CN107871915B - Hybrid power supply of fuel cell and storage battery and thermal management method - Google Patents
Hybrid power supply of fuel cell and storage battery and thermal management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107871915B CN107871915B CN201710865443.0A CN201710865443A CN107871915B CN 107871915 B CN107871915 B CN 107871915B CN 201710865443 A CN201710865443 A CN 201710865443A CN 107871915 B CN107871915 B CN 107871915B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a hybrid power supply of a fuel cell and a storage battery and a thermal management method, wherein the power supply comprises the fuel cell, the storage battery and a heating/cooling module; the heating/cooling module heats or dissipates heat from the fuel cell and/or the battery. The power supply mixes the metal air fuel cell and the heat management system of the storage battery, and can obtain a power supply system with high power density and high energy density by utilizing the advantages of the metal air fuel cell and the heat management system of the storage battery; the metal air fuel cell can heat the storage battery by utilizing the good low-temperature starting characteristic of the metal air fuel cell, and the problem that the storage battery cannot work in a low-temperature environment can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a hybrid power supply of a fuel cell and a storage battery and a thermal management method.
Background
With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of human activities on electric energy is increasing day by day, and the power supply is widely applied to various products. The existing power supply system comprises a primary battery, a storage battery, a fuel cell, a generator set and the like, wherein the storage battery and the fuel cell have increasingly large market demands under the traction of the requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection, and have urgent demands in the fields of portable power supplies, new energy vehicles, military power supplies, energy storage and the like. However, the existing storage batteries and fuel batteries have certain defects and shortcomings, such as low energy density, long charging time, poor low-temperature characteristics and the like of the storage batteries such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium ion batteries and the like; the fuel cell has the defects of low power density, poor dynamic characteristics and the like, and cannot well meet the requirements of users in the process of single use. In recent years, a hybrid power supply system combining a storage battery and a fuel cell is widely applied to the fields of electric vehicles, portable power supplies and the like, such as fuel cell + lithium ion battery hybrid power urban public transport, fuel cell + lithium ion battery comprehensive individual power supply systems and the like, and the advantages of the fuel cell and the lithium ion battery comprehensive individual power supply systems in the aspects of energy density and power density are combined to construct a power or power supply system with high power density, good dynamic characteristic and long endurance time. However, poor low temperature characteristics are a common defect of fuel cells and batteries, and reasonable thermal management design is critical to system performance and system simplification.
In the case of a fuel cell, when the temperature of the cell is low, the ohmic resistance inside the cell increases, various polarization phenomena increase, and the output performance of the cell decreases. When the temperature of the battery rises within a certain range, the transfer speed of protons in the exchange membrane can be accelerated, the electrochemical reaction speed in the battery can be accelerated, and the output characteristic of the battery can be promoted. However, when the temperature of the cell is too high, the water content of the proton exchange membrane is reduced, the electrical conductivity of the membrane is reduced, and the output performance of the cell is reduced. Meanwhile, cold start in a low-temperature environment is one of the main bottlenecks of the current fuel cell, and the popularization and the application of the fuel cell are restricted. Therefore, in order to realize normal and efficient operation of the fuel cell, the temperature is controlled within a certain range.
The low-temperature charge-discharge characteristics of the secondary battery are one of important properties thereof. In some specific occasions, such as batteries for field electric tools, communication signal transfer stations, military occasions, electric vehicles in high-latitude areas and the like, strict requirements on low-temperature charge and discharge characteristics of the batteries are provided. At present, under the condition of low temperature, the conductivity of electrolyte is reduced along with the reduction of temperature, the diffusion speed of substances in electrode reaction is obviously reduced, and the concentration polarization phenomenon of the electrode reaction of the battery is obviously enhanced. The average discharge voltage and the discharge charge quantity of the battery are obviously reduced in a low-temperature environment, and the battery can not work even in an extremely cold environment (below minus 30 ℃). In addition, during the operation of the storage battery, if the heat dissipation condition is not good, the temperature of the battery is increased, and when the temperature is too high, the danger of spontaneous combustion explosion exists. Therefore, thermal management of the battery is a critical element in the battery management system.
When the current fuel cell and lithium ion battery are used for hybrid power supply, the most important problem is that the joint management and the mutual coordination output are realized only on the energy flow (electric energy), and the key thermal management aspects are still independent. From the current thermal management situation of the current fuel cell + storage battery hybrid system, the current mainstream heat dissipation mode and the heating and heat preservation efficiency are still to be improved, the safe and stable operation of the current hybrid system under the complex environmental condition cannot be met, and the heat dissipation, cooling, heating and heat preservation are two independent systems or even have interference, so that the overall performance of the system is not favorably exerted, the current unsatisfactory battery performance is greatly discounted, and the long-term safe, stable and reliable operation of the battery system is not favorably realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal management method of a fuel cell and storage battery hybrid system, which solves the problems of complex system and poor management effect when a fuel cell and a storage battery cooling liquid circulating system are relatively independent.
The metal-air fuel cell, or metal-air cell, is a cell using metal and oxygen in air as reaction substance, and can continuously or intermittently supplement metal to the interior of cell so as to implement continuous operation of cell.
The storage battery is a rechargeable battery with charging and discharging functions, such as a lithium ion battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-metal hydride battery and the like.
Specifically, the invention provides a hybrid power supply of a fuel cell and a storage battery, which comprises the fuel cell, the storage battery and a heating/cooling module;
the heating/cooling module heats or dissipates heat from the fuel cell and/or the battery.
Further, the heating/cooling module includes a coolant tank, a heater, and a radiator;
the fuel cell is a fuel cell stack, and the storage battery is a storage battery combination;
the cooling liquid box is connected with a liquid inlet of the storage battery combination through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the storage battery combination is connected to the fuel cell stack, and a radiator and a heater are sequentially connected between the fuel cell stack and the cooling liquid box.
The cooling liquid box in the heating/cooling module is used for storing cooling liquid and completing the circulation of the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid can be heated when flowing through the heater, the cooling liquid is used for cooling when flowing through the radiator, and the heater and the radiator enable the cooling liquid to be kept at a proper temperature to heat or cool the storage battery.
Furthermore, the fuel cell stack is formed by connecting a plurality of single fuel cells in series;
a plurality of storage battery monomers in the storage battery combination are connected in series or in parallel, and metal sheets are arranged in the storage battery combination to realize the connection between the single batteries.
The charge capacities of the fuel cell stack and the battery stack are significantly greater than that of a single cell, so that the stack can be selected for use in situations with high demand.
Further, the fuel cell is an alkaline fuel cell; the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid box is electrolyte, the pump is placed in the cooling liquid box and is connected with the liquid inlet of the storage battery combination through a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with a control valve.
When the fuel cell is an alkaline fuel cell, the electrolyte serves as the cooling liquid, so that the cost of the cooling liquid is saved, and meanwhile, the system is simple in structure and easy to operate.
Further, the heating/cooling module is a fuel cell;
the fuel cell is a metal air fuel cell; the metal-air fuel cell and the storage battery are integrated, and the metal fuel cell is wrapped around the storage battery.
The metal fuel cell and the storage battery are integrated into a whole and are in a detachable connection mode, so that the space can be saved, when one of the batteries is damaged, the whole battery does not need to be thrown away, and only the damaged battery needs to be replaced, and the utilization rate of the battery is improved.
Furthermore, the central area of the metal-air fuel cell is of a hollow multilayer structure, the air electrode, the diaphragm and the metal electrode are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, the storage battery is arranged in the middle of the hollow multilayer structure, and electrolyte is filled in each layer structure and the whole internal space of the periphery of the storage battery.
Positive and negative ions in the electrolyte can penetrate through the electrolyte to conduct electricity, and the storage battery is located in the electrolyte environment and is heated or cooled by the electrolyte.
Furthermore, a pore is formed between the metal electrode and the air electrode, electrolyte is filled in the metal electrode and the pore between the metal electrode and the air electrode, and the diaphragm is positioned in the pore between the metal electrode and the air electrode.
The cylindrical structure makes the whole structure compact, and the electrolyte fills the whole space, and fully contacts with the storage battery, and the storage battery is heated or cooled by the electrolyte.
Further, the heating/cooling module is a heating device heated by electricity;
the outer surface of the storage battery is covered by a heating device, and a cable is connected with the fuel cell and the heating device.
The fuel cell supplies power to the heating device, and the heating device heats the storage battery, so that the temperature of the storage battery is increased to reach a proper working temperature.
The invention provides a heat management method of a hybrid power supply, which is characterized in that when a fuel cell and a storage battery cannot work due to extremely low ambient temperature, a heating/cooling module heats the fuel cell and the storage battery;
when the environmental temperature is low, the battery with good low-temperature self-starting performance works first, and after the temperature of the hybrid power supply is raised by the to-be-heated/cooled module through electric heating or heat conduction, the battery with poor low-temperature self-starting performance is started.
Further, the fuel cell is a metal air fuel cell, and the battery is heated by an electrolyte of the metal air fuel cell.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by mixing the metal-air fuel cell and the storage battery, a power supply system with high power density and high energy density can be obtained by utilizing the advantages of the metal-air fuel cell and the storage battery.
2. The metal air fuel cell and the storage battery are mixed, energy can be supplemented for the system in a metal supplementing mode, and the problems that the storage battery depends on a charging power supply, the charging time is long and the like are solved.
3. The metal air fuel cell can heat the storage battery by utilizing the good low-temperature starting characteristic of the metal air fuel cell, and the problem that the storage battery cannot work in a low-temperature environment can be solved.
4. And heating or cooling the storage battery by using the heating/cooling module. The problems that the storage battery has poor working characteristics in a low-temperature environment and the thermal runaway danger exists due to overhigh working temperature and the like can be solved.
5. The integrated design of the cooling liquid circulating system of the fuel cell and the storage battery can simplify the system composition and improve the low-temperature starting characteristics of the two power supplies.
6. The fuel cell and the storage battery are manufactured into a whole, and heat exchange can be directly carried out between the fuel cell and the storage battery. The storage battery can be heated by utilizing the better low-temperature starting characteristic of the metal air fuel battery or the alkaline fuel battery, so that the low-temperature environmental adaptability of the fuel battery and the storage battery hybrid system without auxiliary heating such as a fuel oil heater or a fuel gas heater and the like is avoided.
7. The electrolyte circulating system of the metal air fuel cell or the alkaline fuel cell is used as the cooling liquid circulating system of the fuel cell and the storage battery at the same time, so that the system composition can be simplified.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid power supply system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid power supply system according to a second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a hybrid power supply system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-metal air fuel cell stack, 2-storage battery monomer, 3-storage battery combination, 4-electrolyte control valve, 5-cooling liquid tank, 6-pump, 7-heater, 8-radiator, 9-storage battery, 10-metal electrode of fuel cell, 11-electrolyte of fuel cell, 12-diaphragm of fuel cell, 13-air electrode of fuel cell, 14-storage battery, 15-heating device, 16-cable and 17-metal air fuel cell.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides a hybrid power supply of a fuel cell and a storage battery and a thermal management method, wherein the hybrid power supply comprises the fuel cell, the storage battery and a heating/cooling module, wherein the heating/cooling module comprises a pump, a radiator, a heater and the like, and the heater can be an electric heater, a gas heater or a fuel heater.
The fuel cell is a hydrogen fuel cell, a direct methanol fuel cell, a metal air fuel cell, or other fuel cell based on different fuels.
The storage battery is a rechargeable battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery and the like.
When the fuel cell and the storage battery cannot work due to extremely low ambient temperature (below 40 ℃), the fuel is directly supplied to the fuel gas heater or the fuel oil heater to rapidly heat the cooling liquid, and the cooling liquid circulating system simultaneously heats the fuel cell and the storage battery, so that the normal use of the hybrid system is guaranteed. When the environmental temperature is lower (more than minus 30 ℃ and less than 0 ℃), the battery with good low-temperature self-starting performance is enabled to work first according to the low-temperature characteristics of the storage battery and the fuel battery, the cooling liquid is heated by utilizing the self heat generation and the electric heater, and the battery with poor low-temperature self-starting performance is started after the temperature of the cooling liquid is raised, so that the low-temperature cold starting characteristic of the whole system is improved. When the fuel cell and storage battery hybrid system normally works, the cooling liquid circulation system flows through the fuel cell and the storage battery simultaneously, and heat is dissipated to the environment through the radiator, so that the fuel cell and the storage battery are guaranteed to work within an ideal temperature range.
For metal-air fuel cells and alkaline fuel cells, the electrolyte circulating system can serve as a cooling liquid circulating system, so that the electrolyte of the metal-air fuel cells or the alkaline fuel cells circulates through the storage battery pack, the thermal management of the whole system can be realized, and the complexity of the whole system is greatly reduced. In addition, the fuel cell and the storage battery can be designed into a whole, and a small portable fuel cell and storage battery hybrid power supply can be manufactured. The fuel cell with good low-temperature characteristics, such as a metal air fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell and the like, can be started in a low-temperature environment, the direct heating of the storage battery by the fuel cell is realized through heat transfer, and the service performance of the storage battery in the low-temperature environment is ensured.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the hybrid power supply system includes a pump 6, a coolant tank 5, a control valve 4, a battery assembly 3, a battery cell 2, a fuel cell stack 1, a heater 7, and a radiator 8.
Pump 3 places in coolant liquid case 5, links to each other through pipeline and battery pack 3's inlet, installs control valve 4 on the pipeline, and battery pack 3 contains a plurality of battery monomer 2, and battery monomer 2's arrangement is many in the battery pack 3, and battery pack 3 is inside to have the sheetmetal to realize establishing ties or parallelly connected between the battery cell. The liquid outlet of the battery combination 3 is connected to the fuel cell stack 1, and the fuel cell stack 1 is formed by connecting a plurality of single fuel cells in series. A radiator 8 and a heater 7 are connected in sequence between the fuel cell stack 1 and the coolant tank 5.
The small arrows in fig. 1 indicate the direction of flow of the cooling liquid. The coolant in the coolant tank 5 flows through the control valve 4, the battery pack 3, the fuel cell stack 1, the radiator 8, and the heater 7 in this order, driven by the pump 6.
The accumulator combination 3 is composed of a plurality of single accumulators 2 connected in series and/or in parallel, and the accumulator combination 3 is internally provided with a cooling liquid flow passage.
The heater 7 can be a fuel oil heater, a fuel gas heater or an electric heater, wherein the fuel oil heater and the fuel gas heater can directly use liquid or gas fuel carried by or attached to a fuel cell system to burn and heat, and the electric heater needs to be additionally provided with a storage battery with better low-temperature performance or be externally connected with a mains supply and other power supplies.
For the power supply system, when the power supply system is started in an extremely low temperature (such as below 40 ℃ below zero), the radiator 8 does not work temporarily, and the heater 7 works to heat the cooling liquid, so that the temperature of the storage battery assembly 3 and the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 are increased. After the temperature is raised to a certain degree, the heater 7 stops working, and the temperature of the whole system can be further raised by the product of the storage battery combination 3 or the fuel cell stack 1 when working. When the temperature of the system is increased to an ideal temperature range or a certain preset value, the radiator 7 starts to work, and redundant heat in the system is dissipated from the system, so that the system works in the ideal temperature range.
Alternatively, the fuel cell stack 1 is formed by connecting a plurality of single fuel cells in series. The fuel cell may be an alkaline fuel cell having an electrolyte circulation system, and the electrolyte circulation system may serve as an electric coolant circulation system, and the coolant in the coolant tank 5 is an electrolyte.
Example two:
as shown in fig. 2, the hybrid power supply system includes a metal-air fuel cell and a battery 9. The metal-air fuel cell and the battery 9 are designed as one unit, wherein the battery 9 is located in the central area, and the two can be separated.
The central area of the metal-air fuel cell is a structure with a containing space, specifically a hollow multilayer structure, and comprises an air electrode 13, a diaphragm 12 and a metal electrode 10 from outside to inside in sequence, and the electrolyte 11 fills the whole internal space. The storage battery 9 is positioned in the accommodating space of the metal-air fuel cell, and the electrolyte 11 of the metal-air fuel cell is arranged around the storage battery. The cover of the metal-air fuel cell can be opened, the metal electrode 10 and the storage battery 9 can be replaced by opening the cover, so that the metal plate is added after the metal in the metal-air fuel cell is consumed to maintain the continuous discharge of the metal plate. The bottom has no special requirement, generally only the bottom surface of the container, and has no other functional components.
The air electrode 13 is hollow cylindrical, square or any other shape, the diaphragm 12, the electrolyte 11 and the metal electrode 10 are all positioned inside the air electrode 13, a pore is formed between the metal electrode 10 and the air electrode 13, the electrolyte 11 is filled inside the metal electrode 10 and in the pore, and the diaphragm is positioned in the pore between the metal electrode 10 and the air electrode 13 and separates the electrolyte 11.
Oxygen in the air diffuses through the air electrode 13, an electrochemical reduction reaction occurs on the inner surface of the air electrode 13, and metal in the metal-air fuel cell undergoes an electrochemical oxidation reaction, namely the electrochemical oxidation reduction reaction of the oxygen and the metal, so that chemical energy is directly converted into electric energy to be output. The metal of the metal air fuel cell can be replaced or continuously added, so that the continuous operation of the cell can be realized by supplementing metal fuel without a charging process.
The battery 9 is placed inside the metal air fuel cell, and the battery 9 is in contact with the electrolyte 11 and can directly perform heat exchange. Because the metal air fuel cell has good low-temperature (below-30 ℃) self-starting capability, the metal air fuel cell can work in advance in a low-temperature environment, and can heat the storage battery inside the metal air fuel cell along with the rise of the temperature of the electrolyte 11, so that the problem that the storage battery 9 cannot be started normally in an extremely low-temperature environment is avoided, and the problem of poor low-temperature characteristic of the storage battery is solved.
At extremely low temperature, most types of storage batteries cannot work, and the power supply system heats the batteries with poor low-temperature characteristics by an electric heating or heat conduction method so as to improve the feasibility of the application of the batteries in a low-temperature environment.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 1, the hybrid power supply system includes a fuel cell 17, a cable 16, a heating device 15, and a storage battery 14.
The outer surface of the storage battery 14 is coated with a heating device 15 such as a resistance wire, a heating film and the like, when the ambient temperature is low (-30 ℃), because the metal air fuel cell has good low-temperature self-starting capability, the fuel cell 17 is started to generate electricity firstly, the storage battery 14 is heated by the heating device 15 by utilizing the electric energy output by the fuel cell, the temperature of the storage battery is raised, and the problem of poor low-temperature characteristic of the storage battery can be solved; the cable 16 is connected with the fuel cell 17 and the heating device 15, and the fuel cell supplies power to the heating device 15 to heat the storage battery 14, so that the problem that the storage battery 14 cannot be started normally under extremely low temperature change is avoided.
Optionally, the storage battery is a rechargeable battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, and the like.
The fuel cell 17 is a metal-air fuel cell, the metal used in the metal-air fuel cell is active metal such as aluminum, magnesium, zinc, etc., and the metal form can be metal foil, metal plate, metal particle, metal net, metal foam, metal powder or metal powder.
The electrolyte is KOH, NaOH, NaCl aqueous solution or the mixed solution thereof, or the solution added with the antifreezing material.
The fuel cell is a fuel cell based on different fuels, such as a hydrogen fuel cell, a direct methanol fuel cell, a metal air fuel cell, and the like, and can be a fuel cell based on different electrolytes, such as a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a phosphate fuel cell, and the like.
In the above three embodiments, when the fuel cell and the battery are both at suitable operating temperatures, the load can be supplied with power according to the power demand.
In summary, the present invention provides a power supply system that can achieve high power density and high energy density by mixing a metal-air fuel cell and a battery and utilizing the advantages of the two.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications are allowable without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A hybrid power supply of a fuel cell and a storage battery is characterized by comprising the storage battery and a heating module;
the heating module is a fuel cell;
the fuel cell is a metal air fuel cell; the metal-air fuel cell and the storage battery are integrated, and the metal-air fuel cell is wrapped around the storage battery;
the metal-air fuel cell is of a structure with an accommodating space, the accommodating space is surrounded by an air electrode (13), a diaphragm (12) and a metal electrode (10) from outside to inside in sequence, a pore is formed between the metal electrode (10) and the air electrode (13), electrolyte (11) is filled in the metal electrode (10) and the pore between the metal electrode (10) and the air electrode (13), and the diaphragm (12) is positioned in the pore between the metal electrode (10) and the air electrode (13); the accommodating space accommodates the storage battery (9), and the electrolyte (11) fills the area between the accommodating space and the periphery of the storage battery; the accumulator (9) is in contact with the electrolyte (11) and can directly exchange heat; an openable cover is arranged on the metal-air fuel cell and used for replacing the metal electrode (10) and the storage battery (9).
2. The hybrid power supply thermal management method of claim 1, wherein the heating module heats the storage battery when the storage battery is inoperable due to extremely low ambient temperature;
when the ambient temperature is low, the battery with good low-temperature self-starting performance works first;
oxygen in the air passes through the air electrode (13) through diffusion, an electrochemical reduction reaction is carried out on the inner surface of the air electrode (13), metal in the metal-air fuel cell is subjected to an electrochemical oxidation reaction, namely the electrochemical oxidation reduction reaction of the oxygen and the metal, and chemical energy is directly converted into electric energy to be output; the metal of the metal air fuel cell can be replaced or continuously added, the charging process is not needed, and the cell can continuously run by supplementing the metal fuel; the metal electrode (10) and the storage battery (9) can be replaced by opening the cover, so that the metal plate is added after the metal in the metal-air fuel cell is consumed to maintain the continuous discharge of the metal plate; the fuel cell is a metal air fuel cell, and the storage battery is heated by electrolyte (11) of the metal air fuel cell; the storage battery is arranged in the metal air fuel cell, is in contact with the electrolyte (11) and can directly exchange heat; the metal air fuel cell has good self-starting capability below-30 ℃, so the metal air fuel cell can work in advance in a low-temperature environment, and the storage battery in the metal air fuel cell can be heated along with the rise of the temperature of the electrolyte (11).
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| BE1026232B1 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-11-25 | Safran Aero Boosters Sa | HYDRAULIC SYSTEM |
| CN108933310B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2021-07-02 | 四川大学 | High-capacity high-power lithium ion/air hybrid battery system |
| CN109616708A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-12 | 宁波石墨烯创新中心有限公司 | A kind of hybrid power source system and its application |
| CN109672005B (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-10-09 | 宁波石墨烯创新中心有限公司 | Coupling type power supply system |
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