CN204992738U - Integration fuel cell power supply system - Google Patents
Integration fuel cell power supply system Download PDFInfo
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- CN204992738U CN204992738U CN201520346377.2U CN201520346377U CN204992738U CN 204992738 U CN204992738 U CN 204992738U CN 201520346377 U CN201520346377 U CN 201520346377U CN 204992738 U CN204992738 U CN 204992738U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The utility model provides an integration fuel cell power supply system has improved the degree of integrating of system, has reduced the volume of system. This system includes: fuel cell unit (4), main control unit (16), the power module of charging (15), discharge power module (18), hold cell (5), the power module of charging (15) one end with fuel cell unit (4) are connected, the other end with it connects to hold cell (5), discharge power module (18) one end with holding cell (5) and connecting, the other end is connected with load (6), the logic control of the power module of charging (15) and discharge power module (18) by accomplish main control unit (16), main control unit (16) control the power module of charging (15) realize by fuel cell unit (4) are to holding charging of cell (5), main control unit (16) control discharge power module (18) realize by hold cell (5) discharging to load (6).
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to fuel cell field, particularly relates to a kind of integrated fuel battery electric power system.
Background technology
Fuel cell (FuelCell) is the electrochemical appliance chemical energy of reactant being converted into electric energy.Monomer whose battery is made up of positive and negative two electrodes (negative pole and fuel electrode and positive pole and oxidant electrode) and electrolyte.Fuel cell comprises phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) etc.As shown in Figure 1, in traditional fuel utilization mode, need to carry out heat exchange, as thermal power generation, need first the chemical energy of the fuel such as coal, oil, natural gas to be converted to heat energy, thermal power transfer is kinetic energy, and kinetic energy is converted to electric energy.And for example in internal combustion engine drive systems, need chemical energy to be converted to heat energy, thermal power transfer is kinetic energy.In the process of heat trnasfer, heat engine is subject to the restriction of Carnot cycle, and conversion efficiency is 33%-35%, and nearly the energy of 2/3 scatters and disappears with the form of heat energy in transfer process.And fuel cell is owing to being utilize electrochemical reaction that chemical energy is directly changed into electric energy, thus not by the restriction of Carnot cycle, conversion efficiency is high, and energy loss is few.
In prior art, electric power supply system of fuel cell adopts modular construction usually, as shown in Figure 2, chemical energy is electric energy by cell of fuel cell, power conversion unit converts electric energy to the use voltage of applicable load, before fuel cell does not start, outwards provide energy resource supply by storage battery, ensure output voltage stabilization.Fuel cell wherein plays the effect of power conversion, and storage battery plays the effect of energy storage.
Along with the continuous expansion of fuel cell system applications scene, how to make fuel cell system applications on mancarried electronic aid, become an important topic of current fuel cell field.This just needs the weight and volume as far as possible reducing fuel cell system, improves the integrated level of system.Existing fuel cell system many employings one-level/secondary DC/DC device realizes the voltage transition of fuel cell and storage battery, and in system, the controller of each module is separate, cannot realize the same logic control of fuel cell and storage battery.This not only adds the communication link between each module, reduce the reliability of transfer of data, and the fuel cell system structure formed is complicated, volume and weight is all very huge.
Utility model content
The utility model embodiment provides a kind of integrated fuel battery electric power system, single controller can be utilized to coordinate and manage electric power supply system of fuel cell, the integration degree of raising system, the volume of reduction system, reduce production cost, make this fuel cell system be convenient to be applied on portable product.
The utility model embodiment provides a kind of integrated fuel battery electric power system, and this system comprises: cell of fuel cell 4, master controller 16, charge power module 15, discharge power module 18, secondary battery unit 5;
Described charge power module 15 one end is connected with described cell of fuel cell 4, and the other end is connected with described secondary battery unit 5; Described discharge power module 18 one end is connected with described secondary battery unit 5, and the other end is connected with load 6;
Described charge power module 15 and discharge power module 18 are connected with described master controller 16 respectively; Described master controller 16 realizes by the charging of described cell of fuel cell 4 to secondary battery unit 5 by described charge power module 15; Described master controller 16 is realized by the electric discharge of described secondary battery unit 5 to load 6 by described discharge power module 18.
Wherein, described master controller 16 controls described charge power module 15 pairs of secondary battery units 5 and carries out constant current or constant-potential charge.
Wherein, comprise further: circuit 14 is filled with in counnter attack;
The input that circuit 14 is filled with in described counnter attack is connected with cell of fuel cell 4, and output is connected with load 6, discharges for blocking secondary battery unit 5 pairs of cell of fuel cell 4.
Wherein, it is a diode that circuit 14 is filled with in described counnter attack, or comprises at least two diodes in parallel, or metal-oxide-semiconductor circuit.
Wherein, comprise further: total current and total voltage transducer 17;
Described total current and total voltage transducer 17 fill with circuit 14 with counnter attack respectively and load 6 is connected, and total current is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16 with the holding wire of total voltage transducer 17, for detecting the total voltage and total current that whole system externally exports.
Wherein, described charge power module 15 comprises Power Electronic Circuit 151, current detection circuit 152, voltage detecting circuit 154 and pwm control circuit 153;
The input of Power Electronic Circuit 151 is connected with the output that circuit 14 is filled with in counnter attack as the input of charge power module 15; The output of Power Electronic Circuit 151 is connected with secondary battery unit 5 as the output of charge power module 15, and meanwhile, described Power Electronic Circuit 151 also comprises that electronic switch PWM holds, current sensor and voltage sensor;
Current detection circuit 152 one end is connected with the current sensor of Power Electronic Circuit 151, and the other end is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for detecting the charging current of secondary battery unit 5;
Voltage detecting circuit 154 one end is connected with the voltage sensor in Power Electronic Circuit 151, and the other end is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for detecting the charging voltage of secondary battery unit 5;
Pwm control circuit 153 one end is connected with the PWM delivery outlet of master controller 16, and the other end is held with the electronic switch PWM of Power Electronic Circuit 151 and is connected, and for receiving the pwm signal of master controller 16, controlling Power Electronic Circuit 151 pairs of secondary battery units 5 and charging.
Wherein, described Power Electronic Circuit 151 comprises the first metal-oxide-semiconductor 301, inductance 302, first diode 303, second diode 304 and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor 305;
The grid of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor 301 connects master controller 16, drain electrode connecting fuel battery unit 4, and source electrode is connected with the negative pole of the first diode 303 and one end of inductance 302 respectively; The grid of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor 305 connects master controller 16, source electrode connects secondary battery unit 5 negative pole, and drain electrode is connected with the other end of inductance 302 and the positive pole of the second diode 304 respectively; First diode 303 positive pole is connected with secondary battery unit 5 positive pole, and the second diode 304 negative pole is connected with secondary battery unit 5 negative pole.
Wherein, comprise further: battery balanced with safety monitoring circuit 156, described battery balanced and safety monitoring circuit 156 is connected between described secondary battery unit 5 and master controller 16.
Wherein, described secondary battery unit 5 is the lithium cells comprising at least one joint lithium battery.
Wherein, describedly battery balancedly safety monitoring special chip, battery balanced special chip, thermistor bleeder circuit, at least one metal-oxide-semiconductor and at least one current-limiting resistance is comprised with safety monitoring circuit 156;
Described thermistor bleeder circuit is connected with described safety monitoring special chip, for detecting each the under-voltage signal saving lithium battery, overvoltage signal and excess temperature signal; Described safety monitoring special chip is connected with each both positive and negative polarity saving lithium battery, and under-voltage signal, overvoltage signal and excess temperature signal are back to master controller 16;
Each metal-oxide-semiconductor described is connected with a current-limiting resistance, and it is in parallel to save lithium battery with one respectively; The grid of both positive and negative polarity and each metal-oxide-semiconductor that described battery balanced special chip saves lithium battery with each is respectively connected, and is connected with master controller 16 by spi bus.
Wherein, described safety monitoring special chip is AD8280; And/or described battery balanced special chip is AD7280.
Wherein, described discharge power module 18 is the direction power circuit be made up of electronic switch; The control end of described electronic switch is connected with master controller 16, and the loop of power circuit of described electronic switch is connected with the input of described charge power module 15 and output.
Wherein, described discharge power module 18 is the electronic switch be made up of metal-oxide-semiconductor.
Wherein, comprise further: fuel supply control module 10 and fuel supply 2;
Described fuel supply control module 10 comprises tail gas valve 101, intake valve 102 and pressure sensor 103;
Described intake valve 102 one end is supplied 2 with fuel and is connected by gas circuit, and the other end is connected by gas circuit with cell of fuel cell 4 import, and described intake valve 102 is for providing fuel gas to cell of fuel cell 4;
Described pressure sensor 103 measuring junction supplies 2 with fuel and is connected;
Described tail gas valve 101 one end is exported with cell of fuel cell 4 and is connected by gas circuit, and the other end is connected to its exterior gas outlet by gas circuit, and described tail gas valve 101 is for discharging the combustion tail gas of fuel gas;
Intake valve 102 is connected with the control end of master controller 16 respectively with the electric end of tail gas valve 101, and pressure sensor 103 is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16.
Wherein, described pressure sensor 103, intake valve 102 and tail gas valve 101 adopt pcb board installation fixing.
Wherein, comprise further: air supply control module 11 and fan 3;
Described air supply control module 11 comprises fan power supply control switch 111, rotation speed of the fan testing circuit 112 and fan pwm control circuit 113;
Fan pwm control circuit 112 one end is held with the PWM of master controller 16 and is connected, and the other end is connected with the control end of fan 3, for regulating rotation speed of the fan;
Rotation speed of the fan testing circuit 112 one end is connected with the speed feedback end of fan 3, and one end is connected with the analog input of master controller 16 in addition, for detecting rotation speed of the fan;
One end and the counnter attack of fan power switch 111 are filled with circuit 14 output and are connected, and one end is connected with fan 3 input supply terminal in addition, and the control end of fan power switch 111 is connected with the control end of master controller 16.
Wherein, comprise further: data acquisition module 12;
Described data acquisition module 12 comprises fuel battery voltage Acquisition Circuit 121, fuel cell current Acquisition Circuit 122, first temperature signal change-over circuit 123, second temperature signal change-over circuit 124 and temperature sensor 125;
The input of described first temperature signal change-over circuit 123 is connected with the temperature sensor of cell of fuel cell 4 inside, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16;
The input of described second temperature signal change-over circuit 124 is connected with environment temperature sensor 125, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for the ambient temperature that measuring system is run;
Described fuel battery voltage Acquisition Circuit 121 input is connected with the voltage sensor of cell of fuel cell 4 inside, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for gathering the voltage of cell of fuel cell 4;
Described fuel cell current Acquisition Circuit 122 input is connected with cell of fuel cell 4 internal current transducer, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for gathering the electric current of cell of fuel cell 4.
Wherein, comprise further: fuel battery performance improves unit 13;
Described fuel battery performance improves unit 13 output and is connected with the electric energy delivery outlet of cell of fuel cell 4, input is connected with the control end of master controller 16, makes described cell of fuel cell 4 discharge according to the electric current set and time to realize performance improvement under the control of described master controller 16.
Wherein, the electric current of described setting is 6-20 times of described cell of fuel cell 4 rated current; And/or the time of described setting is 20ms-400ms.
A kind of integrated fuel battery electric power system that the utility model embodiment provides, single master controller can be utilized can to coordinate and manage whole electric power system, reduce the communications between each module in whole fuel cell system, improve computational speed, increase the reliability of system; The integration degree of system can also be improved, reduce the volume of system, reduce production cost, make this fuel cell system be convenient to be applied on portable product.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 conventional electric power generation conversion process of energy figure.
Fig. 2 is fuel cell system topological diagram of the prior art.
The structured flowchart of a kind of integrated fuel cell system that Fig. 3 provides for the utility model embodiment.
Fig. 4 provides a kind of schematic flow sheet of master controller logic control method for the utility model embodiment.
Figure 5 shows that the structured flowchart of a kind of integrated fuel battery electric power system that the utility model one embodiment provides.
Figure 6 shows that the structural representation of the Power Electronic Circuit in a kind of charge power module that the utility model one embodiment provides.
The structured flowchart of a kind of integrated fuel cell system that Fig. 7 provides for the utility model one embodiment.
The one that Fig. 8 provides for the utility model embodiment is battery balanced with safety monitoring circuit diagram.
The flow chart that a kind of main controller controls modules that Fig. 9 provides for the utility model embodiment runs.
Figure 10 is proton exchange film fuel cell working principle figure.
In figure, symbol description is as follows:
Integral control system 1, fuel supply 2, fan 3, cell of fuel cell 4, secondary battery unit 5, load 6, master controller 16, charge power module 15, discharge power module 18, Power Electronic Circuit 151, current detection circuit 152, voltage detecting circuit 154, pwm control circuit 153, first metal-oxide-semiconductor 301, inductance 302, first diode 303, second diode 304 and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor 305, lithium battery equilibrium and safety monitoring circuit 156, circuit 14 is filled with in counnter attack, fuel supply control module 10, tail gas valve 101, intake valve 102, pressure sensor 103, air supply control module 11, fan power supply control switch 111, rotation speed of the fan testing circuit 112, fan pwm control circuit 113, data acquisition module 12, fuel battery voltage Acquisition Circuit 121, fuel cell current Acquisition Circuit 122, first temperature signal change-over circuit 123, second temperature signal change-over circuit 124, temperature sensor 125, fuel battery performance improves unit 13, total current and total voltage transducer 17.
Embodiment
For making the object of the utility model embodiment, technical scheme and advantage clearly, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the utility model embodiment, technical scheme in the utility model embodiment is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the utility model part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, all belong to the scope of the utility model protection.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of a kind of integrated fuel cell system that the utility model one embodiment provides.As shown in Figure 3, this integrated fuel cell system comprises cell of fuel cell 4, master controller 16, charge power module 15, discharge power module 18, secondary battery unit 5; Charge power module 15 one end is connected with cell of fuel cell 4, and the other end is connected with secondary battery unit 5; Discharge power module 18 one end is connected with secondary battery unit 5, and the other end is connected with load 6; Charge power module 15 is connected with master controller 16 respectively with discharge power module 18; Master controller 16 realizes by the charging of cell of fuel cell 4 to secondary battery unit 5 by charge power module 15; Master controller 16 is realized by the electric discharge of secondary battery unit 5 to load 6 by discharge power module 18.
Specifically, cell of fuel cell 4 becomes electric energy fuel reburning, and carries out constant current or constant-potential charge by charge power module 15 pairs of secondary battery units 5; Secondary battery unit 5 realizes discharging to load 6 by discharge power module 18; Master controller 16 is connected with cell of fuel cell 4, for controlling and detect the operation of cell of fuel cell 4; Meanwhile, master controller 16 also realizes carrying out constant current and constant-potential charge to secondary battery unit 5 by controlling charge power module 15; Master controller 16 is by controlled discharge power model 18, and fuel cell unit 4 and load 6 state information control secondary battery unit 5 pairs of loads 6 and discharge.
In the utility model one embodiment, master controller 16 needs the rated power of fuel cell unit 4 and the power output required for load 6 to judge that secondary battery unit 5 provides electric energy the need of to load 6.When the power needed for load 6 is very large, secondary battery unit 5 fast response time can be utilized, collaborative power supply that the advantage of high-multiplying power discharge realizes secondary battery unit 5 and cell of fuel cell 4.
As can be seen here, in the fuel cell system that the utility model embodiment provides, can realize controlling the uniform logical of cell of fuel cell 4 and secondary battery unit 5 by means of only a master controller 16, and not comprise any controller in charge power module 15 and discharge power module 18.Like this power of cell of fuel cell 4 and secondary battery unit 5 is controlled all to be completed by a master controller 16, not only increase the integrated level of system, reduce the volume and weight of system, and be conducive to carrying out the energy distribution between cell of fuel cell 4 and secondary battery unit 5, decrease the communication link of transfer of data between different controller in prior art, improve the reliability of transfer of data.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the master controller 16 mentioned in the utility model embodiment is the hardware unit be made up of circuit and chip.Corresponding hardware cell is chosen in the logic control that those skilled in the art will be able to realize according to master controller 16, and further these hardware cells are connected into a hardware unit, realize the technical solution of the utility model by the circuit structure of this hardware unit.
Fig. 4 provides a kind of schematic flow sheet of master controller logic control method for the utility model embodiment.As shown in Figure 4.
Step 401: the total voltage externally exported according to whole system and total current, the power output of computing system.Because the power output of system is determined by load power demand, therefore now system power output representative be exactly load power demand.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that can by being mentioned to total voltage and the total current of total voltage and total current transducer 17 acquisition system in the following embodiments, and the acquisition mode of the utility model to system total voltage and electric current does not limit.
Step 402: judge whether the power output of system is less than the rated power of cell of fuel cell 4, and judge whether described total voltage is greater than the minimum output voltage of cell of fuel cell 4.The maximum power that the rated power of cell of fuel cell 4 can export for cell of fuel cell 4.But it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the rated power of cell of fuel cell 4 can the performance of fuel cell and actual needs preset, the utility model does not limit this.
Step 403: if the power output of system is less than the rated power of cell of fuel cell 4, and described total voltage is when being greater than the minimum output voltage of cell of fuel cell 4, then master controller 16 cuts out the electronic switch of discharge power module 18 and controls charge power module 15 pairs of secondary battery units 5 and charge.
When the power output of system is less than the rated power of cell of fuel cell 4, illustrate that the power needed for load is not very high, now fuel cell 4 unit can be powered by complete independently, and unnecessary electric energy can be used for accumulators unit 5 and charge.Now, also need to judge whether described total voltage is greater than the minimum output voltage of cell of fuel cell 4, reason is that the minimum output voltage of cell of fuel cell 4 is that cell of fuel cell normally works required minimum voltage, only have when whether total voltage (being now equal to the output voltage of cell of fuel cell 4) is greater than the minimum output voltage of cell of fuel cell 4, cell of fuel cell 4 could keep normal work.
Step 404: if the power output of system is greater than the rated power of cell of fuel cell 4, or during the minimum output voltage of total voltage lower than fuel cell 4, then master controller 16 controls charge power module 15 and stops charging to secondary battery unit 5 and opening the electronic switch of discharge power module 18, and secondary battery unit 5 pairs of loads 6 are powered.
When the power output of system is greater than the rated power of cell of fuel cell 4, or during the minimum output voltage of total voltage lower than fuel cell 4, illustrate that cell of fuel cell 4 is now in overload, now master controller 16 needs to stop the charging to secondary battery unit 5, secondary battery unit 5 is made also to start to carrying 6 power supplies, with the unexpected load power demand of shared fuel battery unit 4 rated power.
As can be seen here, by the logic control of charge power module 15 and discharge power module 18 has been unified by described master controller 16, the automatic energy also achieved between cell of fuel cell 4 and secondary battery unit 5 distributes, both meet the overload requirement of high power load, achieve again the collaborative power supply of cell of fuel cell 4 and secondary battery unit 5.Meanwhile, cell of fuel cell 4 can also give load directly power, compared in prior art through DC/DC conversion after power mode, the utility model provide the efficiency of powering mode to significantly improve.
The internal structure of each module in this integrated fuel battery electric power system is elaborated below by several embodiment.
Figure 5 shows that and as shown in Figure 5, in this integrated fuel battery electric power system, also comprise a kind of integrated fuel battery electric power system that the utility model one embodiment provides: circuit 14 is filled with in counnter attack.The input that circuit 14 is filled with in this counnter attack is connected with cell of fuel cell 4, and output is connected with load 6, discharges for blocking secondary battery unit 5 pairs of cell of fuel cell 4.Counnter attack is filled with circuit 14 and be can be a diode, or is made up of at least two diodes of parallel connection, or is directly a metal-oxide-semiconductor.Diode due to diode or metal-oxide-semiconductor inside has the characteristic of unilateal conduction, can block secondary battery unit 5 pairs of cell of fuel cell 4 and discharge, thus ensures that fuel cell is avoided damaging.
In the utility model one embodiment, the charge power module 15 in this integrated fuel battery electric power system comprises Power Electronic Circuit 151, current detection circuit 152, voltage detecting circuit 152 and pwm control circuit 153, as shown in Figure 5.
The input of Power Electronic Circuit 151 is connected with the output that circuit 14 is filled with in counnter attack as the input of charge power module 15; The output of Power Electronic Circuit 151 is connected with secondary battery unit 5 as the output of charge power module 15, and meanwhile, described Power Electronic Circuit 151 also comprises that electronic switch PWM holds, current sensor and voltage sensor.
Current detection circuit 152 one end is connected with the current sensor of Power Electronic Circuit 151, and the other end is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for detecting secondary battery unit 5 charging current; Voltage detecting circuit 154 one end is connected with the voltage sensor in Power Electronic Circuit 151, and the other end is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for detecting secondary battery unit 5 charging voltage.Pwm control circuit 153 one end is connected with the PWM delivery outlet of master controller 16, and the other end is held with the power electronic switching PWM of Power Electronic Circuit 151 and is connected, and for receiving the pwm signal of master controller 16, controlling Power Electronic Circuit 151 pairs of secondary battery units 5 and charging.
Concrete charging process is: current detection circuit 152 detects the charging current of secondary battery unit 5 in real time by current sensor, and the charging current signal detected is fed back to master controller 16.Voltage detecting circuit 154 detects the charging voltage of secondary battery unit 5 in real time by voltage sensor, and the charging voltage signal detected is fed back to master controller 16.Master controller 16 sends pwm signal according to the charging voltage of the secondary battery unit 5 received and charging current signal to pwm control circuit 153, and pwm control circuit 153 holds control Power Electronic Circuit 151 pairs of secondary battery units 5 to charge according to the pwm signal received by power electronic switching PWM.
Master controller 16 adopts PWM algorithm can realize carrying out trickle charge to secondary battery unit 5.Master controller 16 can be current according to secondary battery unit 5 state-of-charge, suitable charging strategy is selected to charge to secondary battery unit 5, such as, master controller 16 can carry out voltage increase and current constant, boosting constant voltage, step-down constant current or step-down constant current charge etc. to secondary battery unit 5.
The internal structure of Power Electronic Circuit 151 in charge power module 15 is elaborated below by an embodiment.Figure 6 shows that the structural representation of the Power Electronic Circuit in a kind of charge power module that the utility model one embodiment provides.As shown in Figure 6, this circuit comprises the first metal-oxide-semiconductor 301, inductance 302, first diode 303, second diode 304 and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor 305; The grid of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor 301 connects master controller 16, drain electrode connecting fuel battery unit 4, and source electrode is connected with the negative pole of the first diode 303 and one end of inductance 302 respectively; The grid of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor 305 connects master controller 16, source electrode connects secondary battery unit 5 negative pole, and drain electrode is connected with the other end of inductance 302 and the positive pole of the second diode 304 respectively; First diode 303 positive pole is connected with secondary battery unit 5 positive pole, and the second diode 304 negative pole is connected with secondary battery unit 5 negative pole.
When detecting that the voltage of cell of fuel cell 4 is less than a reference voltage, the first metal-oxide-semiconductor 301 turns off, and master controller 16 sends the first pulse-modulated signal PWM1 to the second metal-oxide-semiconductor 305, drives Power Electronic Circuit 151 pairs of secondary battery units 5 to carry out boost charge.When detecting that the voltage of cell of fuel cell 4 is greater than reference voltage, the second metal-oxide-semiconductor 305 turns off, and master controller 16 sends the second pulse-modulated signal PWM2 to the first metal-oxide-semiconductor 301, drives Power Electronic Circuit 151 pairs of secondary battery units 5 to carry out step-down charging.Wherein, the voltage detecting of cell of fuel cell 4 can be completed by the fuel battery voltage Acquisition Circuit 121 in data acquisition module in subsequent embodiment 2.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the concrete value of the utility model to reference voltage does not limit for judging that the reference voltage that buck is charged can set according to actual needs.
In the utility model one embodiment, secondary battery unit 5 is the lithium cells comprising at least one joint lithium battery.But the utility model does not limit the concrete kind of secondary battery unit 5 and model.
In another embodiment of the utility model, in order to realize current balance in charge power module 15 and safety monitoring, this integrated fuel battery electric power system also can comprise further: battery balanced with safety monitoring circuit 156, as shown in Figure 7.This battery balanced and safety monitoring circuit 156 is connected between secondary battery unit 5 and master controller 16, and detects the state-of-charge of secondary battery unit 5 under the control of master controller 16, completes the current balance to secondary battery unit 5 and safety monitoring.In the utility model one embodiment, this battery balanced with safety monitoring circuit 156 also accessible site in charge power module 15.
The one that Fig. 8 provides for the utility model embodiment is battery balanced with safety monitoring circuit diagram.As shown in Figure 8, this battery balancedly comprises safety monitoring special chip, battery balanced special chip, thermistor, at least one metal-oxide-semiconductor and at least one current-limiting resistance with safety monitoring circuit.
Thermistor bleeder circuit is connected with safety monitoring special chip, for detecting each the under-voltage signal saving lithium battery, overvoltage signal and excess temperature signal; The both positive and negative polarity that safety monitoring special chip saves lithium battery with each is connected, and under-voltage signal, overvoltage signal and excess temperature signal are back to master controller 16.
Each metal-oxide-semiconductor is connected with a current-limiting resistance, and it is in parallel to save lithium battery with one respectively; The grid of both positive and negative polarity and each metal-oxide-semiconductor that battery balanced special chip saves lithium battery with each is respectively connected, for detecting the equilibrium state of secondary battery unit 5, and be connected with master controller 16 by spi bus, the equilibrium state of lithium cells is back to master controller 16.
The balancing procedure that battery balanced special chip controls secondary battery unit 5 is: when charging to secondary battery unit 5, shunts to reduce the actual electric current charged to secondary battery unit 5 by current-limiting resistance; In secondary battery unit 5 discharge process, by the current-limiting resistance in circuit, can charging current be increased, realize thus regulating the current balance of secondary battery unit 5.
In the utility model one embodiment, the thermistor bleeder circuit be connected with battery balanced special chip also can be set, this thermistor can detect the temperature of secondary battery unit 5, prevents secondary battery unit 5 from damaging because of excess temperature in Balance route or charge and discharge control process.
In the utility model one embodiment, safety monitoring special chip adopts AD8280, and every sheet AD8280 can realize the monitoring of 6 joint lithium batteries.
In the utility model one embodiment, battery balanced special chip adopts AD7280, and master controller 16, by spi bus and AD7280 communication, realizes the control to secondary battery unit 5 equilibrium.
Battery balanced with safety monitoring circuit 156 by arranging, master controller 16 can realize overshoot to secondary battery unit 5, cross put, the Balance route of overheat protector and secondary battery unit, and then ensure the safe and reliable operation of integrated fuel cell system.Especially, in the situation needing high magnification to transship at short notice, realize the Balance route of secondary battery unit particularly important.
In the utility model one embodiment, discharge power module 18 is the direction power circuit be made up of electronic switch; The control end of electronic switch is connected with master controller 16, and the loop of power circuit of electronic switch is connected with the input of charge power module 15 and output.After the control end controlling backward power module when master controller 16 makes electronic switch closes, secondary battery unit 5 is directly connected by the output of this electronic switch with anti-feedback circuit 14, and secondary battery unit 5 can directly be powered to load 6.
In the utility model one embodiment, discharge power module 18 is the electronic switch be made up of metal-oxide-semiconductor.Master controller 16 is by controlling the on off state of electronic switch, and then the 5 pairs of loads 6 of control secondary battery unit are discharged.In addition, solid-state relay small in volume, can reduce volume and the weight of whole integrated fuel cell system.Electronic switch current capacity is large simultaneously, drives simple, facilitates the integrated of integrated fuel cell system.
In the utility model one embodiment, this integrated fuel battery electric power system also can comprise further: fuel supply control module 10 and fuel supply 2, as shown in Figure 5.Fuel supply control module 10 comprises tail gas valve 101, intake valve 102 and pressure sensor 103; Intake valve 102 one end and fuel are supplied 2 and are connected by gas circuit, and the other end is connected by gas circuit with cell of fuel cell 4 import, and intake valve 102 is for providing fuel gas to cell of fuel cell 4; Pressure sensor 103 measuring junction and fuel supply 2 and are connected; Tail gas valve 101 one end is exported with cell of fuel cell 4 and is connected by gas circuit, and the other end is connected to its exterior gas outlet by gas circuit, and tail gas valve 101 is for discharging the combustion tail gas of fuel gas.Intake valve 102 is connected with the control end of master controller 16 respectively with the electric end of tail gas valve 101, and pressure sensor 103 is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16.Detection Information for detecting the gas circuit of fuel supply 2, and is fed back to master controller 16 by shown pressure sensor 103.Preferably, pressure sensor 103, intake valve 102 and tail gas valve 101 adopt pcb board installation fixing.Fuel supply control module 10 is according to the startup of system and stop the switch controlling intake valve 102 and tail gas valve 101, and records the change of fuel cell pressure.
In the utility model one embodiment, this integrated fuel battery electric power system also can comprise further: air supply control module 11 and fan 3, air supply control module 11 passes through the output controlling air, under ensureing that cell of fuel cell 4 is in rational operating temperature.As shown in Figure 5.Air supply control module 11 comprises fan power supply control switch 111, rotation speed of the fan testing circuit 112 and fan pwm control circuit 113; Fan pwm control circuit 112 one end is held with the PWM of master controller 16 and is connected, and the other end is connected with the control end of fan 3, for regulating rotation speed of the fan; Rotation speed of the fan testing circuit 112 one end is connected with the speed feedback end of fan 3, and one end is connected with the analog input of master controller 16 in addition, for detecting rotation speed of the fan; One end and the counnter attack of fan power switch 111 are filled with circuit 14 output and are connected, and one end is connected with fan 3 input supply terminal in addition, and the control end of fan power switch 111 is connected with the control end of master controller 16.
Rotation speed of the fan testing circuit 112 detects rotation speed of the fan, and the rotary speed information of fan is fed back to master controller 16, and master controller 16 regulates according to the rotating speed of the rotary speed information of fan by fan pwm control circuit 113 pairs of fans.Master controller 16 also can control the cut out of fan by fan power switch 111 and open.
In the utility model one embodiment, cell of fuel cell 4 inside is provided with temperature sensor, current sensor and voltage sensor.This integrated fuel battery electric power system also can comprise further: data acquisition module 12, as shown in Figure 5.Data acquisition module 12 comprises fuel battery voltage Acquisition Circuit 121, fuel cell current Acquisition Circuit 122, first temperature signal change-over circuit 123, second temperature signal change-over circuit 124 and environment temperature sensor 125; The input of the first temperature signal change-over circuit 123 is connected with the temperature sensor of cell of fuel cell 4 inside, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16; The input of the second temperature signal change-over circuit 124 is connected with environment temperature sensor 125, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for the ambient temperature that measuring system is run; Fuel battery voltage Acquisition Circuit 121 input is connected with the voltage sensor of cell of fuel cell 4 inside, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for gathering the voltage of cell of fuel cell 4; Fuel cell current Acquisition Circuit 122 input is connected with cell of fuel cell 4 internal current transducer, and output is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16, for gathering the electric current of cell of fuel cell 4.
Fuel battery voltage Acquisition Circuit 121, by the voltage sensor of fuel battery inside, gathers the voltage of fuel cell, and voltage signal is fed back to master controller 16.Fuel cell current Acquisition Circuit 122, by the current sensor of fuel battery inside, gathers the electric current of fuel cell, and current signal is fed back to master controller 16.The temperature signal that the temperature sensor of cell of fuel cell 4 inside collects is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the first temperature signal change-over circuit 123, and this signal of telecommunication is fed back to master controller 16.The ambient temperature that environment temperature sensor 125 collects is converted to the signal of telecommunication by the second temperature signal change-over circuit 124, and this signal of telecommunication is fed back to master controller 16.
In the utility model one embodiment, this integrated fuel battery electric power system comprises further: fuel battery performance improves unit 13, as shown in Figure 5.Fuel battery performance improves unit 13 output and is connected with the electric energy delivery outlet of cell of fuel cell 4, and input is connected with the control end of master controller 16, for improving the performance of cell of fuel cell 4.It is a controlled electric discharge device that this fuel battery performance improves unit 13, makes cell of fuel cell 4 according to the electric current set and time electric discharge under the control of master controller 16.In the utility model one embodiment, the electric current of setting can be the 6-20 of cell of fuel cell 4 rated current doubly, and the time can be 20-400ms, the performance of cell of fuel cell 4 can be made to improve by this discharge process.
Master controller 16 timing improves unit 13 by fuel battery performance and sends order to cell of fuel cell 4, makes cell of fuel cell 4 carry out heavy-current discharge according to order, and then reaches the object improved cell of fuel cell 4 performance or return to original state.
In the utility model one embodiment, this integrated fuel battery electric power system also can comprise further: total current and total voltage transducer 17, as shown in Figure 5.Total current and total voltage transducer 17 fill with circuit 14 with counnter attack respectively and load 6 is connected, and total current is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller 16 with the holding wire of total voltage transducer 17, the total voltage externally exported for detection system and total current.
In the utility model one embodiment, master controller 16 is the controller of High-speed Control chip and peripheral elementary logic circuit composition.Peripheral elementary logic circuit comprises the logic control of I/O mouth, AD level conversion and protection, and pwm signal amplifies, port and storage chip.
By adopting single master controller 16 to carry out logic control to all modules, the state information of modules can be shared, reducing the communications between each module in whole fuel cell system, improve computational speed, increase the reliability of system.
But, by when each module carries out same logic control in master controller 16 pairs of systems, due to different to the logic control operation efficiency of each module, the contradiction of control rate between therefore different logic controls, can be produced.System running speed is declined, affects the discharge and recharge of secondary battery unit 5.As frequency when master controller 16 controls charge power module 15 needs to be greater than 10K, but master controller 16 also will control cell of fuel cell 4, and running frequency inherently reduces.For solving the problem, the utility model one embodiment also provides the sequential scheduling that a kind of PWM interrupt mechanism controls modules to realize main controller in master controller 16.
The flow chart that a kind of main controller controls modules that Fig. 9 provides for the utility model embodiment runs.As shown in Figure 9, the method comprises:
Step 901: initialization master controller 16, arranges PWM interrupt mechanism in master controller 16.This PWM interrupt mechanism allows master controller 16 to circulate when actuating logic controls and triggers PWM interruption.Circulation triggers under PWM interrupts namely allowing the PWM cycle interruption cycle preset at one carries out circulation triggered interrupts, when this PWM down trigger, then performing control rate logic control algorithm faster, then performing the slower logic control algorithm of control rate when not interrupting.As for the cycle period triggering PWM interruption, the utility model does not limit.
Such as, when PWM interrupts being triggered, master controller can perform following step.
Step 902: enter interruption.
Step 903: master controller 16 is realized by the charging of cell of fuel cell 4 to secondary battery unit 5 by charge power module 15, or master controller 16 is realized by the electric discharge of secondary battery unit 5 to load 6 by discharge power module 18.
Step 904: before returning interruption.
When PWM interrupt routine does not trigger, master controller performs following step.
Step 905: driving fuel supply control module 10, makes fuel supply control module 10 and provides fuel gas to cell of fuel cell 4.
Step 906: driving fuel battery performance improves module 13, improves the performance of fuel cell.
Step 907: driving data acquisition module 12, gathers cell of fuel cell 4 internal temperature, external temperature, electric current and voltage.
Step 908: the data collected and fuel are supplied control module 10 and communicates, and by data storing.
Step 909: drive air to supply control module 11, makes air supply control module 11 and carries air to cell of fuel cell 4, returns the control circulation execution that perform fuel cell supply.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that step 905-909 might not exist the relation of order execution, also can perform, the execution sequence of the utility model to step 905-909 does not limit simultaneously.
By arranging the sequential scheduling algorithm of PWM interrupt mechanism in master controller 16, in PWM interrupt routine, realize the high-speed computation required for secondary battery unit 5, execution cycle is less than 100us; Have no progeny returning in PWM, realize the low speed computing required for cell of fuel cell 4, execution cycle is less than 10ms.Thus solve the high and control algorithm frequency of cell of fuel cell 4 of secondary battery unit 5 control algorithm frequency low between contradictory problems.
In the utility model one embodiment, cell of fuel cell 4 can be Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), and as shown in Figure 10, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is made up of electrolyte and the porous negative electrode and positive electrode that is connected to electrolyte both sides.The negative electrode and positive electrode of battery is by collector plate, and reacting gas runner, gas diffusion layers (GDL), microporous layers, Catalytic Layer forms.Collector plate for collecting electronics, and outwards exports electric energy, and the general conductance metallic plate that is high, stable mechanical property that adopts is made.Reacting gas runner is used for the flowing of reacting gas and is discharged by the water generated in fuel battery inside course of reaction.Gas diffusion layers is used for uniform distribution reactant and is discharged by the production thing in course of reaction, and also for transmitting electronics and heat, gas diffusion layers is the porous synthetic utilizing electric conducting material to make.Microporous layers is coating thin layer on the gas diffusion, also for uniform distribution reacting gas, provides battery performance.Catalytic Layer is used for the inner O of catalytic cell
2with fuel generation electrochemical reaction, the performance of Catalytic Layer directly affects the performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells.The proton exchange membrane Commodity flow shown in Fig. 7 in, fuel cell uninterrupted anode transfer the fuel (H
2), to negative electrode delivering oxygen (O
2), under the effect of electrode surface catalyst, there is electrochemical reaction.Charged H
+transfer to another one electrode by electrolyte from an electrode, electronics is circulated by external circuit, forms electric current.
In the utility model one embodiment, above-mentioned master controller 16, fuel supply control 10, air supplies control 11, data acquisition module 12, fuel battery performance improve unit 13, the integral control system 1 that circuit 14 and total current and total voltage transducer 17 accessible site are this integrated fuel battery electric power system inside is filled with in counnter attack.As shown in Figure 5.This integral control system 1 is connected by gas circuit between supplying 2 with fuel; Be connected with control line by loop of power circuit and signal between this integral control system 1 with fan 3, on the one hand by being controlled the electric power supply of fan by loop of power circuit, control the rotating speed of fan by signal and control line on the one hand in addition and obtain the velocity feedback of fan.By fuel channel between this integral control system 1 and cell of fuel cell 4, loop of power circuit is connected with control line with signal, wherein fuel channel is used for supply and the discharge that integral control system 1 controls cell of fuel cell 4 fuel, and loop of power circuit is used for cell of fuel cell 4 and exports electric energy to integral control system 1; Signal and control circuit are used for output voltage, electric current and the internal operating temperature that integral control system 1 monitors fuel cell.Connected by loop of power circuit between this integral control system 1 storage battery 5, be also connected by loop of power circuit with between load 6.
Above-described embodiment is only for illustrating technical conceive of the present utility model and feature; not in order to limit the utility model; all within spirit of the present utility model and principle, any amendment done, equivalent replacement etc., all should be included within protection range of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. an integrated fuel battery electric power system, it is characterized in that, comprising: cell of fuel cell (4), master controller (16), charge power module (15), discharge power module (18) and secondary battery unit (5);
Described charge power module (15) one end is connected with described cell of fuel cell (4), and the other end is connected with described secondary battery unit (5); Described discharge power module (18) one end is connected with described secondary battery unit (5), and the other end is connected with load (6);
The logic control of described charge power module (15) and discharge power module (18) is completed by described master controller (16); Described master controller (16) controls described charge power module (15) and realizes by the charging of described cell of fuel cell (4) to secondary battery unit (5); Described master controller (16) controls described discharge power module (18) and realizes by the electric discharge of described secondary battery unit (5) to load (6).
2. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described master controller (16) controls described charge power module (15) and carries out constant current or constant-potential charge to secondary battery unit (5).
3. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises further: circuit (14) is filled with in counnter attack;
The input that circuit (14) is filled with in described counnter attack is connected with cell of fuel cell (4), and output is connected with load (6), discharges to cell of fuel cell (4) for blocking secondary battery unit (5).
4. system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, it is a diode that circuit (14) is filled with in described counnter attack, or comprises at least two diodes in parallel, or metal-oxide-semiconductor circuit.
5. system according to claim 4, is characterized in that, comprises further: total current and total voltage transducer (17);
Described total current and total voltage transducer (17) fill with circuit (14) with counnter attack respectively and load (6) is connected, total current is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller (16) with the holding wire of total voltage transducer (17), for detecting the total voltage and total current that whole system externally exports.
6. system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described charge power module (15) comprises Power Electronic Circuit (151), current detection circuit (152), voltage detecting circuit (154) and pwm control circuit (153);
The input of Power Electronic Circuit (151) is connected with the output that circuit (14) is filled with in counnter attack as the input of charge power module (15); The output of Power Electronic Circuit (151) is connected with secondary battery unit (5) as the output of charge power module (15), meanwhile, described Power Electronic Circuit (151) also comprises electronic switch PWM end, current sensor and voltage sensor;
Current detection circuit (152) one end is connected with the current sensor of Power Electronic Circuit (151), the other end is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller (16), for detecting the charging current of secondary battery unit (5);
Voltage detecting circuit (154) one end is connected with the voltage sensor in Power Electronic Circuit (151), the other end is connected with the analog quantity input of master controller (16), for detecting the charging voltage of secondary battery unit (5);
Pwm control circuit (153) one end is connected with the PWM delivery outlet of master controller (16), the other end is held with the electronic switch PWM of Power Electronic Circuit (151) and is connected, for receiving the pwm signal of master controller (16), controlling Power Electronic Circuit (151) and secondary battery unit (5) is charged.
7. system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described Power Electronic Circuit (151) comprises the first metal-oxide-semiconductor (301), inductance (302), the first diode (303), the second diode (304) and the second metal-oxide-semiconductor (305);
The grid of the first metal-oxide-semiconductor (301) connects master controller (16), drain electrode connecting fuel battery unit (4), source electrode is connected with the negative pole of the first diode (303) and one end of inductance (302) respectively; The grid of the second metal-oxide-semiconductor (305) connects master controller (16), source electrode connects secondary battery unit (5) negative pole, and drain electrode is connected with the other end of inductance (302) and the positive pole of the second diode (304) respectively; First diode (303) positive pole is connected with secondary battery unit (5) positive pole, and the second diode (304) negative pole is connected with secondary battery unit (5) negative pole.
8. system according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, comprise further: battery balanced with safety monitoring circuit (156), described battery balanced and safety monitoring circuit (156) is connected between described secondary battery unit (5) and master controller (16).
9. system according to claim 8, described secondary battery unit (5) is the lithium cells comprising at least one joint lithium battery.
10. system according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, describedly battery balancedly comprise safety monitoring special chip, battery balanced special chip, thermistor bleeder circuit, at least one metal-oxide-semiconductor and at least one current-limiting resistance with safety monitoring circuit (156);
Described thermistor bleeder circuit is connected with described safety monitoring special chip, for detecting each the under-voltage signal saving lithium battery, overvoltage signal and excess temperature signal; Described safety monitoring special chip is connected with each both positive and negative polarity saving lithium battery, and under-voltage signal, overvoltage signal and excess temperature signal are back to master controller (16);
Each metal-oxide-semiconductor described is connected with a current-limiting resistance, and it is in parallel to save lithium battery with one respectively; The grid of both positive and negative polarity and each metal-oxide-semiconductor that described battery balanced special chip saves lithium battery with each is respectively connected, and is connected with master controller (16) by spi bus.
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| CN201520346377.2U CN204992738U (en) | 2015-05-26 | 2015-05-26 | Integration fuel cell power supply system |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104836319A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-12 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Integrated fuel cell power supply system |
| CN108512292A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-09-07 | 辽宁锐翔通用飞机制造有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell Power System of Flight Vehicle |
| CN110127063A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Unmanned plane dynamical system and its control method |
| CN111044811A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-21 | 泉州市纳德信息科技有限公司 | Interphone base charging test method |
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2015
- 2015-05-26 CN CN201520346377.2U patent/CN204992738U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104836319A (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-08-12 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Integrated fuel cell power supply system |
| CN108512292A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-09-07 | 辽宁锐翔通用飞机制造有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell Power System of Flight Vehicle |
| CN110127063A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Unmanned plane dynamical system and its control method |
| CN110127063B (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2022-11-01 | 武汉众宇动力系统科技有限公司 | Unmanned aerial vehicle power system and control method thereof |
| CN111044811A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-04-21 | 泉州市纳德信息科技有限公司 | Interphone base charging test method |
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