CN111884644B - Parallel RF MEMS switch based on structure ultra-slip - Google Patents

Parallel RF MEMS switch based on structure ultra-slip Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111884644B
CN111884644B CN202010596400.9A CN202010596400A CN111884644B CN 111884644 B CN111884644 B CN 111884644B CN 202010596400 A CN202010596400 A CN 202010596400A CN 111884644 B CN111884644 B CN 111884644B
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insulating layer
sliding
parallel
driving
mems switch
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CN111884644A (en
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郑泉水
吴章辉
向小健
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Tsinghua University
Shenzhen Research Institute Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
Shenzhen Research Institute Tsinghua University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/96Touch switches

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Abstract

The invention provides a parallel RF-MEMS switch, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a substrate, a driving part, an insulating layer and a sliding part, wherein the driving part is arranged in the substrate, and is level with the surface of the substrate and keeps level with nanometer level; the sliding part is provided with a charging dielectric layer and an atomically flat ultra-sliding surface, is contacted with the insulating layer through the ultra-sliding surface and is arranged on the insulating layer; the sliding part can be driven to slide in the horizontal direction in the plane, and the switch is realized by adjusting the overlapping and separating of the driving part and the sliding part in the vertical plane.

Description

Parallel RF MEMS switch based on structure ultra-slip
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency micro-electromechanical system switches (RF MEMS SWITCH), and particularly relates to a parallel RF MEMS switch based on structure ultra-sliding.
Background
With the development of radar and wireless communication technologies, small-sized, low-power-consumption, high-performance and multifunctional radio frequency devices have become a development trend in the radio field, and the radio frequency devices have been developed toward miniaturization and integration, and MEMS switches have been developed, and RF MEMS switches have gradually replaced conventional GaAs FET switches and have become a development direction of radio frequency switches (RF switches). Compared with the traditional switch, the RF MEMS switch has the advantages of lower insertion loss, higher isolation, better linearity, lower power consumption, smaller volume and the like, can be easily integrated with an IC circuit, and has wide application prospect. Currently, the existing RF MEMS switch mainly has several driving modes, such as an electrostatic driving mechanism, a thermal driving mechanism, an electromagnetic driving mechanism, and a piezoelectric driving mechanism.
The RF MEMS electrostatic switch, which is a basic electronic component, has characteristics of low power consumption, low insertion loss, low crosstalk, high isolation, high linearity, etc., as compared with the conventional P-I-N diode switch and FET field effect thyristor switch, and is considered as one of the most important MEMS devices. In particular, with the rapid development of 5G communication systems, radar systems, satellite communication systems, and high performance radio frequency chip systems in recent years, industry has put higher demands on power consumption, reliability, isolation, linearity, power handling capability, etc. of the underlying RF radio frequency switching devices, for example, an LTE-a antenna switch with carrier aggregation function in a 5G system must meet the requirement of iip3=90 dBm, and an RF-MEMS radio frequency switch is the only switch capable of achieving iip3>90 dBm. Since conventional solid-state semiconductor switches (P-I-N and FETs) rely on the presence of doped carrier conduction and contact barriers, the switches exhibit a poor quality factor (Ron x Coff) and have leakage currents in the off state, which severely affects the insertion loss, isolation, linearity of the switch, making such switches unsuitable for switching of high frequency radio frequency signals. The RF MEMS electrostatic switch conducts radio frequency signals by means of mechanical contact, and physical isolation exists between signal wires, so that the RF MEMS electrostatic switch has low power consumption (nj), low insertion loss, high isolation and linearity, and can greatly reduce the energy consumption and cost of a wireless communication system, a radar detection system and a satellite system, improve the fidelity of radio frequency signal transmission and remarkably improve the comprehensive performance of the system. The development and application of the system have become key technologies of advanced electronic equipment such as a wireless communication (5G) system, a radar system, a satellite system and the like.
Although RF MEMS electrostatic switches have many advantages over widely used semiconductor RF switches, the mechanical contact on-off approach presents serious reliability problems. The contact or insulating layer of the RF MEMS electrostatic switch is easy to damage in high-speed collision, so that on-resistance is increased, stronger thermal effect is caused, the device is invalid, meanwhile, the damage of the insulating layer can aggravate accumulation of surface charges, and when the charge accumulation amount exceeds a critical value, the switch is invalid due to self-electrostatic adsorption; arc discharge of the contact at the moment of disconnection can cause melting of contact materials, so that contact resistance is remarkably increased and even the contact is directly adhered to a conducting wire; when high-energy power passes through the switch, enough electrostatic force is coupled between the upper contact and the lower contact or the polar plate, so that the switch is self-locking and attracted, the processing power of the RF MEMS electrostatic switch is generally below 1W, and the semiconductor switch can reach 1-10W. The service life of the RF MEMS electrostatic switch is more than two orders of magnitude lower than that of a traditional semiconductor switch. In addition, the standard voltage used in the IC integrated circuit system is lower than 5V, and the driving voltage of the RF MEMS electrostatic switch is generally between 10V and 80V, which is one of the reasons why the RF-MEMS electrostatic switch is rarely used in the wireless communication system of the mobile phone. In summary, the improvement of the power processing capability, the reduction of the driving voltage and the improvement of the reliability are critical issues in the further development of the RF-MEMS electrostatic switch.
The structure super-slip technology researches on the phenomenon of friction-free and abrasion-free slip between two or the same materials, and the initial research is limited to the phenomenon of super-slip on the nanometer scale, such as super-slip between multi-arm coaxial carbon nanotubes, super-slip between a nano probe and a two-dimensional material, and the like. In 2013, zheng Quanshui taught the first discovery of the phenomenon of ultraslip between HOPG (Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite) sheets of material on the micrometer scale, which marks the transition of ultraslip from basic research to applicable technical research procedures. According to the structure super-sliding principle, the invention provides a parallel RF MEMS switch based on mechanism super-sliding, which can reduce driving voltage and greatly improve service life and power processing capability of the switch.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a parallel RF MEMS switch based on structure super-sliding by utilizing low friction and no abrasion surface sliding motion between a super-sliding structure and a flat heterogeneous material. When a driving voltage is applied between the driving parts, the driving parts carry positive and negative opposite charges, the sliding parts with the charging medium layers slide onto the driving parts with the opposite charges under the action of the charges, and at the moment, a large capacitance is formed between the driving parts and the sliding parts, radio frequency signals are almost totally reflected, and transmission is cut off; when a reverse driving voltage is applied between the driving parts, positive charges and negative charges carried by the driving parts are exchanged, the sliding part slides onto the other driving part under the action of the charges, at the moment, the front driving part and the sliding part have no opposite area in the vertical direction, the capacitance is small, and the radio frequency signal can realize basically lossless transmission.
Specifically, the parallel RF-MEMS switch provided by the invention is realized by the following scheme:
The parallel RF-MEMS switch comprises a substrate, a driving part, an insulating layer and a sliding part, wherein the driving part is arranged in the substrate, is level with the surface of the substrate and keeps level at a nanometer level; the sliding part is provided with a charging dielectric layer and an atomically flat ultra-sliding surface, is contacted with the insulating layer through the ultra-sliding surface and is arranged on the insulating layer; the sliding part can be driven to slide in the horizontal direction in the plane, the relative position of the sliding part and the driving part can be changed, and the switch is realized by adjusting the overlapping and separating of the driving part and the sliding part in the vertical plane.
Further, the driving part includes a plurality of driving parts, and preferably, the driving part includes a first driving part and a second driving part.
Further, the driving part includes a driving electrode.
Further, the sliding member includes a dielectric layer and a graphite layer having an ultra-slip surface, and more preferably the graphite layer is HOPG.
Further, the substrate is selected from an insulating material or a semiconductor material.
Further, the semiconductor material is preferably a high group silicon; the insulating material is preferably selected from SiO2, siC, sapphire, mica and the like.
Further, the insulating layer is preferably a silicon oxide layer.
Further, the thickness of the insulating layer is nano-scale.
Further, the thickness of the insulating layer is preferably 2 to 50 nm.
Further, the driving means for driving the sliding member to slide in the horizontal direction in the plane is a charge driving.
The invention utilizes a sandwich structure which sequentially comprises a driving part, an insulating layer and a sliding part with a charging medium layer from bottom to top to realize the abrasion-free sliding of the sliding part with extremely low friction force in the plane of the surface of the flat insulating layer; when in the disconnected state, the capacitance between the sliding part and the driving part is extremely small, so that radio frequency signals have little loss; when in the closed state, the sliding part and the driving part form a larger capacitor due to the insulating layer with the nano-scale thickness, and the radio frequency signals are totally reflected. The on-off of the radio frequency switch can be controlled by setting a voltage control time sequence. Therefore, the invention has extremely low friction force and no abrasion, can realize lower driving voltage, extremely long service life and power processing capability, is hopeful to break through a main obstacle restricting the service life of the RFMEMS electrostatic switch, promotes the practical process, and promotes the spanning development of the research of electronic equipment such as a domestic wireless communication system (5G), a high-performance phased array radar, a satellite communication system and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the on state of a parallel RF-MEMS switch of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the on state of the shunt RF-MEMS switch of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the blocking state of the parallel RF-MEMS switch of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the blocking state of the shunt RF-MEMS switch of the present application;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a substrate with parallel RF-MEMS embedded drive electrodes of the present application.
Reference numerals: the high-voltage power amplifier comprises an HOPG super slip sheet, an insulating layer, a substrate, a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode and a charging medium layer, wherein the HOPG super slip sheet is arranged on the substrate, the insulating layer is arranged on the substrate, the first driving electrode is arranged on the substrate, the second driving electrode is arranged on the substrate, and the charging medium layer is arranged on the substrate.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the super-slip sheet is a part of a super-slip pair in the prior art, the friction force between two contact super-slip surfaces of the existing super-slip pair is almost zero during relative sliding, the friction coefficient is smaller than one thousandth, and the abrasion is zero.
As shown in fig. 1, the parallel RF-MEMS switch is composed of a high-resistance silicon substrate 3, a first driving electrode 4, a second driving electrode 5, a nanoscale insulating layer 2, an HOPG super-slip sheet 1, and a positively charged dielectric layer 6. The first drive electrode 4 and the second drive electrode 5 are embedded in the substrate 3; the surfaces of the substrate 3, the first driving electrode 4 and the second driving electrode 5 are flush and kept nanoscale flat; the insulating layer 2 covers the first driving electrode 4 and the second driving electrode 5, is used for insulating the HOPG super-slip sheet from the first driving electrode 4 and the second driving electrode 5, and the thickness of the insulating layer 2 is controlled between 2nm and 50nm, and the gap is used for ensuring smaller excitation voltage. The HOPG super-slip sheet with the charging medium layer 6 is placed on the insulating layer, and forms a super-slip contact pair with the insulating layer 2, the initial position of the super-slip contact pair is opposite to the first driving electrode 4, and a certain amount of charges are charged in the charging medium layer 6. Because the HOPG super-slip sheet 1 with the charging medium layer has an atomically flat super-slip surface, the HOPG super-slip sheet can slide on the surface of the insulating layer 2 with extremely low friction without abrasion, and meanwhile, adhesion failure caused by charge accumulation on an electrode can be avoided, and the super-long service life can be realized.
The workflow of the parallel RF-MEMS switch is as follows: in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the radio frequency switch is in an on state, and at this time, there is no overlapping area between the HOPG super slip sheet 1 with the positive charge medium layer 6 and the second driving electrode 5 in the vertical direction, the capacitance is near zero, and the radio frequency signal can completely pass through without reflection loss. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, when a driving voltage is applied between the first driving electrode 4 and the second driving electrode 5, the first driving electrode 4 is positively charged, the second driving electrode 5 is negatively charged, and at this time, the HOPG super-sliding sheet 1 slides leftwards to the upper side of the first driving electrode 5 under the attractive force of the charges, and as the thickness of the insulating layer 2 is nano-scale, a larger capacitance is formed between the HOPG super-sliding sheet 1 and the second driving electrode 5, the radio frequency signal is completely reflected, and the transmission is cut off. When a reverse voltage is applied between the first driving electrode 4 and the second driving electrode 5, the first driving electrode 4 is negatively charged, the second driving electrode 5 is positively charged, at this time, the HOPG super-sliding sheet 1 slides to the upper side of the first driving electrode 4 by the charge attractive force of the right direction in the horizontal direction, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, at this time, the second driving electrode 5 and the HOPG super-sliding sheet 1 have no opposite area in the vertical direction, the capacitance is close to zero, and the radio frequency signal can pass through without loss.
Other embodiments can realize in-plane continuous sliding of the HOPG super-slip sheet by adjusting the number and arrangement of the driving electrodes and the dimension of the HOPG super-slip sheet.
The above description is merely of preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but all equivalent modifications or variations according to the present disclosure will be within the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A parallel RF MEMS switch comprising a substrate, a drive member, an insulating layer, and a slider member, characterized in that: the driving component is arranged in the substrate, is flush with the surface of the substrate, and at least comprises a first driving component and a second driving component, wherein the driving component is a driving electrode; the sliding part is provided with a charging medium layer, the inside of the charging medium layer is provided with positive charges and an ultra-sliding surface, the sliding part is contacted with the insulating layer through the ultra-sliding surface and is arranged on the insulating layer, and the thickness of the insulating layer is 1-100 nanometers; the sliding part can be driven to slide on the insulating layer under the drive of electric charges and can change the relative positions of the sliding part and the driving part, and when the sliding part is in a disconnected state, the capacitance between the sliding part and the driving part is extremely small, so that radio frequency signals are hardly lost; when in the closed state, the sliding component and the driving component form a large capacitance, and the radio frequency signal is completely reflected.
2. The parallel RF MEMS switch, as recited in claim 1, wherein: the sliding member further includes a graphite layer having an ultra-slip surface.
3. The parallel RF MEMS switch, as recited in claim 2, wherein: the graphite layer is HOPG.
4. The parallel RF MEMS switch, as recited in claim 1, wherein: the substrate is selected from an insulating material or a semiconductor material.
5. The parallel RF MEMS switch, as recited in claim 4, wherein: the semiconductor material is high-resistance silicon; the insulating material is SiO 2, siC, sapphire or mica.
6. The parallel RF MEMS switch, as recited in any of claims 1-5, wherein: the insulating layer is a silicon oxide layer.
7. The parallel RF MEMS switch, as recited in any of claims 1-5, wherein: the insulating layer has an atomically smooth surface, and the thickness of the insulating layer is 2-50 nanometers.
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CN112645280A (en) * 2020-12-30 2021-04-13 深圳清华大学研究院 Processing technology of radio frequency switch
CN114873555A (en) * 2022-04-11 2022-08-09 北京大学 Method and device for modulating friction force between super-lubrication interfaces
CN115798949A (en) * 2022-12-09 2023-03-14 深圳清华大学研究院 RF MEMS switch and electronic equipment

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