CN111873577B - 光致变色玻璃 - Google Patents

光致变色玻璃 Download PDF

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CN111873577B
CN111873577B CN202010754076.9A CN202010754076A CN111873577B CN 111873577 B CN111873577 B CN 111873577B CN 202010754076 A CN202010754076 A CN 202010754076A CN 111873577 B CN111873577 B CN 111873577B
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CN111873577A (zh
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甘家安
王卓
宋熊荣
尤韦霖
甘祖辉
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Shanghai Gantian Optical Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明揭示了一种光致变色玻璃，包括：依次层叠设置的第一玻璃层、中间层和第二玻璃层；所述第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间界定形成一用于收容所述中间层的收容空间，所述中间层部分填充于所述收容空间中；所述中间层包括热膨胀层和涂覆于该热膨胀层一面上的光致变色层；其中，所述热膨胀层由可逆形变的热膨胀材料制成，所述膨胀层被设置成膨胀时能够在所述收容空间中扩展延伸。本发明提供的光致变色玻璃，能够根据光照强度自动调节其遮光区域和遮光面积，在光照强度较弱时的遮光面积较小而利于采光，在光照强度较强时的遮光面积变大而利于遮光。

Description

光致变色玻璃
技术领域
本发明属于玻璃材料技术领域，具体涉及一种光致变色玻璃。
背景技术
光致变色玻璃是一种新型的节能玻璃，光照增强时玻璃逐渐变灰暗，降低了光及其携带热量的透过率；光照减弱时玻璃又恢复明亮，提高了光及其携带热量的透过率。这种能随早晚及四季的环境变化，而自动改变透光率和遮阳系数的智能玻璃，具有低辐射、低能耗等许多优点，已经引起人们的特别关注。但是，现有的光致变色玻璃的遮光区域通常是固定的，不能根据光照强度进行自动调节，无法适用于某些特定的场景。
因此，针对上述技术问题，有必要提供一种新的光致变色玻璃。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单且能够自动调节遮光区域的光致变色玻璃，以解决现有技术中的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种光致变色玻璃，包括：依次层叠设置的第一玻璃层、中间层和第二玻璃层；
所述第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间界定形成一用于收容所述中间层的收容空间，所述中间层部分填充于所述收容空间中；
所述中间层包括热膨胀层和涂覆于该热膨胀层一面上的光致变色层；
其中，所述热膨胀层由可逆形变的热膨胀材料制成，所述热膨胀层被设置成膨胀时能够在所述收容空间中扩展延伸。
进一步地，所述热膨胀层中形成有若干囊泡；和/或所述热膨胀材料为塑料或橡胶。
进一步地，所述囊泡被设置成平行于所述第一玻璃层或第二玻璃层的扁平状。
进一步地，所述囊泡中填充有相变材料，所述相变材料的沸点为20~50℃。
进一步地，所述相变材料为二氯甲烷、乙醚、戊烷和石油醚中的一种或几种。
进一步地，所述中间层还包括设于所述光致变色层背离所述热膨胀层一面上的用于抗氧化的防护膜。
进一步地，所述防护膜包括塑料膜和形成于所述塑料膜上的氧化物层。
进一步地，所述热膨胀层背离所述光致变色层的一面上叠合有光热转换层，所述光热转换层能够将光能转换成热能并将热能传递给所述热膨胀层。
进一步地，所述光致变色层包括光致变色微粒和用于分散和粘接所述光致变色微粒的粘接性树脂，所述光致变色微粒通过所述粘接性树脂粘附于所述热膨胀层上以形成所述光致变色层。
进一步地，所述光致变色微粒包括壳体和收容于所述壳体中的光致变色染料，所述壳体的材质为透明聚合物；和/或所述光致变色微粒在所述光致变色层中的含量为0.5~15wt%；和/或所述光致变色微粒的粒径为50~1000nm。
本发明有益效果：
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的光致变色玻璃，能够根据光照强度自动调节其遮光区域和遮光面积，在光照强度较弱时的遮光面积较小而利于采光，在光照强度较强时的遮光面积变大而利于遮光；而且本发明提供的光致变色玻璃结构简单，不需要配置其他电控器件，完全利用其自身的结构和材料特性，根据外界光照环境对遮光面积进行自主调节。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请一种较佳实施方式的剖视图；
图2图1所示实施方式一状态下的示意图；
图3图1所示实施方式另一状态下的示意图。
附图标记说明：11-第一玻璃层；12-第二玻璃层；13-收容空间；20-中间层；21-热膨胀层；22-光致变色层；23-防护膜；24-光热转换层；211-囊泡。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图所示的各实施方式对本发明进行详细描述。但该等实施方式并不限制本发明，本领域的普通技术人员根据该等实施方式所做出的结构、方法、或功能上的变换均包含在本发明的保护范围内。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。在所示出的实施例中，方向表示即上、下、左、右、前和后等是相对的，用于解释本申请中不同部件的结构和运动是相对的。当部件处于图中所示的位置时，这些表示是恰当的。但是，如果元件位置的说明发生变化，那么认为这些表示也将相应地发生变化。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
请参照图1~3所示，本发明一种较佳实施方式中的光致变色玻璃，其包括：依次层叠设置的第一玻璃层11、中间层20和第二玻璃层12。其中，第一玻璃层11和第二玻璃层12之间界定形成一用于收容中间层20的收容空间13，中间层20部分填充于该收容空间13中，即填充中间层20后能够预留出一部分空间。在其他实施方式中，也可以在第一玻璃层11和第二玻璃层12之间形成多个相互间隔开的收容空间13，每个收容空间13中对应填充一中间层20。
第一玻璃层11和第二玻璃层12的材质可以使用通常使用的透明板玻璃。例如：可以使用浮法平板玻璃、着色平板玻璃、抛光平板玻璃、压花玻璃、嵌丝玻璃、夹丝平板玻璃、热射线吸收玻璃、热射线反射玻璃、生玻璃等无机玻璃；也可以使用聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯等的有机塑料玻璃。第一玻璃层11和第二玻璃层12可以是相同或不同材质的玻璃。
中间层20包括热膨胀层21和涂覆于该热膨胀层21一面上的光致变色层22。其中，热膨胀层21由可逆形变的热膨胀材料制成，并且热膨胀层21被设置成膨胀时能够在收容空间13中扩展延伸。热膨胀材料可以是透明的塑料或橡胶，例如可以是：聚烯烃、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、聚酰胺树脂、天然橡胶等。
其中，热膨胀层21中形成有若干囊泡211，囊泡211大体上的形状可以设置成平行于第一玻璃层11或第二玻璃层12的扁平状，这种形状的囊泡211可以使热膨胀层21的膨胀方向更具有指向性，即倾向于朝平行于第一玻璃层11或第二玻璃层12的方向进行膨胀延伸。
为增加热膨胀层21的膨胀率可以在囊泡211中填充相变材料，相变材料受热发生相变使体积增加，从而促使热膨胀层21进一步膨胀。优选的，相变材料的沸点为20~50℃的低沸点材料；例如可以是二氯甲烷（沸点约40℃）、乙醚（沸点约35℃）、戊烷（沸点约36℃）和石油醚（沸点约30~70℃）中的一种或几种。低沸点材料受热时可易于挥发生成气体，从而使囊泡211膨胀，进而促使整个热膨胀层21膨胀。在其他实施方式中，相变材料的沸点也可根据具体的应用场景进行适当选择。
光致变色层22包括光致变色微粒和用于分散和粘接所述光致变色微粒的粘接性树脂，所述光致变色微粒通过粘接性树脂粘附于热膨胀层21上以形成光致变色层22，光致变色微粒包括壳体和收容于该壳体中的光致变色染料。光致变色层22可以设置成整体上颜色浓度一致的颜色，也可以设置成颜色浓度逐渐变化的渐变颜色。粘接性树脂的选用易于通过粘附形成涂层的树脂，例如可以是聚乙烯醇树脂、聚酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、丙烯酸树脂等。
优选的，光致变色微粒的粒径分布于50~1000nm之间，当光致变色微粒的粒径低于50nm时，会降低其显色性能；当光致变色微粒的粒径大于1000nm时，会影响其在粘接性树脂中的分散性。光致变色微粒在整个光致变色层22中的含量为0.5~15wt%，当光致变色微粒含量过低时，颜色密度降低而无法很好地显示颜色；当光致变色微粒含量过高时，会影响光致变色微粒的分散性。
其中，光致变色染料是分子或晶体的吸光特性通过光的作用，使单一的化学物种变成化学键合状态不同的异构体的同时颜色发生改变且可使这些变化可逆的材料。光致变色染料可以选自偶氮苯类光致变色染料、俘精酸酐类光致变色染料、螺吡喃类光致变色染料、螺噁嗪类光致变色染料、二芳基乙烯光致变色染料、含硫卡巴腙结构的光致变色染料、含亚胺结构的光致变色染料、含苯氧基萘并萘醌类结构光致变色染料、多环醌类光致变色染料、苯胺衍生物类光致变色染料、苯并吡喃类光致变色染料、紫精类光致变色染料、过度金属氧化物类材料、金属卤化物类材料、光致变色稀土配合物中的一种或几种。
光致变色微粒的壳体材质为透明聚合物，可以选自丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯、含有丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯的环氧树脂、丙烯腈、乙烯基苯、乙烯基醚或马来酰亚胺低聚物；优选为丙烯腈、丙烯酸丁酯、三羟基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、三丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、四甲基四丙烯酸季戊四醇酯、三缩二丙二醇二丙烯酸酯、新戊二醇二丙烯酸酯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、异冰片丙烯酸酯、苯氧乙基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸环氧树脂、聚酯丙烯酸酯、二缩/三缩丙二醇双丙烯酸酯、双季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇双(甲基)丙烯酸酯中的一种或几种。
具体的，光致变色层22中还可以添加抗氧化剂、紫外线吸收剂等助剂。抗氧化剂选自为叔丁基羟基茴香醚、二丁基羟基甲苯、叔丁基对苯二酚、没食子酸丙酯、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、硫代二丙酸二月桂酸酯、4-己基间苯二酚等中的一种或几种。紫外线吸收剂可以选自具有苯并三唑结构的紫外线吸收剂、具有二苯甲酮结构的紫外线吸收剂、具有三嗪结构的紫外线吸收剂、具有丙二酸酯结构的紫外线吸收剂、具有草酰苯胺结构的紫外线吸收剂、具有苯甲酸酯结构的紫外线吸收剂等公知的紫外线吸收剂。优选的，抗氧化剂在整个光致变色层22中的含量为0.2~3wt%；紫外线吸收剂在整个光致变色层22中的含量为0.02~5wt%。
具体的，中间层20还包括设于光致变色层22背离热膨胀层21一面上的用于抗氧化的防护膜23，防护膜23由包括塑料膜和形成于该塑料膜至少一面上的氧化物层。氧化物层可以通过溅射工艺、离子镀覆、等离子体CVD工艺、蒸镀工艺、涂布工艺、浸渍工艺等以往公知的方法形成。氧化物可以选自氧化硅、氧化钠、氧化钾、氧化硼、氧化镁、氧化镁、氧化钛等中的一种或几种。防护膜23的设置可以对水和氧起到阻隔防护的作用，从而增加光致变色层22的使用寿命。
具体的，中间层20还包括叠合于热膨胀层21背离光致变色层22的一面上的光热转换层24，光热转换层24能够将光能转换成热能并将热能传递给热膨胀层21，从而使热膨胀层21受热膨胀。光热转换层24可以由石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、碳黑、碳纳米管、金纳米颗粒、银纳米颗粒、氧化钨纳米颗粒中的一种或几种沉积于热膨胀层21上形成。
下面结合具体的场景，对本发明提供的光致变色玻璃的机理作进一步说明：
在未受到光照或光照强度较弱的情况下，光致变色玻璃处于图2所示的状态下；此时，热膨胀层21处于未膨胀或微膨胀的初始状态，中间层20的遮光面积较小（中间层20未完全填充整个收容空间13）。在光照强度较强的情况下，光致变色玻璃处于图3所示的状态下；此时，热膨胀层21处于充分膨胀的状态，中间层20在收容空间13中扩展延伸，使得遮光面积变大（中间层20完全填充整个收容空间13）。收容空间13的整体形状和大小并无特别限定，可根据实际需要进行设置，例如可以设置成各种装饰图案，当中间层20完全填充收容空间13时，能够形成装饰图案以获得更佳的外观效果。
综上，本发明提供的光致变色玻璃，能够根据光照强度自动调节其遮光区域和遮光面积，在光照强度较弱时的遮光面积较小而利于采光，在光照强度较强时的遮光面积变大而利于遮光；而且本发明提供的光致变色玻璃结构简单，不需要配置其他电控器件，完全利用其自身的结构和材料特性，根据外界光照环境对遮光面积进行自主调节，能够被广泛的应用于汽车、建筑等领域的遮光材料或装饰材料中。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施例加以描述，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。

Claims (7)

1.一种光致变色玻璃，其特征在于，包括：依次层叠设置的第一玻璃层、中间层和第二玻璃层；
所述第一玻璃层和第二玻璃层之间界定形成一用于收容所述中间层的收容空间，所述中间层部分填充于所述收容空间中；
所述中间层包括热膨胀层和涂覆于该热膨胀层一面上的光致变色层；
其中，所述热膨胀层由可逆形变的热膨胀材料制成，所述热膨胀层被设置成膨胀时能够在所述收容空间中扩展延伸，所述热膨胀材料为透明的塑料或橡胶；
所述热膨胀层背离所述光致变色层的一面上叠合有光热转换层，所述光热转换层能够将光能转换成热能并将热能传递给所述热膨胀层；
所述光致变色层包括光致变色微粒和用于分散和粘接所述光致变色微粒的粘接性树脂，所述光致变色微粒通过所述粘接性树脂粘附于所述热膨胀层上以形成所述光致变色层；
所述光致变色微粒包括壳体和收容于所述壳体中的光致变色染料，所述壳体的材质为透明聚合物，所述光致变色微粒在所述光致变色层中的含量为0.5~15wt%，所述光致变色微粒的粒径为50~1000nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光致变色玻璃，其特征在于，所述热膨胀层中形成有若干囊泡。
3.根据权利要求2所述的光致变色玻璃，其特征在于，所述囊泡被设置成平行于所述第一玻璃层或第二玻璃层的扁平状。
4.根据权利要求3所述的光致变色玻璃，其特征在于，所述囊泡中填充有相变材料，所述相变材料的沸点为20~50℃。
5.根据权利要求4所述的光致变色玻璃，其特征在于，所述相变材料为二氯甲烷、乙醚、戊烷和石油醚中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光致变色玻璃，其特征在于，所述中间层还包括设于所述光致变色层背离所述热膨胀层一面上的用于抗氧化的防护膜。
7.根据权利要求6所述的光致变色玻璃，其特征在于，所述防护膜包括塑料膜和形成于所述塑料膜上的氧化物层。
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