CN111864136B - Composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature adjusting functions and using method - Google Patents
Composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature adjusting functions and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111864136B CN111864136B CN202010650158.9A CN202010650158A CN111864136B CN 111864136 B CN111864136 B CN 111864136B CN 202010650158 A CN202010650158 A CN 202010650158A CN 111864136 B CN111864136 B CN 111864136B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation and a use method thereof, wherein the device comprises a storage battery module, a control module, a super capacitor module, an electric heating layer, a phase change energy storage layer, a cotton cloth layer, a water tank and a shell; the storage battery module, the control module and the super capacitor module are positioned in the device, the outer layer is provided with an electric heating layer, the outer layer of the electric heating layer is provided with a phase change energy storage layer, the outer part of the phase change energy storage layer is coated with a cotton cloth layer, the outer layer of the cotton cloth layer is coated by a shell, and the shell is provided with a shutter; the heating resistance wire of the electric heating layer is electrified and heated by utilizing the low-temperature starting characteristic of the super capacitor in a cold area low-temperature environment, meanwhile, the heat storage performance of the phase-change energy storage module and the heat preservation characteristic of the cotton cloth layer are utilized to store heat and preserve heat, and under the working condition of a non-cold area, the heat absorption performance of the phase-change energy storage module and the heat absorption of the cotton cloth layer added with water through evaporation and heat absorption of the shutter are utilized to dissipate heat. The device has important significance for the utilization of the storage battery in a wide temperature range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a starting device of a storage battery, in particular to a composite storage battery device for low-temperature starting and temperature regulation and a using method thereof.
Background
The documents in the development action plan of energy storage technology specialty (2020-2024) indicate that "energy storage technology plays a crucial role in promoting energy production and consumption, open sharing, flexible trading, and collaborative development, and promoting energy revolution and new energy state development. The energy storage industry and the energy storage technology are used as core supports for new energy development and cover various requirements such as a power supply side, a power grid side, a user side, a resident side, a social functional energy storage facility and the like.
The storage battery is an important energy storage element, and along with the rapid development of storage battery technology and the wide application in the fields of electronic equipment, industrial application electric automobiles and the like in recent years, the performance requirement on the storage battery is higher and higher, but when the storage battery is in a low-temperature environment, the discharge capacity of the battery is attenuated, the discharge voltage is reduced and the like; when the storage battery is in a high-temperature condition, the power consumption of the storage battery is too fast due to the rise of the environmental temperature and the heat dissipation of the storage battery, and the like. When the external temperature and the temperature of the electrolyte of the storage battery are reduced, the internal resistance of the storage battery and the viscosity of the electrolyte are increased, the electrochemical reaction speed of the storage battery is slowed, and the electrolyte is difficult to penetrate into the inner layer of the polar plate, so that the active substances in the inner layer of the polar plate cannot be fully utilized when the storage battery discharges, the actual output capacity of the storage battery is reduced, and the starting capacity of the storage battery is insufficient in a low-temperature environment; when the external temperature and the temperature of the electrolyte of the storage battery rise, the contradiction between heat preservation at low temperature and heat dissipation at high temperature needs to be properly handled under the condition of high temperature caused by heat dissipation of the storage battery and the temperature increase of the vehicle.
Secondly, the active temperature switch can not work normally even at low temperature, so that the shape of the active temperature switch is naturally changed according to the change of the temperature by using the passive memory alloy, and the switching of the switch is realized;
in order to properly handle the contradiction between low-temperature heat preservation and high-temperature heat dissipation, a composite storage battery device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation and a using method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a composite storage battery pack device for low-temperature starting and temperature regulation and a using method thereof.
The heating resistance wire of the electric heating layer is electrified by utilizing the low-temperature starting characteristic of the super capacitor in a cold region low-temperature environment, and the heat emitted by the electrified resistance wire raises the temperature of the storage battery set positioned in the electric heating layer to realize the low-temperature starting of the storage battery set; under the working condition of a non-cold area, the heat absorption performance of the phase change energy storage module and the evaporation and heat absorption of the cotton cloth layer added with water and the heat dissipation of the shutter are utilized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a composite storage battery device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation comprises a storage battery module, a control module, a super capacitor module, an electric heating layer, a phase change energy storage layer, a cotton cloth layer, a water tank and a shell;
according to the composite storage battery pack device capable of being started at low temperature and adjusting temperature, the storage battery module, the control module and the super capacitor module are located on the innermost layer of the device, the electric heating layer and the phase change energy storage layer are sequentially installed from the innermost layer to the outside, a cotton cloth layer is laid outside the phase change energy storage layer, the outer layer of the cotton cloth layer is covered by a shell, and a shutter is covered outside the shell;
the shutter is not covered at the position of the water tank, and other parts are covered by shutters;
the electric heating layer, the phase change energy storage layer and the cotton cloth layer coat the innermost storage battery module, the control module and the super capacitor module, one side of the super capacitor module is close to the water tank, and the electric heating layer, the phase change energy storage layer and the cotton cloth layer are coated by the shell together;
the control module is internally provided with a first DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, a third DC/DC converter, a fourth DC/DC converter, a controller, a main switch, a first temperature switch and a second temperature switch;
the main switch is a double-pole single-throw switch (namely two lines of the main switch are pressed down and simultaneously switched on), the first temperature switch is a single-pole double-throw switch made of memory alloy, and the second temperature switch is a single-pole single-throw switch made of memory alloy;
one end of the first DC/DC converter is connected to the storage battery through a lead, and the other end of the first DC/DC converter is connected to the direct current bus through a lead; one end of the second DC/DC converter is connected to the super capacitor through a lead, the other end of the second DC/DC converter is divided into two branches by a first temperature switch, a contact B of the first temperature switch is connected to the direct current bus through a lead, a contact C of the first temperature switch is connected to one end of a main switch through a lead, the other end of the main switch is connected to one end of the electric heating layer through a lead, and the other end of the electric heating layer is connected to the ground through a lead; one end of the third DC/DC converter is connected to one end of the main switch through a lead, the other end of the main switch is connected with a contact B of the second temperature switch through a lead, a contact A of the second temperature switch is connected with the super capacitor module through a lead, and the other end of the third DC/DC converter is connected with the controller through a lead; one end of the fourth DC/DC converter is connected with the direct current bus through a lead, and the other end of the fourth DC/DC converter is connected to the controller through a lead;
the first DC/DC converter, the second DC/DC converter, the third DC/DC converter and the fourth DC/DC converter of the composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation are all connected to the controller through leads, and the first DC/DC converter controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery through the controller; the second DC/DC converter controls the charging of the super capacitor through the controller; the third DC/DC converter controls the discharge of the super capacitor through the controller; the fourth DC/DC converter is used for supplying power to the controller;
the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter are bidirectional DC/DC converters, and the third DC/DC converter and the fourth DC/DC converter are unidirectional DC/DC converters;
according to the composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation, a first temperature switch and a second temperature switch which are arranged in a control module and composed of memory alloy have a memory function, the first temperature switch composed of the memory alloy is in a contraction state under the condition of low temperature, and the first temperature switch is arranged in a branch where an electric heating layer is located under the contraction state; when the temperature rises, the single-pole double-throw switch made of memory alloy is naturally unfolded and restored to the original state due to the memory function and is arranged on a branch circuit connected with a direct-current bus; the second temperature switch made of memory alloy is in a contraction state at low temperature, the second temperature switch is closed in the contraction state, and when the temperature rises, the single-pole single-throw switch restores to the original state and is switched off;
the first temperature switch and the second temperature switch which are composed of memory alloy and arranged in the control module of the composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation are at the same temperature, so that the first temperature switch and the second temperature switch are simultaneously in a contraction state and simultaneously restore to the original state (in the low-temperature state, the first memory alloy of the first temperature switch is contacted with the C contact of the first temperature switch, namely, the first memory alloy is connected to the electric heating layer through the main switch; the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch is contacted with the B contact of the second temperature switch, namely, the second memory alloy is connected to the controller through the main switch and the third DC/DC converter); after the main switch is pressed down, two branches where the main switch is located are connected, wherein one branch is a super capacitor module, a second DC/DC module, a first temperature switch C contact, an electric heating layer and a ground, and the other branch is a super capacitor second temperature switch B contact, a third DC/DC module and a controller;
the starting process of the composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation is described in the following three cases;
(1) the start-up procedure at low temperature was: the main switch is turned on (two branches where the main switch is located are both connected), because the main switch is in a low-temperature state, a second memory alloy of a second temperature switch formed by memory alloys is connected with a contact B of the second temperature switch, a first memory alloy of a first temperature switch is connected with a contact C of a first temperature switch (namely, the first memory alloy is connected with an electric heating layer through the main switch), after the super capacitor supplies power to the controller, the super capacitor is controlled to realize the discharge of the super capacitor and supply power to the electric heating layer, the electric heating layer emits heat after being powered on, so that the temperature of the storage battery positioned in the electric heating layer is increased, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery is reduced, the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte is increased, the electrochemical reaction speed of the storage battery is accelerated, and the output capacity of the storage battery is increased; along with the normal operation of the storage battery, the internal temperature of the device rises, so that the first memory alloy and the second memory alloy of the first temperature switch and the second temperature switch are naturally unfolded due to the memory function and restore to the original state (namely the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch is not communicated with the contact B of the second temperature switch; in the starting process of the storage battery, heat generated by heating of the electric heating layer and heat dissipation of the storage battery is absorbed by the phase change energy storage layer coated outside the electric heating layer, and after the heat generated by heating of the storage battery and the electric heating layer is stored, the heat can be reused in low-temperature starting, the working temperature of the storage battery can be kept constant in a proper range, and meanwhile, the shortening of endurance mileage brought under a low-temperature environment can be avoided;
when the storage battery is used, the storage battery works in a cold region and a non-cold region, and the states are not switched immediately in time; therefore, when the device works in a cold area, no water is in the water tank outside the device, and the cotton cloth layer coated outside the phase change energy storage layer is dry, so that heat preservation is facilitated; when the device works in a non-cold area, water is filled in a water tank positioned outside the device, and a cotton cloth layer coated outside the phase change energy storage layer is wet, so that heat dissipation is facilitated;
in a cold area low-temperature environment, the super capacitor discharges to heat the storage battery, and the storage battery starts to work; the storage battery naturally heats when working, and the phase change heat storage performance of the phase change material and the heat insulation performance of the cotton cloth layer keep the storage battery in a temperature range capable of normally working when the storage battery is suspended for a period of time, and the storage battery is started again at the moment, so that the electric heating layer does not need to be heated through the super capacitor, and the electric energy of the super capacitor is saved; when the storage battery stops working for a long time and is started again, the super capacitor is started to heat the heating layer due to the heat dissipation of the energy storage layer and the cotton cloth layer, and the starting process in the low-temperature environment is repeated; after the storage battery is started, if the super capacitor is not in a full-electric-quantity state, the controller controls the second DC/DC converter to charge the super capacitor through the direct-current bus;
(2) the starting process at normal temperature is as follows: under the normal temperature environment, the capacity of the storage battery, namely the electric energy which can be provided by the storage battery, is in a normal state, and in the environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery and the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte are in normal conditions, so that the heating resistance wire is not required to be heated by a super capacitor to improve the activity of the storage battery, and the storage battery is directly controlled to be turned on and off by a switch of the storage battery;
the phase change material coated outside the electric heating layer absorbs heat generated by the working of the storage battery, so that the storage battery is uniformly heated and heat dissipation is facilitated;
under the normal temperature environment, the water tank positioned outside the device has no water, and the cotton cloth layer coated outside the phase change energy storage layer is dried, so that the heat preservation is facilitated;
(3) the start-up procedure at high temperature was: under the high-temperature environment, the battery capacity of the storage battery, namely the electric energy which can be provided by the storage battery, is in a normal state, and in the environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery and the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte are under normal conditions, so that the activity of the storage battery is improved without electrifying the electric heating layer through the super capacitor, and the storage battery is controlled to be turned on or turned off directly through a switch of the storage battery; the phase change energy storage layer coated outside the electric heating layer absorbs heat generated by the working of the storage battery, so that the storage battery is prevented from being overheated to ensure safety, and the storage battery is prevented from being overheated to ensure safety;
meanwhile, in a high-temperature environment, a water tank positioned outside the device is filled with water, the memory alloy positioned at the water outlet of the water tank naturally expands due to the rise of temperature and restores to the original shape to expose the water outlet, the water in the water tank flows into the cotton cloth layer through the water outlet, and after the cotton cloth layer absorbs water, the water in the cotton cloth layer evaporates due to the rise of the temperature of the phase change energy storage layer, so that the water evaporates and absorbs heat, and the heat dissipation effect of the storage battery is achieved;
the phase-change temperature of the phase-change energy storage layer is 20-30 ℃, so that the storage battery is kept at a normal working temperature in a low-temperature environment; the problem of overhigh internal temperature of the device caused by the heat dissipation of the storage battery can be effectively reduced at normal temperature and high temperature;
the phase-change material is utilized to carry out heat preservation and heat dissipation on the storage battery through the heat absorption and heat release characteristics in the solid-liquid/liquid-solid phase-change process;
the passive memory alloy is used as the temperature switch, so that the defect that the active temperature switch cannot normally work due to the power supply problem of a power supply in a low-temperature environment is overcome;
the cotton cloth layer is made of materials which are heat-insulating and easy to absorb water, such as towels and cotton cloth, and is dried in a low-temperature environment to play a role in heat insulation; under the normal temperature environment, the storage battery is heated uniformly and is beneficial to heat dissipation; in a high-temperature environment, because water in the water tank flows into the cotton cloth layer through the water outlet hole, the cotton cloth layer absorbs the water and absorbs the heat through the evaporation of the water to effectively dissipate the heat of the storage battery;
the invention utilizes the low-temperature characteristic of the super capacitor, the super capacitor has the characteristic of normal work within the temperature range of-40 to +70 ℃, and can play the roles of protecting the storage battery and prolonging the service life of the storage battery;
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the passive memory alloy is used as a temperature switch to control the connection and disconnection of the super capacitor module, the direct current bus and the heating resistance wire, so that the problem that active devices such as a temperature sensor and a circuit thereof cannot normally work due to the fact that a power supply cannot be started in a low-temperature environment is solved;
(2) the solid-liquid phase change heat absorption and liquid-solid phase change heat release characteristics of the phase change material are utilized to fully absorb heat dissipation in the normal working process of the storage battery and preserve heat in the short shutdown process;
(3) the normal temperature of the device is ensured by utilizing the heat preservation and water evaporation heat dissipation characteristics of heat preservation and water absorption materials such as towels and cotton cloth under the dry condition and the wet condition.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the interior of the device;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first temperature switch;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second temperature switch;
in the figure, 1-storage battery, 2-control module, 3-super capacitor, 4-electric heating layer, 5-phase change energy storage layer, 6-cotton layer, 7-water tank, 8-shell, 9-shutter, 10 a-water tank water inlet, 10 b-water tank water outlet, 11 a-storage battery charging port, 11 b-storage battery discharging port, 12 a-first DC/DC converter, 12 b-second DC/DC converter, 12 c-third DC/DC converter, 12 d-fourth DC/DC converter, 13-controller, 14 a-first memory alloy, 14 b-second memory alloy, 15-direct current bus, S1-main switch, S2-first temperature switch, S3-second temperature switch, S2 a-contact a of the first temperature switch, S2B-contact B of the first temperature switch, S2C-contact C of the first temperature switch, S3 a-contact a of the second temperature switch, S3B-contact B of the second temperature switch.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The composite battery pack device with low-temperature start and high-low temperature regulation and the use method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the whole device is box-shaped and is divided into five layers from inside to outside, the first layer comprises three parts, namely a storage battery 1, a control module 2 and a super capacitor 3 from right to left, the second layer is an electric heating layer 4, the third layer is a phase change energy storage layer 5, the fourth layer is a cotton cloth layer 6, and the fifth layer is a shell 8;
the second electric heating layer 4, the third phase change energy storage layer 5 and the fourth cotton cloth layer 6 wrap the innermost storage battery 1, the control module 2 and the super capacitor 3 on three sides, a water tank 7 is arranged on the left wall of the super capacitor 3 close to the first layer, a water tank water inlet 10a and a water tank water outlet 10b are arranged on the left wall of the water tank 7, and the water tank water inlet 10a and the water tank water outlet 10b are used for filling and discharging water for the water tank 7;
the right wall of the storage battery 1 is provided with a charging port/discharging port, the charging port/discharging port of the storage battery 1 penetrates through the electric heating layer 4, the phase change energy storage layer 5, the cotton cloth layer 6 and the shell 8 through corresponding charging/discharging channels, then is connected to a storage battery charging port 11 a/a storage battery discharging port 11b on the right wall of the shell 8, charges the storage battery 1 through the storage battery charging port 11a, and is connected to a load through the storage battery discharging port 11b to supply the load to work;
the composite storage battery device started at low temperature and adjusted in temperature utilizes the characteristics of water evaporation and heat dissipation to dissipate heat of the device after the heat absorption of the phase change energy storage layer 5 and the water absorption of materials such as cotton cloth and towels in the cotton cloth layer 6 under the condition of high temperature, so that the storage battery 1 can work within a normal working temperature range;
the storage battery can be selected from common lithium ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and lead-acid batteries;
the shutter 9 is arranged on the shell 8, and the shutter 9 is closed in low-temperature environments such as winter, so that the heat insulation performance of the device is improved; in summer with higher ambient temperature, the shutter 9 is opened, so that the water evaporation and heat dissipation of the cotton cloth layer 6 and the heat exchange of the device are facilitated;
the phase-change energy storage layer 5 can be made of composite phase-change energy storage materials, the phase-change temperature of the phase-change materials is guaranteed to be 20-30 ℃, and the heat generated by the operation of the electric heating layer 4 and the storage battery 1 can be absorbed by the phase-change energy storage layer 5 under a low-temperature environment, so that the temperature in the device is stabilized within the normal temperature range of the operation of the storage battery; under the condition of high temperature, the storage battery 1 is ensured to work in a normal temperature range;
the phase-change material in the phase-change energy storage layer 5 can be an inorganic phase-change constant-temperature material (PCM-20) with the temperature of 20 ℃, and the phase-change constant-temperature material contains 32% by mass of calcium chloride hexahydrate, 5% by mass of glycerol, 4.5% by mass of potassium persulfate, 4% by mass of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 6.2% by mass of acrylic acid, 2.8% by mass of sodium chloride, 45.5% by mass of water and the like;
preferably, the electric heating layer 4 can adopt a common heating resistance wire to complete the function of the electric heating layer 4;
preferably, the cotton cloth layer 6 may be made of materials with high water absorption, such as cotton cloth and towel, which are heat-insulating when dried, but not limited to cotton cloth and towel.
A first DC/DC converter 12a and a second DC/DC converter 12b are arranged on the right side in the control module 2, a third DC/DC converter 12c and a fourth DC/DC converter 12d are arranged on the left side, a controller 13 is arranged in the middle of the control module, one end of the first DC/DC converter 12a is connected to the storage battery 1 through a lead, and the other end of the first DC/DC converter 12a is connected to the direct current bus 15 through a lead; one end of the second DC/DC converter 12B is connected to the supercapacitor 3 through a lead wire, the other end is divided into two branches by a first temperature switch S2, a B contact S2B of the first temperature switch is connected to the direct current bus 15 through a lead wire, a C contact S2C of the first temperature switch is connected to one end of a main switch S1 through a lead wire, the other end of the main switch S1 is connected to one end of the electric heating layer 4 through a lead wire, and the other end of the electric heating layer 4 is connected to the ground through a lead wire; one end of the third DC/DC converter 12c is connected to one end of a main switch S1 through a lead, the other end of the main switch S1 is connected with a B contact S3B of the second temperature switch through a lead, an A contact S3a of the second temperature switch is connected with the super capacitor 3 through a lead, and the other end of the third DC/DC converter 12c is connected to the controller 13 through a lead; one end of the fourth DC/DC converter 12d is connected to the DC bus 15 by a lead wire, and the other end is connected to the controller 13 by a lead wire;
the first temperature switch S2 is a single-pole double-throw switch composed of a first memory alloy 14a, under a low-temperature environment, the first temperature switch S2 is in a contracted state, the first memory alloy 14a of the first temperature switch S2 contacts the C contact S2C of the first temperature switch in the contracted state, when the main switch S1 is pressed down, the super capacitor 3, the second DC/DC converter 12b and the electric heating layer 4 are conducted, the super capacitor 3 supplies power to the electric heating layer 4, the electric heating layer 4 generates heat, and the heat is generated to improve the activity of the storage battery 1, so that the storage battery 1 can work normally; under normal temperature and high temperature conditions, the first temperature switch S2 naturally expands due to the "memory" function of the first memory alloy 14a, the first memory alloy 14a of the first temperature switch S2 contacts the B contact S2B of the first temperature switch, at this time, the super capacitor 3, the second DC/DC converter 12B and the DC bus 15 are conducted, and when the super capacitor 3 is not full of electricity, the controller 13 sends a signal to control the second DC/DC converter 12B to charge the super capacitor 3 through the DC bus 15; the second temperature switch S3 is a single-pole single-throw switch composed of a second memory alloy 14B, under a low-temperature environment, the second memory alloy 14B of the second temperature switch S3 is in a contracted state, the second memory alloy 14B of the second temperature switch S3 contacts a B contact of the second temperature switch in the contracted state, when the main switch S1 is pressed, the super capacitor 3 and the first DC/DC converter 12a are conducted with the controller 13, and the super capacitor 3 supplies power to the controller 13 through a third DC/DC converter 12 c;
the main switch S1 is a double-pole single-throw switch (namely two lines of the main switch are simultaneously switched on when being pressed);
the starting process of the composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation is described in the following three cases;
(1) the start-up procedure at low temperature was: when the main switch S1 is turned on (i.e. both branches where the main switch S1 is located are turned on), since the main switch is in a low temperature state, the second memory alloy 14B of the second temperature switch S3 made of memory alloy turns on the second temperature switch B contact S3B, the first memory alloy 14a of the first temperature switch S2 turns on the first temperature switch C contact S2C (i.e. the main switch S1 is conducted with the electric heating layer 4), and after the super capacitor 3 supplies power to the controller 13, the second DC/DC converter 12b is controlled to realize the discharge of the super capacitor 3 to cause the work of the heating resistance wire of the electric heating layer 4, the heating resistance wire emits heat after being electrified, so that the temperature of the storage battery 1 positioned in the electric heating layer 4 is increased, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery 1 is reduced, the ion diffusion speed in the electrolyte is increased, the electrochemical reaction speed of the storage battery 1 is accelerated, and the output capacity of the storage battery 1 is increased; along with the normal operation of the storage battery 1, the internal temperature of the device rises, so that the first temperature switch S2 and the first memory alloy 14a and the second memory alloy 14B of the second temperature switch S3 are naturally unfolded due to the memory function and restore to the original state (namely the second memory alloy 14B of the second temperature switch S3 is not communicated with the B contact S3B of the second temperature switch; the first memory alloy 14a of the first temperature switch S2 is communicated with the B contact S2B of the first temperature switch), and when the electric quantity of the super capacitor 3 is reduced, the controller 13 of the control module 2 controls the second DC/DC converter 12B to charge the super capacitor 3 through the DC bus 15; in the starting process of the storage battery 1, heat generated by heating of the heating resistance wire of the electric heating layer 4 and working heat dissipation of the storage battery 1 is absorbed by the phase change energy storage layer 5 coated outside the electric heating layer 4, and after the heat generated by working of the storage battery 1 and heating of the electric heating layer 4 is stored, the heat can be reused in low-temperature starting, the working temperature of the storage battery 1 can be kept within a proper range, the consistency of the temperature of the battery can be ensured, and meanwhile, the shortening of the endurance mileage brought under a low-temperature environment can be avoided;
meanwhile, in a low-temperature environment, no water exists in a water tank positioned outside the device, and the cotton cloth layer 6 coated outside the phase change energy storage layer 5 is dried, so that heat preservation is facilitated;
in a low-temperature environment, the storage battery 1 stops after working for a certain time, the storage battery 1 is kept in a temperature range capable of working normally due to the phase change heat storage performance of the phase change energy storage layer 5 and the heat preservation performance of the cotton cloth layer 6, the storage battery 1 is started again at the moment, the electric heating layer 4 does not need to be heated through the super capacitor 3, and if the super capacitor 3 is not in a full-electricity state, the controller 13 controls the second DC/DC converter 12b to charge the super capacitor 3 through the direct current bus 15; when the next use time is too long from the last use time, the heat stored in the phase change energy storage layer 5 is dissipated, the storage battery 1 recovers the low-temperature state, and the starting process in the low-temperature environment is repeated;
(2) the starting process at normal temperature is as follows: under the normal temperature environment, the capacity of the storage battery 1, namely the electric energy which can be provided by the storage battery, is in a normal state, in the environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery 1 and the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte are in normal conditions, so the activity of the storage battery 1 is improved without heating the electric heating layer 4 through the super capacitor 3, and the opening and closing of the storage battery 1 are controlled directly through a switch of the storage battery 1;
the phase change energy storage layer 5 coated outside the electric heating layer 4 absorbs heat generated by the working of the storage battery 1, so that the storage battery 1 is uniformly heated and heat dissipation is facilitated;
under the normal temperature environment, the water tank 7 positioned outside the device has no water, and the cotton cloth layer 6 coated outside the phase change energy storage layer 5 is dried, so that the heat preservation is facilitated;
(3) the start-up procedure at high temperature was: under a high-temperature environment, the battery capacity of the storage battery 1, namely the electric energy which can be provided by the storage battery 1, is in a normal state, in the environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery 1 and the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte are under normal conditions, so that the activity of the storage battery 1 is improved without electrifying the heating resistance wire of the electric heating layer 4 through the super capacitor 3, and the opening and closing of the storage battery 1 are controlled directly through the switch of the storage battery 1; the phase change energy storage layer 5 coated outside the electric heating layer 4 absorbs heat generated by the working of the storage battery 1, so that the storage battery 1 is prevented from being overheated to ensure safety;
meanwhile, in a high-temperature environment, the water tank 7 positioned outside the device is filled with water, the memory alloy positioned at the water outlet hole 10b of the water tank naturally expands due to the rise of temperature and restores to the original state to expose the water outlet hole, the water in the water tank 7 flows into the cotton cloth layer 6 through the water outlet hole, and after the cotton cloth layer 6 absorbs water, the water in the cotton cloth layer 6 evaporates due to the rise of the temperature of the phase change energy storage layer 5, so that the water evaporates and absorbs heat, and the function of dissipating heat of the storage battery 1 is achieved;
the water tank 7 is in a water-free state in low-temperature environments such as a cold region; when work in non-cold district, live full water for 7 water tanks through water tank water inlet 10a, at device operation in-process, because battery 1 heat dissipation, the device temperature that the ambient temperature risees the scheduling problem leads to is high can make the temperature switch who comprises memory alloy of water tank delivery port 10b department expand, expose water tank delivery port 10b, make rivers in 7 water tanks in the water tank go into cotton layer 6, cotton in the cotton layer 6, material hydroscopicity such as towel is strong, absorb water the back because the evaporation heat dissipation of water gives the device heat dissipation.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the principles of the invention as described in the foregoing embodiments and the description may be applied to various applications and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A composite storage battery pack device with low-temperature starting and temperature regulation is characterized in that: the device comprises a storage battery, a control module, a super capacitor module, an electric heating layer, a phase change energy storage layer, a cotton cloth layer, a water tank and a shell;
the device is integrally box-shaped, the storage battery, the control module and the super capacitor module are positioned on the innermost layer of the box body, the electric heating layer and the phase change energy storage layer are sequentially arranged from the innermost layer to the outside, a cotton cloth layer is laid outside the phase change energy storage layer, the outer layer of the cotton cloth layer is covered by a shell, and a shutter is covered outside the shell;
the electric heating layer, the phase change energy storage layer and the cotton cloth layer coat the innermost storage battery module, the control module and the super capacitor module, one side of the super capacitor module is close to the water tank, and the electric heating layer, the phase change energy storage layer and the cotton cloth layer are coated by the shell together;
a first DC/DC converter, a second DC/DC converter, a third DC/DC converter, a fourth DC/DC converter, a controller, a main switch, a first temperature switch and a second temperature switch are arranged in the control module; the main switch is a double-pole single-throw switch, the first temperature switch is a single-pole double-throw switch made of memory alloy, and the second temperature switch is a single-pole single-throw switch made of memory alloy; the first DC/DC converter, the second DC/DC converter, the third DC/DC converter and the fourth DC/DC converter are all connected to the controller through leads, and the first DC/DC converter controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery through the controller; the second DC/DC converter controls the charging of the super capacitor through the controller; the third DC/DC converter controls the discharge of the super capacitor through the controller; the fourth DC/DC converter is used for supplying power to the controller;
the first temperature switch and the second temperature switch which are arranged in the control module are made of memory alloy and have a memory function, the first temperature switch made of the memory alloy is in a contraction state under the condition of low temperature, and the first temperature switch is arranged on a branch where the electric heating layer is located under the contraction state; when the temperature rises, the single-pole double-throw switch made of memory alloy is naturally unfolded and restored to the original state due to the memory function and is arranged on a branch circuit connected with a direct-current bus; the second temperature switch made of memory alloy is in a contraction state at low temperature, the second temperature switch is closed in the contraction state, and when the temperature rises, the single-pole single-throw switch restores to the original state and is switched off.
2. The cold-start and temperature-regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter are bidirectional DC/DC converters, and the third DC/DC converter and the fourth DC/DC converter are unidirectional DC/DC converters;
one end of the first DC/DC converter is connected to the storage battery through a lead, and the other end of the first DC/DC converter is connected to the direct current bus through a lead; one end of the second DC/DC converter is connected to the super capacitor through a lead, the other end of the second DC/DC converter is divided into two branches by a first temperature switch, a contact B of the first temperature switch is connected to the direct current bus through a lead, a contact C of the first temperature switch is connected to one end of a main switch through a lead, the other end of the main switch is connected to one end of the electric heating layer through a lead, and the other end of the electric heating layer is connected to the ground through a lead; one end of the third DC/DC converter is connected to one end of the main switch through a lead, the other end of the main switch is connected with a contact B of the second temperature switch through a lead, a contact A of the second temperature switch is connected with the super capacitor module through a lead, and the other end of the third DC/DC converter is connected with the controller through a lead; one end of the fourth DC/DC converter is connected with the direct current bus through a lead wire, and the other end of the fourth DC/DC converter is connected with the controller through a lead wire.
3. The cold-start and temperature-regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 2, characterized in that: first temperature switch, second temperature switch are under same temperature, are in shrink state, simultaneously the reconversion: under the low temperature state, the first memory alloy of the first temperature switch contacts the C contact of the first temperature switch, namely is connected to the electric heating layer through the main switch; the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch is contacted with the B contact of the second temperature switch, namely the second memory alloy is connected with the controller through the main switch and the third DC/DC converter;
after the main switch is pressed down, two branches where the main switch is located are connected, wherein one branch is a super capacitor module, a second DC/DC module, a first temperature switch C contact, an electric heating layer and the ground, and the other branch is a super capacitor second temperature switch B contact, a third DC/DC module and a controller.
4. The cold-start and temperature-regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phase change energy storage layer comprises an inorganic phase change constant temperature material PCM-20 at the temperature of 20 ℃, and the phase change temperature of the phase change energy storage layer is between 20 and 30 ℃, so that the storage battery is ensured to be at a normal working temperature in a low-temperature environment; the problem of overhigh internal temperature of the device caused by the heat dissipation of the storage battery can be effectively reduced at normal temperature and high temperature.
5. The cold-start and temperature-regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cotton cloth layer is made of heat-insulating and water-absorbing materials and comprises a towel or cotton cloth; under the low temperature environment, the cotton cloth layer is dried, so that the heat preservation effect is achieved; under the normal temperature environment, the storage battery is heated uniformly and is beneficial to heat dissipation; under high temperature environment, because the water in the water tank flows into the cotton layer through the apopore, the cotton layer absorbs water the back, carries out effectual heat dissipation to the battery through the evaporation heat absorption of water and prevents that the battery from overheated guaranteeing safety.
6. The cold-start and temperature-regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the storage battery is one of a lithium ion battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery, a nickel-cadmium battery and a lead-acid battery; the right wall of the storage battery is provided with a charging port/discharging port, the charging port/discharging port of the storage battery penetrates through the electric heating layer, the phase change material layer, the cotton cloth layer and the shell through the corresponding charging/discharging channel, then is connected to the charging port/discharging port of the storage battery on the right wall of the shell, charges the storage battery through the charging port of the storage battery, and is connected to a load through the discharging port of the storage battery to supply load work.
7. The cold-start and temperature-regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water tank is installed on the left side of the super capacitor, a water tank water inlet and a water tank water outlet are installed on the left wall of the water tank, and the water tank water inlet and the water tank water outlet are used for filling water into the water tank and discharging water.
8. The cold-start and temperature-regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the louver is arranged on the shell, and is closed in low-temperature environments such as winter, so that the heat insulation performance of the device is improved; in summer with higher ambient temperature, the shutter is opened, so that the water evaporation and heat dissipation of the cotton cloth layer and the heat exchange of the device are facilitated.
9. A method for using the low-temperature starting and temperature-adjusting hybrid battery pack device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the start-up procedure includes the following three cases:
(1) the start-up procedure at low temperature was: starting a main switch, and connecting two branches where the main switch is located; because the temperature sensor is in a low-temperature state, the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch made of the memory alloy is communicated with the contact B of the second temperature switch, and the first memory alloy of the first temperature switch is communicated with the contact C of the first temperature switch, namely the first temperature switch is communicated with the electric heating layer through the main switch; after the super capacitor supplies power to the controller, the second DC/DC converter is controlled to realize the discharge of the super capacitor and supply power to the electric heating layer, and the electric heating layer emits heat after being electrified, so that the temperature of a storage battery positioned in the electric heating layer is increased, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery is reduced, the ion diffusion speed in the electrolyte is increased, the electrochemical reaction speed of the storage battery is accelerated, and the output capacity of the storage battery is increased; along with the normal operation of battery, the inside temperature of device rises, leads to first, the second memory alloy of first, the second temperature switch to expand naturally owing to "memory" function, and the reconversion: namely, the second memory alloy of the second temperature switch is not communicated with the contact B of the second temperature switch; the first memory alloy of the first temperature switch is connected with the contact B of the first temperature switch; when the electric quantity of the super capacitor is reduced, the controller of the control module controls the second DC/DC converter to charge the super capacitor through the direct current bus; in the starting process of the storage battery, heat generated by heating of the electric heating layer and working heat dissipation of the storage battery is absorbed by the phase change energy storage layer coated outside the electric heating layer, and the heat generated by working of the storage battery and heating of the electric heating layer can be reused in low-temperature starting after being stored, so that the working temperature of the storage battery can be kept constant within 20-30 ℃, and meanwhile, the shortening of endurance mileage brought under a low-temperature environment can be avoided;
in a cold area low-temperature environment, the super capacitor discharges to heat the storage battery, and the storage battery starts to work; the storage battery naturally heats when working, and the phase change heat storage performance of the phase change material and the heat insulation performance of the cotton cloth layer keep the storage battery in a temperature range capable of normally working when the storage battery is temporarily suspended for a short time, so that the storage battery is started again, the electric heating layer is not required to be heated through the super capacitor, and the electric energy of the super capacitor is saved; when the storage battery stops working for a long time, the super capacitor is started again to heat the electric heating layer, and the starting process in the low-temperature environment is repeated; after the storage battery is started, if the super capacitor is not in a full-electric-quantity state, the controller controls the second DC/DC converter to charge the super capacitor through the direct-current bus;
(2) the starting process at normal temperature is as follows: under the normal temperature environment, the capacity of the storage battery, namely the electric energy which can be provided by the storage battery, is in a normal state, and in the environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery and the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte are under normal conditions, so that the activity of the storage battery is improved without heating a heating resistance wire through a super capacitor, and the storage battery is controlled to be turned on and off directly through a switch of the storage battery;
the phase change material coated outside the electric heating layer absorbs heat generated by the working of the storage battery, so that the storage battery is uniformly heated and heat dissipation is facilitated;
(3) the start-up procedure at high temperature was: under the high-temperature environment, the battery capacity of the storage battery, namely the electric energy which can be provided by the storage battery, is in a normal state, and in the environment, the viscosity of the electrolyte of the storage battery and the diffusion speed of ions in the electrolyte are under normal conditions, so that the activity of the storage battery is improved without electrifying the electric heating layer through the super capacitor, and the storage battery is controlled to be turned on or off by directly switching on or switching off the storage battery; the phase change energy storage layer coated outside the electric heating layer absorbs heat generated by the working of the storage battery, so that the storage battery is prevented from being overheated to ensure safety.
10. The use method of the cold start and temperature regulation hybrid battery pack device according to claim 9, characterized in that:
when the storage battery is used, the storage battery works in a cold region and a non-cold region, and the states are not switched immediately in time; therefore, when the device works in a cold area, no water is in the water tank outside the device, and the cotton cloth layer coated outside the phase change energy storage layer is dry, so that heat preservation is facilitated; when the device works in a non-cold area, water is filled in a water tank positioned outside the device, and a cotton cloth layer coated outside the phase change energy storage layer is wet, so that heat dissipation is facilitated;
under the normal temperature environment, the water tank positioned outside the device has no water, and the cotton cloth layer coated outside the phase change energy storage layer is dried, so that the heat preservation is facilitated;
under high temperature environment, the water tank that is located the device outside is full of water, and the memory alloy that is located water tank delivery port department expands naturally owing to the rising of temperature, and the reconversion exposes the apopore, and the water in the water tank flows into the cotton layer through the apopore, and after the cotton layer absorbed water, because the rising of phase change energy storage layer temperature, the water evaporation in the cotton layer, the water evaporation heat absorption plays the radiating effect of battery.
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| CN114142113B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-07-14 | 宁波三星智能电气有限公司 | Charging device and charging control method |
| CN114583333A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-06-03 | 徐州徐工挖掘机械有限公司 | Engineering machine tool battery heating device |
| CN116094121B (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2024-01-23 | 上海中车汉格船舶与海洋工程有限公司 | Composite energy storage-based ship comprehensive power system |
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