CN111867826A - 二次电池的外壳和具有该外壳的二次电池 - Google Patents
二次电池的外壳和具有该外壳的二次电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种二次电池的外壳和二次电池。根据本发明的一个方面,其中限定了内部空间的二次电池的外壳包括第一金属部和与第一金属部分隔开的第二金属部,其中第一金属部比第二金属部更靠近内部空间设置,并且第一金属部具有比第二金属部的热导率大的热导率。
Description
技术领域
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年2月27日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2019-0023122号的优先权的权益,通过援引将上述专利申请整体结合在此。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二次电池的外壳和包括该外壳的二次电池,更具体地,涉及这样一种二次电池的外壳和包括该外壳的二次电池,即该外壳具有在提高对电解质的抗腐蚀性的同时能够解决二次电池的着火问题的结构。
背景技术
根据其制造方法或结构,可重复充电和放电的二次电池(secondary battery)可分为圆柱型二次电池、棱柱型二次电池和袋型二次电池。在这些二次电池之中,这种袋型二次电池通常具有电极组件容纳在片形的袋外壳中的结构,电极组件具有其中电极和隔膜交替设置的结构。特别是,袋型二次电池因其相对简单的工艺和较低的制造成本而被广泛使用。
根据相关技术,通过由不同材料制成的多个层构成片形的袋。特别是,通常袋包括铝层。在此,在铝层的内表面上设置有配置成防止电解质和水分渗透的绝缘层。绝缘层一般用于通过防止铝层电连接至正极或负极来防止铝层被极化。
然而,根据相关技术,当在制造或使用二次电池的同时绝缘层被损坏时,电解质和水分可通过损坏的间隙渗透,引起铝层被损坏的问题。特别是,当在锂二次电池中绝缘层被损坏时,在电解质渗透到铝层中的同时,电解质内的锂离子与铝层反应,从而引起铝层的氧化和腐蚀,导致铝层中的裂缝,由此损坏袋。
发明内容
技术问题
因此,用于解决上述问题的本发明的目的是将在二次电池的使用过程中由于电解质与外壳之间的反应而发生的对外壳的损坏最小化。
特别是,用于解决上述问题的本发明的目的是将当铝层因绝缘层的损坏而被极化时发生的对铝层的损坏最小化。
技术方案
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的一个方面,一种其中限定了内部空间的二次电池的外壳,包括:第一金属部;与所述第一金属部分隔开的第二金属部;和第一粘合剂部,所述第一粘合剂部设置在所述第一金属部与所述第二金属部之间,以粘附至所述第一金属部和所述第二金属部的每一个,其中所述第一金属部比所述第二金属部更靠近所述内部空间设置,并且所述第一金属部具有比所述第二金属部的热导率大的热导率。
在所述第一粘合剂部中可混合有阻燃材料。
所述第一金属部或所述第二金属部可由包层(clad)材料制成。
所述阻燃材料可包括磷基化合物、氮基化合物、卤素基化合物、锑基化合物、钼基化合物、硼酸锌基化合物和金属氢氧化物中的一种或多种。
所述外壳可进一步包括:绝缘部,所述绝缘部设置成沿所述内部空间的方向与所述第一金属部分隔开并且具有电绝缘特性;和第二粘合剂部,所述第二粘合剂部设置在所述第一金属部与所述绝缘部之间,以粘附至所述第一金属部和所述绝缘部的每一个。
所述第一金属部可包括:包括第一材料的第一层;和包括第二材料的第二层,其中所述第一层可比所述第二层更靠近所述内部空间设置,并且所述第一层可具有比所述第二层的热导率大的热导率。
所述第二金属部可包括:包括第三材料的第三层;和包括第四材料的第四层,其中所述第三层可比所述第四层更靠近所述内部空间设置,并且所述第三层可具有比所述第四层的热导率大的热导率。
所述第一材料可包括铜,并且所述第二材料可包括铝。
所述第三材料可包括铜,并且所述第四材料可包括铝。
所述第一粘合剂部和所述第二粘合剂部的每一个可包括酸改性聚丙烯(acidmodified polypropylene,PPa),并且所述绝缘部可包括流延聚丙烯(castpolypropylene,CPP)。
所述外壳可进一步包括:层压在所述第二金属部的外表面上的第一外表面部;和层压在所述第一外表面部的外表面上的第二外表面部,其中所述第一外表面部可包括定向尼龙(oriented nylon,O-nylon),并且所述第二外表面部可包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)。
为了实现上述目的,根据本发明的另一个方面,一种二次电池,包括:电极组件;和二次电池的外壳,所述外壳容纳所述电极组件。
有益效果
根据本发明,可将在二次电池的使用过程中由于电解质与外壳之间的反应而发生的对外壳的损坏最小化。
特别是,可将当铝层因绝缘层的损坏而被极化时发生的对铝层的损坏最小化。
附图说明
图1是图解根据本发明的二次电池的外壳的层状结构的放大剖面图。
图2是图解根据本发明的二次电池的外壳中的第一金属部的层状结构的放大剖面图。
图3是图解根据本发明的二次电池的外壳中的第二金属部的层状结构的放大剖面图。
图4是图解当在根据本发明的二次电池的外壳中第一金属部和电解质彼此相遇时的初期状态的剖面图。
图5是图解当在根据本发明的二次电池的外壳中第一金属部和电解质彼此相遇时的后期状态的剖面图。
具体实施方式
下文中,将参照附图描述根据本发明的二次电池的外壳和二次电池的结构。
二次电池的外壳和二次电池
图1是图解根据本发明的二次电池的外壳的层状结构的放大剖面图。
根据本发明的二次电池的外壳10(下文中称为“外壳”)可具有包括由不同材料制成的多个层的层状结构,如图1中所示。此外,外壳10可以是厚度较薄的具有片形的外壳。此外,在外壳10中可限定内部空间。内部空间可以是容纳由电极和隔膜构成的电极组件的空间。此外,根据本发明的外壳10可以是用在袋型二次电池中的外壳。
如图1中所示,外壳10可包括第一金属部100和与第一金属部100分隔开的第二金属部200。
此外,可在第一金属部100与第二金属部200之间设置有第一粘合剂部300,第一粘合剂部300粘附至第一金属部100和第二金属部200的每一个,以防止第一金属部100和第二金属部200相对于彼此相对移动。第一粘合剂部300可包括酸改性聚丙烯(acid modifiedpolypropylene,PPa)。PPa可指具有其中马来酸键合至聚丙烯的结构的材料。
如上所述,在外壳10中可限定内部空间。第一金属部100可比第二金属部200更靠近内部空间设置。
此外,根据本发明的外壳10可进一步包括绝缘部400和第二粘合剂部500,绝缘部400设置成沿外壳10的内部空间的方向与第一金属部100分隔开并且具有电绝缘特性,第二粘合剂部500设置在第一金属部100与绝缘部400之间。与第一粘合剂部300的情况类似,第二粘合剂部500可配置成防止第一金属部100和绝缘部400相对于彼此相对移动。因而,第二粘合剂部500可粘附至第一金属部100和绝缘部400的每一个。与第一粘合剂部300类似,第二粘合剂部500也可包括酸改性聚丙烯(acid modified polypropylene,PPa)。绝缘部400可包括流延聚丙烯(cast polypropylene,CPP)。或者,绝缘部400可由CPP制成。
继续参照图1,根据本发明的外壳10可进一步包括层压在第二金属部200的外表面上的第一外表面部600和层压在第一外表面部600的外表面上的第二外表面部700。“第二金属部的外表面和第一外表面部的外表面”可指,第二金属部和第一外表面部的两个表面(图1的顶表面和底表面)之中的不面向外壳10中限定出的内部空间的表面(图1中的顶表面)。第一外表面部600可包括定向尼龙(oriented nylon,O-nylon),第二外表面部700可包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)。或者,第一外表面部600可由O-nylon制成,第二外表面部700可由PET制成。
在此,根据本发明,第一金属部100可具有比第二金属部200的热导率大的热导率。此外,第一金属部100和第二金属部200可具有相同的厚度。此外,可根据第一金属部100和第二金属部200的拉伸率以及通过按压外壳的一部分在外壳中形成杯部(cup)的深度来选择第一金属部100和第二金属部200的厚度。
在袋型二次电池中,设置在外壳的最内侧的绝缘部可防止电解质、水分等渗透到外壳中。因而,可防止外壳内的金属接触电解质等。然而,在通过按压外壳的一部分形成具有凹入形状的杯部(cup)时或者在使用二次电池时,绝缘部可能会由于冲击等而破裂。在这种情况下,电解质会通过绝缘部中产生的裂缝渗透,从而与外壳内的金属部相遇。
特别是,在锂二次电池的情况下,存在锂离子,并且在二次电池的工作过程中在外壳内的金属部中也可产生电位。例如,(i)当二次电池中的伸出到外部的电极引线(未示出)和外壳之间过度密封时,(ii)当电极引线的形状变形时,(iii)当二次电池内的电极偏向一侧而接触外壳时,外壳内的金属部可能会电连接至电极组件,从而在金属部中产生电位。
在此,随着金属部中产生的电位变化,其中锂离子嵌入然后脱嵌的过程重复,从而在金属部中产生裂缝。由于锂离子与金属部之间的反应而在金属部的一部分中产生的裂缝可扩展到金属部的整个区域中,导致外壳的耐久性的快速劣化。
然而,根据本发明,外壳10内的金属部可分为第一金属部100和第二金属部200。在此,第一金属部100和第二金属部200可彼此分隔开。结果,当在绝缘部400中产生裂缝时,即使在首先与电解质相遇的第一金属部100中发生裂缝,也可防止裂缝扩展至第二金属部200。因而,可防止裂缝扩展至外壳10的金属部的整个区域,由此将对外壳10的损坏最小化。就是说,根据本发明,如图4中所示,即使在根据本发明的二次电池的外壳中在第一金属部100和电解质L彼此相遇而反应之后,首先在第一金属部100的一部分中产生裂缝C,裂缝C也可如图5中所示仅限于第一金属部100,从而防止第一金属部100中产生的裂缝C扩展至第二金属部200。
二次电池内的温度可由于二次电池使用过程中的过充电、内部短路或连续长时间使用二次电池而升高。在这种情况下,必须将二次电池内的热量快速释放到外部。特别是,在与产生热量的电极组件相邻的区域中,需要更快速地产生这种散热。这样做是因为,当与电极组件相邻的区域中的散热未快速产生时,电极组件的温度持续升高,从而导致二次电池的爆炸。
然而,根据本发明,由于与袋型二次电池中的电极组件相邻设置的第一金属部100具有比相对远离电极组件设置的第二金属部200的热导率大的热导率,因此可从与电极组件相邻的区域更快速地释放热量。因而,可解决当电极组件的温度持续升高时可能发生的二次电池的安全问题。
继续参照图1,根据本发明另一实施方式,外壳10的第一粘合剂部300可包括阻燃材料。例如,阻燃材料可混合在第一粘合剂部300中。因而,根据本发明,即使在二次电池内部发生着火,也可通过混合在第一粘合剂部300中的阻燃材料防止这种着火扩展至二次电池的外部。阻燃材料可包括磷基化合物、氮基化合物、卤素基化合物、锑基化合物、钼基化合物、硼酸锌基化合物和金属氢氧化物中的一种或多种。
阻燃材料执行阻燃功能的原理的示例包括:(i)消耗在燃烧过程中使用的热能以抑制燃烧的原理;(ii)将易燃材料凝聚成固体或气体以形成保护膜,使得易燃材料不接触气体的原理;(iii)在燃烧过程中产生不易燃气体,以提供灭火作用的原理;和(iv)在燃烧反应过程中抑制自由基链反应(radical chain reaction)中的自由基吸收反应的原理。可通过金属氢氧化物执行原理(i),可通过磷基化合物执行原理(ii),可通过金属氢氧化物或锑基化合物执行原理(iii),并且可通过卤素基化合物执行原理(iv)。
外壳10的第一金属部100可由单一金属制成。然而,根据本发明另一实施方式,可通过由不同材料制成的多层构成第一金属部100。
图2是图解根据本发明的二次电池的外壳中的第一金属部的层状结构的放大剖面图。
如图2中所示,根据本发明另一实施方式,第一金属部100可包括第一层110和第二层120。与第二层120相比,第一层110可以是相对靠近外壳10的内部空间设置的层。在此,第一层110可具有比第二层120的热导率大的热导率。
图3是图解根据本发明的二次电池的外壳中的第二金属部的层状结构的放大剖面图。
与第一金属部100的情况类似,根据本发明另一实施方式,第二金属部200也可具有层状结构。就是说,第二金属部200可包括第三层210和第四层220。与第四层220相比,第三层210可以是相对靠近外壳10的内部空间设置的层。在此,第三层210可具有比第四层220的热导率大的热导率。
如上所述,当二次电池内部的温度升高时,在与产生热量的电极组件相邻的区域中必须更快速地产生散热,从而快速地将二次电池内的热量释放到外部。因而,当第一层110的热导率大于第二层120的热导率时,热量可通过与第二层120相比相对靠近电极组件的第一层110快速地释放到外部。同样,当第三层210的热导率大于第四层220的热导率时,热量可通过与第四层220相比相对靠近电极组件的第三层210快速地释放到外部。
第一金属部100的第一层110可包括第一材料,第二层120可包括第二材料。此外,第二金属部200的第三层210可包括第三材料,第四层220可包括第四材料。
在此,如上所述,第一层110的热导率可大于第二层120的热导率,并且第三层210的热导率可大于第四层220的热导率。因而,第一材料可具有比第二材料的热导率大的热导率,并且第三材料可具有比第四材料的热导率大的热导率。
例如,第一材料和第三材料的每一个可包括铜,第二材料和第四材料的每一个可包括铝。或者,第一材料和第三材料的每一个可由铜制成,第二材料和第四材料的每一个可由铝制成。
铜具有比铝大大约1.5倍的热导率。因而,当比第二层120相对更靠近电极组件设置的第一层110和比第四层220相对更靠近电极组件设置的第三层210的每一个包括铜或者由铜制成时,二次电池内的热量可更快速地释放到外部。
根据本发明的第一金属部100或第二金属部200可由包层(clad)材料制成。
包层是通过将两种或更多种金属彼此结合而能够发挥每种金属的优点的材料,可通过辊压(rolling)来实现包层中的两种或更多种金属之间的结合。当第一金属部100的第一层110和第二层120分别由铜和铝制成时,由于铜和铝之间通过辊压的结合,可制备由包层材料制成的第一金属部100。类似地,当第二金属部200的第三层210和第四层220分别由铜和铝制成时,由于铜和铝之间通过辊压的结合,可制备由包层材料制成的第二金属部200。这可应用于第一层至第四层由不同材料制成的情况。
根据本发明的二次电池可包括:具有其中电极和隔膜交替设置的结构的电极组件;和容纳电极组件的二次电池的外壳。利用上面的描述代替对二次电池的外壳的结构的描述。
尽管已经参照具体实施方式描述了本发明的实施方式,但是对于本领域技术人员将显而易见的是,在不背离以下权利要求中所限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可做出各种变化和修改。
Claims (12)
1.一种其中限定了内部空间的二次电池的外壳,所述外壳包括:
第一金属部;
与所述第一金属部分隔开的第二金属部;和
第一粘合剂部,所述第一粘合剂部设置在所述第一金属部与所述第二金属部之间,以粘附至所述第一金属部和所述第二金属部的每一个,
其中所述第一金属部比所述第二金属部更靠近所述内部空间设置,并且
所述第一金属部具有比所述第二金属部的热导率大的热导率。
2.如权利要求1所述的外壳,其中在所述第一粘合剂部中混合有阻燃材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的外壳,其中所述第一金属部或所述第二金属部由包层(clad)材料制成。
4.如权利要求2所述的外壳,其中所述阻燃材料包括磷基化合物、氮基化合物、卤素基化合物、锑基化合物、钼基化合物、硼酸锌基化合物和金属氢氧化物中的一种或多种。
5.如权利要求1所述的外壳,进一步包括:
绝缘部,所述绝缘部设置成沿所述内部空间的方向与所述第一金属部分隔开并且具有电绝缘特性;和
第二粘合剂部,所述第二粘合剂部设置在所述第一金属部与所述绝缘部之间,以粘附至所述第一金属部和所述绝缘部的每一个。
6.如权利要求1所述的外壳,其中所述第一金属部包括:
包括第一材料的第一层;和
包括第二材料的第二层,
其中所述第一层比所述第二层更靠近所述内部空间设置,并且
所述第一层具有比所述第二层的热导率大的热导率。
7.如权利要求1所述的外壳,其中所述第二金属部包括:
包括第三材料的第三层;和
包括第四材料的第四层,
其中所述第三层比所述第四层更靠近所述内部空间设置,并且
所述第三层具有比所述第四层的热导率大的热导率。
8.如权利要求6所述的外壳,其中所述第一材料包括铜,并且
所述第二材料包括铝。
9.如权利要求7所述的外壳,其中所述第三材料包括铜,并且
所述第四材料包括铝。
10.如权利要求5所述的外壳,其中所述第一粘合剂部和所述第二粘合剂部的每一个包括酸改性聚丙烯(acid modified polypropylene,PPa),并且
所述绝缘部包括流延聚丙烯(cast polypropylene,CPP)。
11.如权利要求1所述的外壳,进一步包括:
层压在所述第二金属部的外表面上的第一外表面部;和
层压在所述第一外表面部的外表面上的第二外表面部,
其中所述第一外表面部包括定向尼龙(oriented nylon,O-nylon),并且
所述第二外表面部包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)。
12.一种二次电池,包括:
电极组件;和
如权利要求1所述的二次电池的外壳,所述外壳容纳所述电极组件。
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JP6166144B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-15 | 2017-07-19 | 昭和電工パッケージング株式会社 | 成形用包装材 |
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- 2019-12-12 JP JP2020546109A patent/JP7048843B2/ja active Active
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CN112331856A (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-02-05 | 华东理工大学华昌聚合物有限公司 | 锂离子电池电极粘结剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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KR20200104968A (ko) | 2020-09-07 |
KR102389407B1 (ko) | 2022-04-25 |
EP3753729A4 (en) | 2021-12-22 |
CN111867826B (zh) | 2022-06-28 |
JP7048843B2 (ja) | 2022-04-06 |
WO2020175777A1 (ko) | 2020-09-03 |
EP3753729A1 (en) | 2020-12-23 |
US20210057682A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
JP2021517335A (ja) | 2021-07-15 |
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