CN111870638B - 茶褐素在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
茶褐素在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用,属于茶褐素用途技术领域。具体包括:茶褐素在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用,茶褐素通过激活JNK信号通路促进肝细胞癌Huh7细胞凋亡,抑制肝癌移植瘤生长。本发明通过多种试验证实了茶褐素对Huh7细胞具有显著的抗增殖和促凋亡作用,并且具有剂量依赖效应。茶褐素通过激活JNK信号通路促进Huh7细胞促凋亡并且抑制斑马鱼肝癌移植瘤生长。茶褐素对肿瘤的抑制率可达48.1%。并且,茶褐素通过激活P53通路,调节下游凋亡相关基因PUMA、NOXA、Bax和Bcl‑2等的mRNA表达来促进P53野生的Sk‑hep1细胞凋亡。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于茶褐素用途技术领域,具体涉及茶褐素在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用。
背景技术
茶褐素(theabrownin,TB)是从茶叶中提取出的一类能溶于水,而不溶于乙酸乙酯、正丁醇的复杂天然高聚物,由茶黄素和茶红素等多酚类物质进一步氧化衍生而成,天然存在于红茶、绿茶和黑茶中。茶褐素对改善人体的综合代谢平衡大有裨益,具有降血糖、血脂、血压、尿酸等效果,同时也是一种很有前途的抗癌候选物质。
肝癌即肝脏恶性肿瘤,可分为原发性和继发性两大类。原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤起源于肝脏的上皮或间叶组织,前者称为原发性肝癌,是我国高发的,危害极大的恶性肿瘤;后者称为肉瘤,与原发性肝癌相比较较为少见。继发性或称转移性肝癌系指全身多个器官起源的恶性肿瘤侵犯至肝脏。一般多见于胃、胆道、胰腺、结直肠、卵巢、子宫、肺、乳腺等器官恶性肿瘤的肝转移。原发性肝癌的病因及确切分子机制尚不完全清楚,目前认为其发病是多因素、多步骤的复杂过程,受环境和饮食双重因素影响。流行病学及实验研究资料表明,乙型肝炎病毒和丙型肝炎病毒感染、黄曲霉素、饮水污染、酒精、肝硬化、性激素、亚硝胺类物质、微量元素等都与肝癌发病相关。继发性肝癌(转移性肝癌)可通过不同途径,如随血液、淋巴液转移或直接侵润肝脏而形成疾病。
JNK信号转导通路是MAPK通路的重要分支,它在细胞周期、生殖、凋亡和细胞应激等多种生理和病理过程中起重要作用。JNK蛋白激酶由3个基因编码,jnk 1和jnk 2基因在全身广泛表达,而jnk 3呈限制性表达,仅见于脑、心脏和睾丸J。在未受刺激的细胞中,JNK主要存在于胞质内,但核内也有一定分布。在受到刺激后,K迅速而显著地聚积于核内,并导致相应基因表达改变。JNK基因通过选择性剪接而产生10种JNK形式,JNK基因编码的蛋白具有或无COOH末端,结果产生46 kDa和54 kDa两种蛋白。第二种剪接是选择性编码JNK功能区两个外显子中的一个,但只限于jnk 1和jnk 2基因。不同组织发出不同指令,通过选择性剪接,JNK改变停泊位点与底物的结合能力,从而决定作用底物的特异性。
但是现今茶褐素与JNK信号通路关系及在抑制肝癌上的作用仍属于未知,其作用机制及其影响仍不清楚,需要后续研究发现。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明的目的在于设计提供茶褐素在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,采用以下技术方案:
茶褐素在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用。
所述的应用,其特征在于所述茶褐素通过激活JNK信号通路促进肝细胞癌Huh7细胞凋亡,抑制肝癌移植瘤生长。
所述的应用,其特征在于所述茶褐素对肝细胞癌Huh7细胞活力的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性。
所述的应用,其特征在于所述茶褐素对肝细胞癌Huh7细胞凋亡呈剂量依赖性。
所述的应用,其特征在于所述茶褐素通过激活P53通路,来促进P53野生的Sk-hep1细胞凋亡。
所述的应用,其特征在于茶褐素诱导SK-hep1细胞凋亡存在剂量依赖性。
本发明具有的有益效果:本发明通过多种试验证实了茶褐素对Huh7细胞具有显著的抗增殖和促凋亡作用,并且具有剂量依赖效应。茶褐素明显上调NOXA、PUMA、P21、Bax、Bim等基因表达,上调ASK-1、Bax、磷酸化JNK (p-JNK)、磷酸化c-Jun (p-c-Jun)等蛋白表达,下调抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达。体内数据显示,茶褐素具有明显的抑制肿瘤生长作用,甚至强于顺铂。此外,JNK抑制剂在体内外显著削弱了茶褐素的作用,阻断了JNK相关分子通路。茶褐素通过激活JNK信号通路促进Huh7细胞促凋亡并且抑制斑马鱼肝癌移植瘤生长。茶褐素对肿瘤的抑制率可达48.1%。并且,通过激活P53通路,调节下游凋亡相关基因PUMA、NOXA、Bax 和Bcl-2等的mRNA表达来促进P53野生的Sk-hep1细胞凋亡。
附图说明
图1为HepG2、SK-hep1、Huh7细胞经茶褐素处理24小时后的细胞存活率折线图(A),茶褐素处理24、48小时后Huh7细胞的存活率折线图(B),茶褐素处理24小时后Huh7细胞的形态学观察图(C),标尺:200µm;
图2为茶褐素处理后经DAPI染色的Huh7细胞凋亡形态图(A),标尺:50µm,流式细胞术分析茶褐素治疗后Huh7细胞的凋亡情况表(B);
图3为茶褐素对SK-hep1细胞凋亡的影响图;
图4为茶褐素对SK-hep1细胞凋亡相关mRNA表达的影响图;
图5为茶褐素处理后Huh7细胞靶基因的相对表达表;
图6为茶褐素治疗后Huh7细胞中相关蛋白的表达和磷酸化情况图;
图7为Huh7异种移植斑马鱼经茶褐素或顺铂处理后的形态观察图(A),茶褐素或顺铂处理后的荧光强度和抑制作用数据(B);
图8为Huh7异种移植斑马鱼的观察图(A),茶褐素和SP600125处理后肿块的荧光强度和抑制效果数据图(B),DAPI染色检测Huh7细胞凋亡形态图(C),标尺:50µm,Huh7细胞中相关蛋白的表达和磷酸化情况图(D),茶褐素对Huh7细胞的作用及其机制流程图(E)。
具体实施方式
以下将通过实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:茶褐素对Huh7细胞增值的影响
采用茶褐素处理HepG2、SK-hep1、Huh7细胞,观察24、48小时后的细胞存活率。将细胞以8×103个/孔的密度接种在96孔板上,在200µl培养基中培养24小时。分别加入不同浓度的茶褐素200µl,于培养箱中分别培养24小时和48小时后,吸去上清液体,向每个孔中加入20µlMTT溶液(5.0mg/ml)并在37℃下孵育4小时。小心吸去孔内培养液,随后向每个孔中加入150µlDMSO,置于摇床上低速振荡10分钟,使结晶物充分溶解,并用酶标仪在490nm处测量光密度(OD)值。抑制率(IR,%)=[1−(茶褐素处理OD/未处理OD)]*100%。100 mg/ml、200mg/ml和300 mg/ml作为茶褐素的低、中、高剂量以进行下一步实验。
结果如图1A所示,不同符号(a、ab、b、c、bc、d)表示组间差异显著[P < 0.05],数值从a到d依次递减。茶褐素对Huh7、HepG2和SK-Hep-1的细胞活力的抑制作用明显。分别用茶褐素处理Huh7细胞24h和48h,如图1B所示,茶褐素对Huh7细胞活力的抑制作用呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性。在随后的实验中,采用100,200和300µg/ml作为茶褐素的低中高剂量(TB-L, TB-M,TB-H)。如图1C所示,茶褐素处理24 h后,随着剂量的增加,Huh7细胞形态发生改变,漂浮的细胞呈圆形和萎缩状,且数量明显增多。
实施例2:茶褐素对Huh7细胞凋亡的影响
采用DAPI染色、流式细胞术,观察茶褐素处理后Huh7细胞凋亡形态。将细胞以8×103个/孔的密度接种在24孔板上,加入低、中、高剂量的茶褐素处理24小时,对照组加入不含茶褐素的培养液,继续培养24小时。室温下使用4%多聚甲醛固定细胞30分钟,选择PBS缓冲溶液清洗3次,每次5分钟。用含0.5%Triton-X-100的PBS在室温通透化处理30分钟,选择PBS缓冲溶液清洗3次,每次5分钟。加入DAPI染色液室温作用4分钟,选择PBS缓冲溶液清洗3次,每次5分钟。使用荧光显微镜观察未染色细胞和染色细胞。每组5个漏斗作为复制体,观察细胞凋亡的细胞核。
将细胞以2×105个/孔的密度接种在6孔板上,加入低、中、高剂量的茶褐素处理24小时,对照组加入不含茶褐素的培养液,继续培养24小时。用不含EDTA的胰酶消化细胞,1000rpm离心5分钟收集细胞。使用4℃预冷的PBS洗涤细胞,离心后弃去上清,加入500μl结合缓冲液,轻轻吹打重悬细胞。加入5μl Annexin V-FITC,室温避光孵育15分钟,加入5μlPI,使用流式细胞仪检测凋亡率。
结果如图2A所示,以平均值±标准差表示(n = 5),*P < 0.05,**P < 0.01与正常对照组比较,随着茶褐素浓度的增加,出现染色质凝结、核固缩和凋亡小体(箭头所示)的凋亡细胞越来越多。如图2B所示,随着茶褐素浓度的增加,Huh7细胞的早期和晚期凋亡率明显增加,说明茶褐素诱导Huh7细胞凋亡存在剂量依赖性。
实施例3:茶褐素对SK-hep1细胞凋亡的影响
采用DAPI染色、流式细胞术,观察茶褐素处理后SK-hep1细胞凋亡形态。
结果如图3A所示,随着茶褐素浓度的增加,出现染色质凝结、核固缩和凋亡小体(箭头所示)的凋亡细胞越来越多。如图3B所示,随着茶褐素浓度的增加,SK-hep1细胞的早期和晚期凋亡率明显增加,说明茶褐素诱导SK-hep1细胞凋亡存在剂量依赖性。
实施例4:茶褐素对SK-hep1细胞凋亡相关mRNA表达的影响
如图4,茶褐素处理后SK-hep1细胞靶基因的相对表达。数值以平均值±标准差表示(n = 3),与对照组相比,茶褐素显著上调了SK-hep1细胞中PUMA、NOXA、Bax和Bim mRNA的表达,下调了Bcl-2 mRNA的表达(各P < 0.01),且存在剂量效应。
实施例5:茶褐素对Huh7细胞凋亡相关mRNA表达的影响
茶褐素处理后Huh7细胞靶基因的相对表达。
将细胞以5×105个/皿均匀接种于6cm的细胞培养皿中,培养24小时后,随机分为2组,对照组,TB组。TB组用200 mg/ml的茶褐素处理24小时,对照组加入不含茶褐素的培养液,继续培养24小时。吸去培养皿中上清液,用PBS进行清洗2次。用TRIzol试剂提取处理后的细胞总RNA,用NanoDrop2000超微量分光光度计测定RNA浓度。使用TAKARA逆转录试剂盒将RNA逆转录成cDNA,逆转录程序:37℃初温15min,然后85℃进行5s,最后降温至4℃。采用SYBR反应体系进行Real-time PCR反应,最终反应体系为20 μl,包括0.4 μl PCR ForwardPrimer,0.4 μl PCR Reverse Primer,1 μl template cDNA,8.2 μl ddH2O以及10 μlSYBR。Real-time PCR反应条件如下:95℃,30秒进行初始变性,然后进行40个循环,在95℃下变性5秒,在60℃退火34秒,在72℃延伸40秒。在每个反应结束时,进行熔解曲线分析。以ACTIN作内参,检测各组P21、NOXA、PUMA、Bim、Bax的表达水平,目标基因序列见表1,各基因mRNA表达用2-∆∆Ct计算结果来表示。
表1目标基因引物序列
结果如图5所示,数值以平均值±标准差表示(n = 3),与对照组相比,茶褐素显著上调了Huh7细胞中PUMA、P21、Bax和Bim mRNA的表达(各P < 0.01)。茶褐素轻微上调了NOXA的表达(p> 0.05)。
实施例6:茶褐素对Huh7细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响
茶褐素治疗后Huh7细胞中相关蛋白的表达和磷酸化情况分析。
收集处理后的Huh7细胞,1000rpm离心5分钟。加入含有蛋白酶抑制剂的蛋白裂解液,置于4ºC冰上裂解30分钟,4ºC高速离心机12000g离心15分钟。采用BCA蛋白检测试剂盒测定上清蛋白浓度后,在每个上样泳道中加入10μg蛋白样本进行SDS-PAGE电泳,参数为:90V,约2.5小时。把凝胶取出以后,设置90 V电压进行转膜,将凝胶上的蛋白转移到NC膜上。将NC膜放入5%脱脂奶粉中4ºC封闭2小时,再放在1∶1000稀释的一抗液中4ºC孵育过夜,主要抗体为:ASK1,磷酸化JNK,c-Jun,磷酸化c-Jun (Ser63),磷酸化c-Jun (Ser73),Bax,Bcl -2。最后将NC膜放在1∶5000稀释的二抗中孵育2 h,按照ECL法进行显色,胶片曝光成像。使用β-肌动蛋白对光密度值进行标准化,分析各蛋白表达情况。
如图6所示,数值以平均值±标准差表示(n = 3),*P<0.05,**P<0.01与正常对照组比较,与对照组相比,茶褐素显著上调ASK1,磷酸化JNK (P -JNK),磷酸化c-Jun (P -c-Jun) (Ser 63和Ser 73)以及Bax的表达,显著下调Bcl-2表达(P<0.01)(均P< 0.05或P<0.01)。
实施例7:茶褐素对肝癌肿瘤生长的影响
采用茶褐素或顺铂处理Huh7异种移植斑马鱼,并观察其形态、荧光强度和抑制作用。
使用CM-DiI标记Huh7细胞,以显微注射的方式移植到2 dpf野生型AB品系斑马鱼卵黄囊内,每尾移植约200个细胞,建立斑马鱼人肿瘤移植模型;将注射人肿瘤细胞的斑马鱼放置35℃培养至3 dpf。3 dpf时,在显微镜下挑选出移植瘤一致性较好的斑马鱼,随机分配至6孔板中,每孔30尾,每孔养鱼水容量为3 mL。水溶给予茶褐素16.7 μg/mL浓度,顺铂15μg/mL浓度,同时设置模型对照组。35℃培养箱处理至5 dpf,每个实验组随机选择12尾斑马鱼在荧光显微镜下采集斑马鱼肿瘤荧光强度,以荧光强度的统计分析结果评价各实验组对斑马鱼肿瘤的生长抑制作用。
结果如图7所述,荧光区(红色)表示肝癌肿块,以平均值±标准差表示(n =30),**P < 0.01与模型组比较。成功建立了斑马鱼幼体HCC异种移植模型。与模型组相比,茶褐素对肝癌肿瘤生长有显著抑制作用,抑制率为48.1% (P < 0.01)。茶褐素在无可见有害作用水平(no observable adverse effect level,NOAEL)的抗肝癌作用(16.7 µg/ml)强于顺铂(15 µg/ml)。
实施例8:JNK信号通路在茶褐素促进Huh7细胞凋亡中的作用
使用CM-DiI标记人肝癌(Huh7)细胞,以显微注射的方式移植到2 dpf野生型AB品系斑马鱼卵黄囊内,每尾移植约200个细胞,建立斑马鱼人肿瘤移植模型;将注射人肿瘤细胞的斑马鱼放置35℃培养至3 dpf。3 dpf时,在显微镜下挑选出移植瘤一致性较好的斑马鱼,随机分配至6孔板中,每孔30尾,每孔养鱼水容量为3 mL。水溶给予茶提取物16.7 μg/mL浓度,静脉注射给予“SP600125”20 pmol/尾剂量,茶褐素16.7 μg/mL+“SP600125”20 pmol/尾联用,同时设置模型对照组。35℃培养箱处理至5 dpf,每个实验组随机选择12尾斑马鱼在荧光显微镜下采集斑马鱼肿瘤荧光强度,以荧光强度的统计分析结果评价各实验组对斑马鱼肿瘤的生长抑制作用。
在体外细胞实验中,用20µM SP600125预处理Huh7细胞1小时后,再进行加药或不加药(TB200µg/ml)处理。其余方法同上述。
结果如图8所示,荧光区(红色)表示肝癌肿瘤肿块,B中以平均值±标准差表示(n= 30),* * P < 0.01。C中以平均值±标准差表示(n = 5),**P < 0.01,D中用均数±标准差表示(n = 3),*P < 0.05,* * P < 0.01。如图8A和B所示,20pM的SP600125显著削弱了茶褐素的体内抑瘤作用(P < 0.01),抑瘤率由44.57%下降到26.59%。如图8C所示,20µM的SP600125明显削弱了茶褐素诱导的Huh7细胞凋亡,凋亡率明显降低(P < 0.01)。如图8D所示,WB数据显示,SP600125显著抑制了JNK、p-JNK、c-Jun和p-c-Jun的表达,同时显著阻断了茶褐素对这些蛋白以及凋亡相关蛋白(Bax和Bcl-2)的调控作用(P均< 0.05或P < 0.01)。上述结果表明,JNK/c-Jun信号参与介导了茶褐素对Huh7的促凋亡作用以及肿瘤抑制作用。
ASK1是细胞凋亡固有线粒体通路的关键调控因子,是JNK通路的激活剂,可应对各种应激(氧化应激、钙超载、炎症等)。JNK是一种与细胞凋亡相关的多功能激酶,可磷酸化c-Jun,上调NOXA、PUMA、P21、Bax和Bim下游基因表达。C-Jun是细胞增殖和凋亡的关键调控因子,需要JNK激活Ser63和Ser73位点的磷酸化。NOXA、PUMA、Bim和Bax是编码Bcl-2家族成员介导细胞凋亡的促凋亡基因。在本研究中,茶褐素激活了ASK1-JNK-c-Jun信号,进而上调了促凋亡基因,导致Huh7细胞凋亡(图8E )。此外,JNK抑制剂SP600125减弱了茶褐素的体内抑瘤作用和体外促凋亡作用,验证了JNK信号通路介导了茶褐素的抗肝癌机制。
茶褐素通过激活P53通路,调节下游凋亡相关基因PUMA、NOXA、Bax和Bcl-2等的mRNA表达来促进P53野生的Sk-hep1细胞凋亡。而对于P53突变的Huh7细胞,茶褐素则通过激活旁路机制——JNK信号通路,使Bcl-2家族的促凋亡蛋白过表达从而发挥抗增殖、促凋亡和抑制肿瘤作用。综上所述,茶褐素对于P53野生和突变的肝癌细胞株都存在抑制作用,可以作为一个有前景的抗肝癌候选药物。
Claims (1)
1.茶褐素作为唯一活性 成分在制备治疗肝癌药物中的应用。
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