CN111879277A - Double-spiral gear symmetry measuring method based on CNC gear measuring center - Google Patents
Double-spiral gear symmetry measuring method based on CNC gear measuring center Download PDFInfo
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- CN111879277A CN111879277A CN202010705118.XA CN202010705118A CN111879277A CN 111879277 A CN111879277 A CN 111879277A CN 202010705118 A CN202010705118 A CN 202010705118A CN 111879277 A CN111879277 A CN 111879277A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B21/26—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing wheel alignment
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of gear measuring devices and methods, in particular to a double-helix gear symmetry degree measuring method based on a CNC gear measuring center. Compared with the method for controlling the symmetry degree of the double-helix gear by the gear processing angle in the prior art, the method for measuring the double-helix gear contact line by the CNC gear measuring center adopts a direct method to measure the double-helix gear contact line, can realize the measurement of the double-helix gear symmetry degree error by researching the characteristics of the double-helix gear during transmission and starting from the aspects of gear engagement and the performance of the gear in the using process, and makes contribution to the research of the gear service performance.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of gear measuring devices and methods, in particular to a double-helix gear symmetry degree measuring method based on a CNC gear measuring center.
Background art:
the double helical gear (also called herringbone gear) is formed by connecting two end faces of two helical cylindrical gears with equal helical angles and opposite directions. The symmetry degree of gear teeth on two sides of the double-spiral gear (the symmetry degree of the double-spiral gear is called as the symmetry degree of the double-spiral gear for short) is a specific geometric error and has the greatest influence on the characteristic of counteracting the axial force. The symmetry degree of the double-spiral gear means that the left and right gears are completely symmetrical about a central section theoretically, namely the intersection point of the extension lines of the two tooth grooves of the left and right gears is positioned on the central plane of the two positioning end faces of the gears. The symmetry error of the double-helix gear is a main factor influencing the operation stability of the gear pair, generating vibration and noise and reducing the bearing capacity. Therefore, the method is particularly important for detecting and evaluating the symmetry degree of the double-spiral gear.
In the current technology for measuring the symmetry error of the double-helix gear, the trefoil proposes to convert the symmetry error of the gear teeth on two sides into points on the tooth surface which are symmetrical about a central section, namely, the middle point of the connecting line of two corresponding points on any angle of the tooth surfaces on the inner sides (or the outer sides) of the left and right-handed gears is equal to a tolerance value t in distance and is symmetrical between two parallel planes of a reference plane (the central section). The problems with this approach are: the heights of corresponding points on the left and right rotating tooth surfaces are difficult to control, and errors are introduced in the process of selecting the same height point, so that the accuracy of a measuring result is low; in order to determine the measuring point with the same height, the coordinates of the touch point need to be updated repeatedly, so the measuring efficiency is low. The symmetry error of the double-helix gear can be evaluated by measuring the offset error of the intersection point of the helix lines of the left and right rotating tooth surfaces of the double-helix gear to the same side relative to the nominal position (central section) in Zhao Chunhua. The method is based on an online multi-degree-of-freedom gear phase detection device, the position of the symmetrical center line of the tooth socket of the double-spiral gear is measured, and automatic detection of the phase error amount of the symmetrical center line of the tooth socket at the symmetrical positions of the left and right gear teeth of the double-spiral gear is achieved. And then the symmetry error of the double-helix gear is measured, the automatic compensation of the error amount is realized in the machining process, and the control of the symmetry deviation is realized. The problems of the method are that: the symmetry deviation of the gear can be controlled only in the process of machining the gear, and the machined gear cannot be measured on other equipment; when the tooth grooves at the equal height positions are controlled, a plurality of height values need to be measured, so that errors are introduced, and the measurement speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-helix gear symmetry degree measuring method based on a CNC gear measuring center, and aims to solve the problems that accidental errors are introduced when corresponding points are manually found in a touch measuring process, and the symmetry degree errors are controlled from the angle of gear machining tool setting, so that the use performance of a gear pair in transmission cannot be reflected in the prior art.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention provides a double-helix gear symmetry degree measuring method based on a CNC gear measuring center, which comprises the following steps:
1) installing a gear to be measured on a rotary worktable of a gear measurement center, and starting the gear measurement center;
2) adjusting the measuring head to move to the middle of the tooth width;
3) the measuring head collects the position coordinates of the left tooth surface contact line of the No. 1 tooth;
4) after the rotating table rotates for an angle in the theta axis direction, the measuring head continues to enter the tooth socket and touches and measures the right side tooth surface contact line of the No. 1 tooth, and thus the measurement of the tooth surface contact line of the first tooth is finished;
5) the rotary table drives the gear to move to the next tooth surface to be measured, and the steps 3) and 4) are repeated until all the teeth are detected;
6) and calculating the deviation value of the intersection point position of the two fitted straight lines from the central section by combining the basic parameters of the gear to be measured, namely the symmetry degree of the double-spiral gear to be measured.
The specific implementation method of the step 6) is as follows:
6-1) calculating an equation of a left-handed helical gear tooth surface contact line position coordinate fitting straight line AA and an equation of a right-handed helical gear tooth surface contact line position coordinate fitting straight line BB;
6-2) simultaneously establishing the two linear equations to calculate the coordinate of the intersection point O, and calculating the deviation of the point O from the central plane P, namely the symmetry error of a single gear tooth of the measured double-spiral gear;
6-3) repeating the steps 6-1 and 6-2, calculating the single gear tooth symmetry error of all gear teeth, and evaluating the symmetry error delta T of the tested gearh。
Compared with the method for controlling the symmetry degree of the double-helix gear by the angle of gear processing in the prior art, the method for measuring the double-helix gear symmetry degree error by the CNC gear measuring center by adopting the direct method can realize the measurement of the double-helix gear symmetry degree error by researching the characteristics of the double-helix gear during transmission and starting from the aspects of gear meshing and the performance of the gear in the using process, and contributes to the research of the service performance of the gear.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method realizes automatic and high-precision measurement of the symmetry degree of the double-helix gear based on the CNC gear measurement center, and compared with the traditional method for manually and simply building a platform and manually determining the position of a corresponding point, the method realizes automatic determination of the measured characteristic, improves the measurement precision and the measurement efficiency, and provides a new way for the measurement of the symmetry degree of the double-helix gear.
2. The measurement precision and the automation degree are improved. The axial forces are mutually offset when the double-helix gear is in transmission, so that the characteristics of stable transmission, low noise and the like are considered. Therefore, the transmission performance of the double-helix gear can be better reflected by researching the symmetry degree from the angle of gear meshing.
3. The invention provides a new method for calculating and obtaining a symmetry error by measuring position coordinates of contact lines, which measures the symmetry of each tooth of a gear from a gear meshing angle and reflects the change of the symmetry when the gear rotates for a circle, thereby obtaining the radial run-out amount in the actual operation process of a gear pair and further analyzing the source of vibration when the gear pair operates.
4. The invention provides an implementation method for better utilizing the advantages of double-spiral gear transmission from the angle of gear transmission. The vibration of the gear transmission system in work is one of the sources of noise generated by most mechanical devices, and the double-helix gear is used as a main component of the naval vessel transmission system, so that the vibration reduction and the noise reduction have important significance.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of symmetry definition and error calculation proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of symmetry error measurement features proposed by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the double helical gear symmetry error measurement of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a double helical gear symmetry error measuring apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a prior art double helical gear symmetry diagram;
the reference numerals are explained below:
1-base cylinder 2-base circle tangent plane 3-contact line 4-measuring head.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in the prior art: the treebi and hinting propose to convert the symmetry error of the gear teeth on two sides into points on the tooth surface which are symmetrical about a central section, namely, the middle point of the connecting line of two corresponding points on any angle of the tooth surfaces on the inner sides (or the outer sides) of the left and right rotating gears is equal to the tolerance value t in distance and is symmetrical between two parallel planes of a reference plane (central section). As shown in FIG. 1, the distance from point C to the center cross-section is Δ ThThen the error of symmetry is 2 Δ Th. Selecting a three-coordinate measuring machine, establishing a polar coordinate system by taking the central section of the gear as a measuring reference and the center of the revolving body as the origin of the coordinate system, selecting corresponding tooth surfaces, respectively fixing the polar radius and the height on the left and right tooth surfaces to detect corresponding points, obtaining the polar angle deviation of the two points, and converting the polar angle deviation into a symmetry error through a spiral angle beta, wherein the existence of the deviation is a main factor causing the asymmetry of the tooth surfaces.
The symmetry error of the double-helix gear can be evaluated by measuring the offset error of the intersection point of the helix lines of the left and right rotating tooth surfaces of the double-helix gear to the same side relative to the nominal position (central section) in Zhao Chunhua. The method is based on an online multi-degree-of-freedom gear phase detection device, the position of the symmetrical center line of the tooth socket of the double-spiral gear is measured, and automatic detection of the phase error amount of the symmetrical center line of the tooth socket at the symmetrical positions of the left and right gear teeth of the double-spiral gear is achieved. And then the symmetry error of the double-helix gear is measured, the automatic compensation of the error amount is realized in the machining process, and the control of the symmetry deviation is realized. And controlling the measuring head to enter the tooth groove of the left-handed gear by the numerical control program to finish the detection of the left tooth groove and the right tooth surface of one tooth groove, and calculating the phase of the symmetrical central plane of the tooth groove of the left-handed gear according to the detection data. And controlling the measuring head to enter the right-handed tooth groove at the symmetrical equal-height position, measuring two tooth surfaces of the tooth groove, and recording phase data of a symmetrical central plane of the right-handed tooth groove. And calculating two groups of phase error quantities to obtain the symmetry error.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a CNC gear measuring center is used for measuring double-spiral gear contact lines by adopting a direct method so as to obtain symmetry error of the double-spiral gear contact lines, and the design principle is described as follows:
(1) measured feature transformation and symmetry definition
Theoretically, gear teeth on two sides of the double-spiral gear are symmetrical about a central section, namely contact lines of the same-side tooth surfaces of the left-hand gear and the right-hand gear are also symmetrical about the central section, so that axial forces on two sides are mutually offset when the gears are meshed, and the transmission is stable. As shown in fig. 5. The theoretical intersection point of the contact lines on the corresponding side tooth surfaces of the left and right helical gears is located on a gear reference plane (central section), and the actual intersection point 0 is an off-central section due to symmetry error. As shown in FIG. 5, the distance Δ T between the actual intersection point and the center cross-sectionhNamely the symmetry error of the double helical gear.
Therefore, the invention can convert the measured elements into contact lines on the corresponding tooth surfaces of the gear teeth on two sides. Calculating the deviation distance delta T between the intersection point of the extension lines of the contact lines of the tooth surfaces on the same side of the gear teeth on two sides and the central sectionhAnd the symmetry error of the gear teeth on the two sides of the double-spiral gear can be measured. If all the intersection points deviate from the central section by Delta ThAnd if the measured gear is less than or equal to t/2(t is a tolerance value), the measured gear meets the requirement of symmetry.
(2) Measurement principle and measurement device
The method of measuring the gear contact line is generally a direct method. The double-helix gear contact line refers to the track of ideal and non-deformable engaged gear tooth surface at an instant point, and is positioned in the tangent plane of a gear base cylinder to form a base circle helix angle beta with a base cylinder generatrixbIs measured. If in the tangent plane of the base cylinder, the straight line direction formed by the movement of a certain point and the gear axis form a base circle helix angle betabI.e. in line with the gear contact line, the movement of the point in the measurement is the movement of the feeler.
According to the above analysis, it is necessary to measure the position coordinates of the contact line on the tooth surface, and it is necessary to have a multi-directional movement probe and a highly automated detectionThe equipment, so choose CNC gear measurement center to adopt the direct method to measure the contact line, the measurement principle is as shown in figure 3. The gear is fixed and does not rotate by taking the axis of the gear to be measured as the reference, is positioned in the tangent plane 2 of the base cylinder and forms beta with the generatrix of the base cylinder 1bThe straight line of the angle is the contact line 3. And (3) enabling the measuring head 4 to contact with the tooth surface point by point along the tooth surface contact line, recording the actual coordinates of the measuring points, measuring the actual coordinates of the other side tooth surface contact line by using the same method, and calculating the deviation value of the intersection point position of the two fitted straight lines from the central section.
(3) Determining a measurement reference
The CNC gear measuring center measuring head can realize movement in three directions, namely the R-axis direction (the radial direction of the gear), the T-axis direction (the tangential direction of the circumference of the gear) and the Z-axis direction (the axial direction of the gear). The gear axial line and the lower end surface intersection point are used as coordinate origin points, and the space rectangular coordinate system in the three directions is established to achieve the measuring purpose. The rotary motion of the gear to be measured around the axis is realized by a rotary worktable of a gear measuring center and is recorded as the direction of the theta axis.
Based on the design principle, the invention provides a double-spiral gear symmetry degree measuring method based on a CNC gear measuring center, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) mounting the gear to be measured on a rotary worktable of the gear measurement center, and starting the gear measurement center.
2) And adjusting the measuring head to move to the middle of the tooth width.
3) As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the measuring head first collects the position coordinates of the left tooth surface contact line of the number 1 tooth of the left-handed helical gear. And similarly, collecting the position coordinates of the left tooth surface contact line of the No. 1 tooth of the right-handed helical gear. 4) After the rotary worktable rotates by an angle in the axial direction, the measuring head continues to enter the tooth socket, and the right tooth surface contact line of the No. 1 tooth is measured by the method in the step 3) until the tooth surface contact line of the No. 1 tooth is measured.
5) And (4) driving the gear to move to the next tooth surface to be measured by the rotary table, and repeating the steps 3) and 4) until all the teeth are detected.
6) Calculating to obtain the symmetry degree of the double-spiral gear: as shown in fig. 2, a method for calculating a symmetry error is described by taking a certain contact line as an example, and the specific implementation steps are as follows:
6-1) calculating an equation of a left-handed helical gear tooth surface contact line position coordinate fitting straight line AA and an equation of a right-handed helical gear tooth surface contact line position coordinate fitting straight line BB.
6-2) simultaneously establishing the two linear equations to calculate the coordinate of the intersection point O, and calculating the deviation of the point O from the central plane P, namely the symmetry error of the single gear tooth of the double-spiral gear to be measured.
6-3) repeating the steps 6-1 and 6-2, calculating the single gear tooth symmetry error of all gear teeth, and evaluating the symmetry error delta T of the tested gearh。
Claims (2)
1. A double-helix gear symmetry degree measuring method based on a CNC gear measuring center is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) installing a gear to be measured on a rotary worktable of a gear measurement center, and starting the gear measurement center;
2) adjusting the measuring head to move to the middle of the tooth width;
3) the measuring head collects the position coordinates of the left tooth surface contact line of the No. 1 tooth;
4) after the rotating table rotates for an angle in the theta axis direction, the measuring head continues to enter the tooth socket and touches and measures the right side tooth surface contact line of the No. 1 tooth, and thus the measurement of the tooth surface contact line of the first tooth is finished;
5) the rotary table drives the gear to move to the next tooth surface to be measured, and the steps 3) and 4) are repeated until all the teeth are detected;
6) and calculating the deviation value of the intersection point position of the two fitted straight lines from the central section by combining the basic parameters of the gear to be measured, namely the symmetry degree of the double-spiral gear to be measured.
2. The CNC gear measurement center-based double helix gear symmetry measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific implementation method of the step 6) comprises the following steps:
6-1) calculating an equation of a left-handed helical gear tooth surface contact line position coordinate fitting straight line AA and an equation of a right-handed helical gear tooth surface contact line position coordinate fitting straight line BB;
6-2) simultaneously establishing the two linear equations to calculate the coordinate of the intersection point O, and calculating the deviation of the point O from the central plane P, namely the symmetry error of a single gear tooth of the measured double-spiral gear;
6-3) repeating the steps 6-1 and 6-2, calculating the single gear tooth symmetry error of all gear teeth, and evaluating the symmetry error delta T of the tested gearh。
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Cited By (4)
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| CN112798270A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-14 | 北京工业大学 | Normal meshing tooth profile measuring method of involute helical cylindrical gear |
| CN113916088A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-11 | 大连理工大学 | Method for detecting centering error of herringbone gear |
| CN114485534A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-13 | 西安工业大学 | Method for rapidly measuring symmetry error of herringbone gear by section method |
| US11971324B2 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2024-04-30 | Beijing University Of Technology | Method for checking or testing the profile of the path of contact of involute helical cylindrical gears |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112798270A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-14 | 北京工业大学 | Normal meshing tooth profile measuring method of involute helical cylindrical gear |
| US11971324B2 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2024-04-30 | Beijing University Of Technology | Method for checking or testing the profile of the path of contact of involute helical cylindrical gears |
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| CN114485534A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-13 | 西安工业大学 | Method for rapidly measuring symmetry error of herringbone gear by section method |
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