustible gas to non-combustible gas in the pyrolysis gas. Since the secondary cracking of the intermediate product is accelerated at 550 ℃, the CnHm concentration is reduced and the calorific value of the combustible gas is also slightly decreased.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a processing apparatus is retrieved in old and useless cable pyrolysis of goods and materials which characterized in that: including power component (1), a plurality of charging basket (2), furnace (3), combustion chamber (4), combustor (5), draught fan (6) and air purification tower (7), furnace (3) about both ends articulate respectively have furnace gate (35), the left side portion and the right side part of furnace (3) are fixed respectively and are equipped with left objective table (31) and right objective table (32), charging basket (2) pass through respectively under the effect of power component (1) left side objective table (31), the inside of furnace (3) and right objective table (32), combustion chamber (4) are fixed to be set up the bottom of furnace (3), combustor (5) set up the below of combustion chamber (4), the gas outlet of furnace (3) with the air inlet of combustion chamber (4) passes through pipe connection and forms first gas circuit (41), another gas outlet, the draught fan (32) of combustion chamber (4), Draught fan (6) and air purification tower (7) pass through the pipe connection and form second gas circuit (42), be equipped with valve (8) on first gas circuit (41).
2. The pyrolysis recycling and disposal device for the waste cables of the materials according to claim 1, wherein: fins (33) are fixedly arranged at the bottom of the hearth (3).
3. The pyrolysis recycling and disposal device for the waste cables of the materials according to claim 1, wherein: the inner surface of the hearth (3) is fixedly provided with a spiral electric heating tube (34).
4. The pyrolysis recycling and disposal device for the waste cables of the materials according to claim 1, wherein: the power assembly (1) is a cylinder.
5. The pyrolysis recycling and disposal device for the waste cables of the materials according to claim 1, wherein: the valve (8) is a one-way valve.
6. The pyrolysis recycling and disposal device for the waste cables of the materials according to claim 1, wherein: when the furnace door (35) is closed, the furnace door (35) and the hearth (3) are fixedly connected by fastening bolts.
7. The use method of the pyrolysis recycling device for the waste cables of the materials in claim 1 is characterized in that:
(1) waste cables are arranged in the charging baskets (2), the charging baskets (2) are pushed into the hearth (3) one by one under the action of the power assembly (1), and the furnace door (35) is closed;
(2) checking the air tightness of the hearth (3), then starting a burner (5), opening an induced draft fan (6), heating the hearth (3) to 600 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min, and preserving heat;
(3) after the pyrolysis gas is generated, opening a valve (8) and introducing the valve into a combustion chamber (4) for combustion;
(4) the processes (2) to (3) are carried out for 3 hours, after which the burner (5) is shut down and the pyrolysed material is removed.
CN202010801689.3A 2020-08-11 2020-08-11 Material waste cable pyrolysis recycling and disposal device and using method thereof Pending CN111895413A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511194A (en) * 1968-03-25 1970-05-12 Torrax Systems Method and apparatus for high temperature waste disposal
CN101463257A (en) * 2009-01-16 2009-06-24 天津大学 Tunnel type pyrolysis gasifying device and pyrolysis gasification method
CN104498720A (en) * 2014-12-16 2015-04-08 江苏百茂源环保科技有限公司 Pyrolyzing and resource recovery system for noble metals
CN207162549U (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-03-30 上海弘崴环保科技有限公司 A kind of refuse pyrolysis gasification combustion furnace
CN208418705U (en) * 2018-07-10 2019-01-22 广东绿晟环保股份有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis installation

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3511194A (en) * 1968-03-25 1970-05-12 Torrax Systems Method and apparatus for high temperature waste disposal
CN101463257A (en) * 2009-01-16 2009-06-24 天津大学 Tunnel type pyrolysis gasifying device and pyrolysis gasification method
CN104498720A (en) * 2014-12-16 2015-04-08 江苏百茂源环保科技有限公司 Pyrolyzing and resource recovery system for noble metals
CN207162549U (en) * 2017-06-27 2018-03-30 上海弘崴环保科技有限公司 A kind of refuse pyrolysis gasification combustion furnace
CN208418705U (en) * 2018-07-10 2019-01-22 广东绿晟环保股份有限公司 A kind of pyrolysis installation

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