CN111854945A - Single-pixel ultraviolet polarization imaging method and system - Google Patents
Single-pixel ultraviolet polarization imaging method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging method and a single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging system, which comprise an ultraviolet light source, wherein the ultraviolet light source sequentially passes through a filtering unit, a first lens, an imaging target, a second lens, a spatial light modulator, a third lens, a polarization unit and a single-pixel ultraviolet detection module, the single-pixel ultraviolet detection module, a data acquisition module and an image restoration module are sequentially connected, a control module, the data acquisition module and the spatial light modulator are connected, and the control module is used for controlling the spatial light modulator and the data acquisition module. The invention applies the compression perception theory, carries out compression coding on the image or the spectrum information, can obtain the two-dimensional polarization image or the spectrum information of the target by using the ultraviolet detector with a single pixel, solves the data transmission problem caused by the high price and the large storage data amount of the existing ultraviolet imager, and provides a new scheme for realizing the ultraviolet polarization imaging.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of optical imaging, in particular to a single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging method and a single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging system.
Background
The ultraviolet imaging technology has important application requirements and research values. The ultraviolet array detection device adopted in the existing ultraviolet imaging system has high manufacturing process difficulty, so that the whole system has high cost, the storage data volume of the used imaging principle is large, and the application range of the imaging principle is limited. Compared with the traditional ultraviolet imager, the single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum imaging technology has the advantages that the detection device process is relatively simple, and the imaging system cost is low. At present, the single-pixel imaging technology has been developed greatly in visible light and infrared bands and has realized engineering application to a certain extent. In the ultraviolet band, the research on the high-performance ultraviolet detector and the single-pixel ultraviolet imaging optical system has not been substantially progressed. In addition, the research of the polarization imaging technology is also mostly concentrated on visible light and infrared wave bands, and the polarization imaging can enhance the identification capability of an imaging target by utilizing polarization vector information, improve the imaging signal-to-noise ratio and finally improve the imaging quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing ultraviolet imaging system is high in manufacturing process difficulty, high in overall system cost, large in storage data volume of the used imaging principle and limited in application range, and provides a single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging method and system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging system comprises an ultraviolet light source, a filtering unit, a first lens, an imaging target, a second lens, a spatial light modulator, a third lens, a polarization unit, a single-pixel ultraviolet detection module, a data acquisition module, an image restoration module and a control module, wherein light emitted by the ultraviolet light source passes through the filtering unit to obtain narrow-band ultraviolet light, the narrow-band ultraviolet light is focused and irradiated on the imaging target through the first lens to obtain target imaging information, the target imaging information is irradiated on the spatial light modulation module through the second lens to be subjected to light modulation, the modulated light containing the target imaging information is gathered to the polarization unit through the third lens, the ultraviolet polarization information of the imaging target is extracted by the polarization unit, and then the single-pixel ultraviolet detection module acquires the ultraviolet polarization information of the imaging target, the data acquisition module converts ultraviolet polarization information of an imaging target in the single-pixel ultraviolet detection module from optical signal information into electrical signal information, the image restoration module is used for processing the electrical signal information to restore an image, and the control module controls the spatial light modulation module to modulate light.
The method comprises the steps of firstly irradiating an ultraviolet light source onto an imaging target through a first lens after passing through a filtering unit, then modulating light containing imaging target image information by using a spatial light modulator, displaying the light on the spatial light modulator as a sensing matrix mask prepared in advance according to a compressed sensing principle, then extracting polarization information of the imaging target by using a polarization module after the modulated light, detecting the total light intensity of the modulated light by using a single-pixel ultraviolet detection module to obtain a single-pixel measured value, and transmitting the measured value to a computer through a data acquisition module to perform image restoration by using an algorithm.
The spatial light modulator coding compression process is the core of the whole imaging system. The space is mapped to the code domain for sampling by utilizing the sparsity of the signal in a certain code domain, only a small amount of measurement values are required to be collected to recover target image information, and the sampling frequency can be lower than the Nyquist frequency, so that the requirements on the sampling rate and the storage data amount are reduced at the same time.
Furthermore, the filtering unit comprises one or more filters, and the filters are narrow-band filters corresponding to the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source. The filtering unit is used for carrying out narrow-band filtering on the ultraviolet light source, can comprise a plurality of optical filters, can carry out filtering on different narrow-band ultraviolet wave bands in a time-sharing mode, and can be used for obtaining spectrum information.
Further, the polarization unit includes one or more polarizers for acquiring polarization information of the imaging target. Preferably, the plurality of polarizing plates include polarizing plates of a plurality of polarization directions for realizing selection of the plurality of polarization directions.
Further, the first lens, the first second lens and the third lens are all convex lenses.
Further, the single-pixel ultraviolet detection module comprises a photoelectric sensor, and the photoelectric sensor is an ultraviolet avalanche photodiode.
Further, the spatial light modulator is a digital micromirror. For encoding the target image information projected onto the spatial light modulator.
Further, based on the sensing compression theory, the spatial light modulator and the data acquisition module are controlled by the control module, and the system comprises the following control processes: a1: the control module generates a perception matrix according to the image resolution of the target image, wherein the perception matrix comprises M rows; a2: loading Nth row of data in a sensing matrix into the spatial light modulator for controlling the spatial light modulator to deflect, wherein the data acquisition module finishes one-time data acquisition, N is a natural number greater than 1, and the initial value of N is 1; a3: if N is less than M, defining N as N +1, and repeating the step A2; a4: the data acquisition module acquires data after M times to obtain a y matrix; a5: and reconstructing the image through a compressed sensing restoration algorithm according to the y matrix.
In another implementation manner of the invention, a single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging method comprises the following steps: b1: after light of the ultraviolet light source is filtered, the light is irradiated onto an imaging target through a lens and is collected to a spatial light modulator through the lens; b2: the light modulated by the spatial light modulator passes through a lens and a polarization module to extract polarization information of an imaging target, and B3: the single-pixel measurement value is obtained through detection of a single-pixel ultraviolet detection module, and the single-pixel measurement value is uploaded to a computer through data acquisition based on a compressed sensing theory; b4: and restoring the target image through a restoration algorithm.
The ultraviolet light source projects ultraviolet light of different wave bands onto a target object through a light splitting device (namely filtering), space and spectrum information carried by reflected light of the target object is coded and compressed through a spatial light modulator, the target information is coupled to a single-pixel ultraviolet detection module through a lens and a polarization module, an electric signal obtained after photoelectric conversion is subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and data acquisition, decoding is carried out according to different light intensity and time sequence coding signals, and the image is decoded and restored and the spectrum information is extracted through a graph compression and restoration algorithm software and hardware.
Further, the restoration algorithm comprises an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm or a compressed sampling matching pursuit algorithm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention combines the imaging technology and the spectrum technology, can obtain the ultraviolet spectrum information of the target on the basis of detecting the two-dimensional space information, and can realize the positioning, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target with the ultraviolet spectrum characteristic.
The invention applies the compression perception theory to compress and code the image or the spectrum information, and can obtain the two-dimensional polarization image or the spectrum information of the target by using the ultraviolet detector with a single pixel, thereby solving the problem of data transmission caused by high price and large storage data volume of the existing ultraviolet imager and providing a new scheme for realizing ultraviolet polarization imaging.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of data acquisition according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment 1 is a single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system, and is used to solve the problems of high cost, slow imaging speed, and large amount of stored data of the existing ultraviolet detection device. The imaging system of the embodiment 1 sequentially comprises: the system comprises an ultraviolet light source, a filtering unit, a first lens, an imaging target, a second lens, a spatial light modulation module, a third lens, a polarization unit and an ultraviolet detection module, wherein the ultraviolet detection module, a data acquisition module and an image restoration module are sequentially connected. The control module is connected with the spatial light modulation module and the data acquisition module and controls the spatial light modulation module and the data acquisition module. The control module and the image restoration module are both realized by a computer.
Firstly, an ultraviolet light source emits stable wide-spectrum ultraviolet light, the wide-spectrum ultraviolet light passes through a filtering unit to obtain narrow-band ultraviolet light, if the filtering unit uses an ultraviolet narrow-band filter with the central wavelength of 350nm, the wavelength range of the narrow-band ultraviolet light is about 345nm-355nm, and the bandwidth is 10 nm; the narrow-band ultraviolet light is focused and irradiated on an imaging target through a lens to obtain imaging information of the target, and then is irradiated on a spatial light modulation module through the lens to perform light modulation; the spatial light modulation module (DMD) consists of several tens to millions of tiny mirrors of 13.6um size that can be controlled to deflect ± 12 ° by an externally sent control signal. The light path is actually set up, for example, ultraviolet rays irradiated on the lens at-12 degrees cannot be irradiated on the subsequent lens for focusing, and ultraviolet rays irradiated on the lens at +12 degrees can pass through the lens, so that the modulation of the light rays is realized; the modulated light containing the target imaging information is subjected to polarization unit to extract ultraviolet polarization information of the imaging target, and then the ultraviolet polarization information is collected by an ultraviolet detection module.
The first lens, the second lens and the third lens are all convex lenses.
The filtering unit comprises the filter, and the filter is used for carrying out the narrowband filtering to ultraviolet light source, can contain a plurality of light filters, can carry out the filtering to different narrowband ultraviolet wave bands time-sharing, can be used to obtain spectral information.
The polarization unit is composed of a polarizing plate for acquiring polarization information of the imaging target, and may include polarizing plates of a plurality of polarization directions for realizing selection of the plurality of polarization directions.
The spatial light modulation module is composed of a spatial light modulator, mainly a DMD (digital micromirror device), and is used for encoding target image information projected to the DMD. The spatial light modulator coding compression process is the core of the whole imaging system. The space is mapped to the code domain for sampling by utilizing the sparsity of the signal in a certain code domain, only a small amount of measurement values are required to be collected to recover target image information, and the sampling frequency can be lower than the Nyquist frequency, so that the requirements on the sampling rate and the storage data amount are reduced at the same time.
In this embodiment 1, an ultraviolet light source is irradiated onto an imaging target through a lens after passing through a filter, then light including image information of the imaging target is modulated by using a spatial light modulator, according to a compressed sensing principle, a sensing matrix mask prepared in advance is displayed on the spatial light modulator, then the modulated light passes through a polarization module to extract polarization information of the imaging target, the total light intensity of the modulated light is obtained by using a single-pixel ultraviolet detector module, a single-pixel measured value is obtained, and the measured value is transmitted to a computer through a data acquisition module to be subjected to image restoration by using an algorithm.
This embodiment 1 provides a single-pixel ultraviolet spectral imaging system with low cost, solves the problem that the conventional ultraviolet imager is high in cost at present, and provides a new scheme for implementing an ultraviolet polarization imaging system. The imaging technology and the spectrum technology are combined, the ultraviolet spectrum information of the target can be obtained on the basis of detecting the two-dimensional space information, and the positioning, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the target with the ultraviolet spectrum characteristic can be realized.
Example 2
This embodiment 2 is a single-pixel ultraviolet polarization imaging system based on embodiment 1, in which an ultraviolet light source projects ultraviolet light of different wavelength bands onto a target object through a light splitting device (i.e., a filter), spatial and spectral information carried by reflected light of the target object is encoded and compressed by a DMD, and is collected by a lens and polarized by ultraviolet light, the target information is coupled to a single-pixel ultraviolet detector, and then an electric signal obtained after photoelectric conversion is subjected to digital-to-analog conversion and data acquisition, and is decoded according to different light intensities and time sequence encoded signals, and the image is restored and the spectral information is extracted by using a graph compression and restoration algorithm software and hardware.
The model of the DMD sampled in this embodiment 2 is DLP7000UV, the resolution is 1024 × 768, and the DMD is suitable for the application of the ultraviolet light source with the wavelength of 200nm to 400 nm. The photoelectric sensor used by the ultraviolet detection module is an ultraviolet Avalanche Photodiode (APD) which has two working modes: linear mode and geiger mode. Under a Geiger mode, the device works above reverse bias breakdown voltage, has the gain of more than 1M, has single photon sensitivity, and can be used for spectral imaging under a weak scene. In the linear mode, although the sensitivity can not reach the single photon magnitude, the working speed is relatively higher, and the method can be used for high-speed spectral imaging under the strong light condition.
In this embodiment 2, an ultraviolet single-pixel detector without spatial resolution is used as a sensing device to convert an optical signal into an electrical signal, so as to obtain information of an imaging target. Compressed sensing is the theoretical basis for which, if a signal is compressible or sparsely representable in a certain frequency domain, the signal can be measured using a matrix that is uncorrelated with the sparsity basis of the frequency domain. The signal is projected from a high dimensional space to a low dimensional space. The unknown elements are high-dimensional spatial signals, and the measured values are low-dimensional spatial projection information.
The mathematical model of compressed sensing is: y ═ Φ X. Sparsity or compressibility of signals is an important premise of compressed sensing, and real signals existing in nature are generally not absolutely sparse, but can be approximately sparse in a certain transform domain, namely, compressible signals. For example, the transform domain may be a discrete cosine transform, a wavelet transform, or the like. The image reconstruction method includes the steps of firstly obtaining a y matrix through measurement, then carrying out sparse representation on a certain sparse basis as a general image signal X is not sparse, namely X is phi theta which is a known sparse basis matrix, theta is a sparse vector (only K is a nonzero value (K < < N), then obtaining a matrix A phi psi, representing theta through y and the matrix A obtained through measurement, and carrying out image reconstruction through compressed sensing on the basis of the known sparse basis matrix psi.
The restoration algorithm may use an Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm, a Compressive Sampling Pursuit (MP) algorithm, or the like. The core idea of the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm is that column vector orthogonalization is realized through Schmidt orthogonalization, and in the iterative process, atoms after orthogonalization are subjected to projection comparison with signals to obtain the residual errors, so that the residual errors and the previously selected atoms are always in an orthogonal relation. And then, each iteration updates the selected atom set to form a new atom set, so that the calculation efficiency of the algorithm is further improved, and repeated searching of atoms is avoided. The process is as follows:
(1) initializing a sparse vector x0 to be 0, a residual r0 to be y, and an iteration number k to be 1, and making a candidate set E0 be empty;
(2) the atom that best matches the residual of the last iteration is selected,
wherein the absolute value inner is a calculation vector inner product;
(3) adding atoms into the candidate set, namely Ek ═ Ek-1 @;
(4) and (3) updating a sparse vector: obtaining xk ═ (phi Ek) × y according to a least square method, wherein ()' represents a pseudo inverse matrix;
(5) updating the residual error rk as y-phi Ekxk;
(6) and (5) enabling k to be k +1, judging whether an iteration condition is met, if so, stopping, and otherwise, jumping to the second step.
As shown in fig. 2, the data acquisition process based on compressed sensing in this embodiment 2 is shown.
Firstly, the deflection pattern of the DMD, namely one line of the generated sensing matrix phi is loaded to the DMD and is controlled to deflect according to the deflection pattern, and meanwhile, the data acquisition module is controlled to acquire signals passing through the ultraviolet detector module, namely, one-time measurement is completed. After repeated loading and measurement for M times (the number of rows of the sensing matrix phi), a y matrix is obtained, and then the image can be restored through a compressed sensing restoration algorithm. The global loading rate of the DMD can reach 20kHz, if the resolution of an imaging picture is 128 x 128, 8192 mask pictures are needed, and the time for loading all the mask pictures is less than one second.
The ultraviolet light source in the above embodiment 1 or 2 may be a general light source, or may be a broad spectrum light source.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging system is characterized by comprising an ultraviolet light source, a filtering unit, a first lens, an imaging target, a second lens, a spatial light modulator, a third lens, a polarization unit, a single-pixel ultraviolet detection module, a data acquisition module, an image restoration module and a control module, wherein light emitted by the ultraviolet light source passes through the filtering unit to obtain narrow-band ultraviolet light, the narrow-band ultraviolet light is focused through the first lens and irradiated onto the imaging target to obtain target imaging information, the target imaging information is irradiated onto the spatial light modulation module through the second lens to be subjected to light modulation, the modulated light containing the target imaging information is converged to the polarization unit through the third lens, the ultraviolet polarization information of the imaging target is extracted by the polarization unit, and then the single-pixel ultraviolet detection module acquires the ultraviolet polarization information of the imaging target, the data acquisition module converts ultraviolet polarization information of an imaging target in the single-pixel ultraviolet detection module from optical signal information into electrical signal information, the image restoration module is used for processing the electrical signal information to restore an image, and the control module controls the spatial light modulation module to modulate light.
2. The single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system of claim 1, wherein the filtering unit comprises one or more filters that are narrow-band filters corresponding to the wavelength of the ultraviolet light source.
3. A single pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system according to claim 1, wherein said polarizing means comprises one or more polarizers.
4. A single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system according to claim 3, wherein said plurality of polarizers comprises a plurality of polarization direction polarizers.
5. A single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system according to claim 1, wherein said first, second, and third lenses are all convex lenses.
6. The single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system of claim 1, wherein the single-pixel ultraviolet detection module comprises a photosensor that is an ultraviolet avalanche photodiode.
7. A single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system according to claim 1, wherein said spatial light modulator is a digital micromirror.
8. A single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging system according to claim 1, comprising the following control process:
a1: the control module generates a perception matrix according to the image resolution of the target image, wherein the perception matrix comprises M rows;
a2: loading Nth row of data in a sensing matrix into the spatial light modulator for controlling the spatial light modulator to deflect, wherein the data acquisition module finishes one-time data acquisition, N is a natural number greater than 1, and the initial value of N is 1;
a3: if N is less than M, defining N as N +1, and repeating the step A2;
a4: the data acquisition module acquires data after M times to obtain a y matrix;
a5: and reconstructing the image through a compressed sensing restoration algorithm according to the y matrix.
9. A single-pixel ultraviolet spectrum polarization imaging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
b1: after light of the ultraviolet light source is filtered, the light is irradiated onto an imaging target through a lens and is collected to a spatial light modulator through the lens;
b2: the light modulated by the spatial light modulator passes through a lens and a polarization module to extract the polarization information of an imaging target,
b3: the single-pixel measurement value is obtained through detection of a single-pixel ultraviolet detection module, and the single-pixel measurement value is uploaded to a computer through data acquisition based on a compressed sensing theory;
b4: and restoring the target image through a restoration algorithm.
10. A method of single-pixel ultraviolet spectral polarization imaging according to claim 9, wherein said recovery algorithm comprises an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm or a compressive sampling matching pursuit algorithm.
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