CN210862922U - Single-pixel spectral imaging system based on tunable optical filter - Google Patents
Single-pixel spectral imaging system based on tunable optical filter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model provides a single-pixel spectral imaging system based on a tunable optical filter, which solves the problems of high cost and high requirement on hardware in the data transmission of the spectral imaging technology; and the problems that the partial waveband area array detector has small specification, low performance and high price and limits the detection capability of a spectrum system. The system comprises an imaging mirror, a spatial light modulator, a converging mirror, a tunable optical filter, a unit detector and a data processing unit which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light beam; the imaging mirror is used for imaging the target at a primary image surface position; the spatial light modulator is used for carrying out spatial coding on a primary image plane; the converging lens is used for converging and compressing the image subjected to the primary image surface coding to a focal plane of the unit detector; the tunable optical filter performs spectral modulation on the image after the coding compression; the unit detector is used for receiving the modulated image signals, and the data processing unit is used for decoding the signals received by the unit detector and restoring to obtain a target data cube.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of compressed sensing spectral imaging, concretely relates to single pixel spectral imaging system based on tunable filter.
Background
Compared with the traditional imaging, the spectral imaging technology can obtain the space image information and the spectral information of the target, and more information is helpful for studying, judging and the like of the target. Common technical means for acquiring target spectrum information include: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining target images and spectral information through a large-area array detector by means of technical means such as grating dispersion, prism dispersion, interference spectrum imaging, optical filter filtering and the like. In visible and near-infrared wave bands, the development process of the area array detector is relatively mature, and the limits of the performance and specification of the area array detector on a spectral imaging system are small. For thermal infrared and terahertz waveband imaging, on one hand, the radiation energy of a target in the waveband is weaker, and the signal intensity is low; on the other hand, the research and development time of devices in these wave bands is relatively late, the process is immature, and the defects of small specification, high price, poor performance and the like of the area array detector exist.
In addition, the spectral imaging technology can acquire image information of a plurality of spectral channels of a target, so that the information quantity of the target is increased, meanwhile, the data quantity acquired by the spectral imaging technology is increased, the data quantity of one spectral data cube is often tens of times or hundreds of times that of common imaging, great influence is brought to work such as data transmission, storage and processing, especially for airborne and spaceborne equipment, the cost of signal transmission is often extremely high, the requirement on hardware is high, and the factors also restrict the development and application of the hyperspectral imaging technology to infrared and terahertz wave bands.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The method aims to solve the problems that the existing spectral imaging technology has large data volume, so that the data transmission cost is high and the requirement on hardware is high; and the technical problem that the size of the partial waveband area array detector is small, the performance is low, the price is high, and the detection capability of the spectrum system is limited, the utility model provides a single-pixel spectral imaging system based on tunable optical filter.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model provides a technical scheme is:
a single-pixel spectral imaging system based on a tunable filter is characterized in that: the device comprises an imaging mirror, a spatial light modulator, a converging mirror, a tunable optical filter, a unit detector and a data processing unit which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light beam; the imaging mirror is used for imaging the target at a primary image surface position; the spatial light modulator is used for carrying out spatial coding on a primary image plane; the converging lens is used for converging and compressing the image subjected to the primary image plane coding to a focal plane of the unit detector; the tunable optical filter performs spectral modulation on the image after coding and compression; the unit detector is used for receiving the modulated image signals, and the data processing unit is used for decoding the signals received by the unit detector and restoring to obtain a target data cube.
Further, the spatial light modulator is a digital micro-mirror array or a liquid crystal spatial light modulator or a mechanical template of mask etching.
Further, the tunable filter is an F-P based tunable filter or an AOTF based tunable filter.
Furthermore, the converging mirror comprises two mutually perpendicular cylindrical mirrors which are sequentially arranged along the beam direction and are respectively a first cylindrical mirror and a second cylindrical mirror, the first cylindrical mirror compresses the image into a line, and the second cylindrical mirror compresses the line into point information.
Further, the converging mirror includes one or more lenses.
And simultaneously, the utility model also provides a single pixel spectral imaging system based on tunable filter, its special character lies in: the device comprises an imaging mirror, a spatial light modulator, a converging mirror, an FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor and a data processing unit which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light beam; the imaging mirror is used for imaging the target at a primary image surface position; the spatial light modulator is used for carrying out spatial coding on a primary image plane; the converging lens is used for converging and compressing the image subjected to the primary image surface coding; the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor is used for receiving the image subjected to coding compression and carrying out spectral modulation on the image subjected to coding compression to obtain a modulated image signal, and the data processing unit is used for carrying out decoding processing on the image signal obtained by the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor and restoring to obtain a target data cube.
Further, the spatial light modulator is a digital micro-mirror array or a liquid crystal spatial light modulator or a mechanical template of mask etching.
Furthermore, the converging mirror comprises two mutually perpendicular cylindrical mirrors which are sequentially arranged along the beam direction and are respectively a first cylindrical mirror and a second cylindrical mirror, the first cylindrical mirror compresses the image into a line, and the second cylindrical mirror compresses the line into point information.
Further, the converging mirror includes one or more lenses.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model discloses single pixel spectral imaging system carries out space coding to the target image plane through the spatial light modulator, can very big reduction data volume when not losing target image information, reduces the cost of the storage and the transmission of image data; the tunable filter can realize the staring spectral imaging technology through a simple structure; the tunable filter has small volume, and can realize the miniaturization and light weight of a spectral imaging system;
the unit detector realizes single-pixel imaging, and has better detection performance and detection efficiency and lower price; all the wave bands can be detected due to the use of the unit detector;
the data processing unit can be used to process the signals received by the unit detectors, and the data cube of the target can be recovered.
2. The utility model discloses single pixel spectral imaging system carries out space coding to the target image plane through the spatial light modulator, can very big reduction data volume when not losing target image information, reduces the cost of the storage and the transmission of image data; the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor can directly receive the image after coding and compression and obtain an image signal, the integration degree is higher, and the miniaturization and light weight of a spectral imaging system are easier to realize.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an optical path diagram of a single-pixel spectral imaging system based on a tunable optical filter according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an optical path diagram of a second embodiment of the single-pixel spectral imaging system based on the tunable optical filter of the present invention;
wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
the device comprises an imaging mirror 1, a spatial light modulator 2, a converging mirror 3, a tunable filter 4, a unit detector 5 and a FPI-MEMS integrated spectrum sensor 6.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
The tunable optical filter can control the transmission of narrow-band wavelengths, and commonly comprises an acousto-optic tunable optical filter and an F-P optical filter, wherein the acousto-optic tunable optical filter has very high adjusting frequency and can realize high-speed imaging; wherein filters based on F-P cavities enable smaller volumes and weights. The spectral imaging system based on the optical filter is usually simple in system structure and can realize miniaturization and light weight; the mode of acquiring the spectrum data cube by the optical filter-based spectrum imaging system is more flexible, and the staring imaging can be realized by the tunable optical filter, and the scanning or snapshot imaging can also be realized by using the optical filter array or the gradual filter.
Compressed Sensing (CS), also known as Compressive sampling, is a brand new mathematical theory, and by fully mining the redundancy of signals, a linear, non-adaptive global observation is performed on the original signals to obtain a small number of observed signals, and then the original signals are accurately reconstructed by a reconstruction algorithm. The technology can realize single-pixel imaging by encoding images and compressing all image data to the unit detector, the technology greatly compresses signal data volume while not losing information volume, finally can acquire image data of a target by calculation, and is combined with a spectral imaging technology, the problem of large spectral imaging data volume can be solved, and the unit detector often has better performance and lower cost compared with an area array detector, the problem of high price of the existing spectral imaging equipment is solved, the requirement on hardware is high, the limiting factors such as data storage and transmission difficulty and the like are solved, and the popularization and development of the application of the spectral imaging technology can be promoted.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, a single-pixel spectral imaging system based on a tunable filter includes an imaging mirror 1, a spatial light modulator 2, a converging mirror 3, a tunable filter 4, a unit detector 5 and a data processing unit, which are sequentially arranged along a light beam direction; firstly, an imaging mirror 1 images a target, then spatial coding is carried out through a spatial light modulator 2, coded image information is compressed through a converging mirror 3, filtering is carried out through a tunable optical filter, and then the filtered image information enters a unit detector 5, so that the single-pixel spectral imaging technology of tunable filtering is realized.
The imaging lens 1 is composed of one or more groups of lenses and is used for imaging a target, and an image surface is positioned at the position of the spatial light modulator 2;
the spatial light modulator 2 encodes a primary image plane, and the encoded image passes through the converging lens 3; the spatial light modulator 2 can be a digital micromirror array (DMD) which is a reflective device, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCM) which is a transmissive device, or a mechanical template for mask etching;
the converging lens 3 is composed of one or more groups of lenses, converges and compresses the image subjected to primary image surface coding, the compressed image is transmitted to the tunable optical filter 4, and the image can be compressed to the focal plane of the unit detector 5. The converging mirror 3 comprises two mutually perpendicular cylindrical mirrors which are sequentially arranged along the beam direction and are respectively a first cylindrical mirror and a second cylindrical mirror, the first cylindrical mirror compresses an image into a line, and the second cylindrical mirror compresses the line into point information; the converging mirror 3 comprises a lens.
The tunable optical filter 4 performs spectral modulation on a target image, the modulated signal enters the unit detector 5, and the tunable optical filter 4 comprises an F-P-based tunable optical filter and an AOTF-based tunable optical filter.
The unit detector 5 receives the compressed and modulated image signals, and the unit detector has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high dynamic range, high response rate, low price and the like and is suitable for imaging of wave bands such as visible wave bands, near infrared wave bands, thermal infrared wave bands, terahertz wave bands and the like;
the data processing unit decodes the signal received by the cell detector 5, restores the target data cube, and restores the spectral and image information by using a convex optimization restoration technique such as greedy tracking (MP, OMP), threshold Iteration (IHT), or the like.
The imaging system of the embodiment adopts a compressed sensing imaging technology to compress image dimension data to obtain single-pixel imaging; the modulation and acquisition of spectral dimension information are realized through the tunable optical filter 4, and single-pixel spectral image data are obtained. Wherein the encoding of the image is realized by the spatial light modulator 2 and the information reception is realized by the cell detector 5.
The imaging system of the present embodiment realizes single-pixel imaging by the unit detector 5. Compared with the traditional spectral imaging method using an area array or linear array detector, the unit detector 5 has better detection performance and detection efficiency and lower price, and is suitable for visible and near-infrared band imaging, thermal infrared imaging, terahertz and other band imaging.
The imaging system of the embodiment realizes the compression of the data volume through a compressed sensing technology. By compressing the image and the spectrum data, the data volume can be greatly reduced without losing the target map information, and the storage and transmission cost of the map data is reduced.
The utility model discloses imaging system realizes the spectral modulation through tunable filter. Compared with the traditional spectral imaging technical scheme of grating and prism dispersion, the tunable optical filter 4 can realize the staring spectral imaging technology through a very simple structure; the tunable filter 4 is small in size, so that the miniaturization and light weight of the spectral imaging system are more easily realized;
the imaging system of the present embodiment reduces the hardware requirements on which the spectral imaging apparatus relies. The traditional spectral imager is often complex in imaging system, large in size and high in requirements on a carrying platform, and the imaging system of the embodiment greatly reduces the size and weight of the spectral imager and reduces the requirements on the carrying platform; meanwhile, the traditional spectral imager has large data volume, information cannot be transmitted and processed in real time, the spectral imager compresses data, the data volume is extremely small, the difficulty of data acquisition, transmission and storage is greatly reduced, and real-time transmission and processing can be realized;
compared with the traditional spectral imaging technology, the imaging system of the embodiment has lower development cost and application cost. Compared with the traditional spectral imager, the system has simple structure, fewer optical devices and easier integration; in addition, the requirements on data storage and transmission are greatly reduced, and the application cost is reduced.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, a single-pixel spectral imaging system based on a tunable filter comprises an imaging mirror 1, a spatial light modulator 2, a converging mirror 3, an FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor 6 and a data processing unit, which are sequentially arranged along a light beam direction; firstly, an imaging mirror 1 images a target, then spatial coding is carried out through a spatial light modulator 2, coded image information is compressed through a converging mirror 3, an FPI-MEMS integrated spectrum sensor 6 can directly receive the coded and compressed image to obtain an image signal, and the single-pixel spectrum imaging technology of tunable filtering is realized.
The imaging lens 1 is composed of one or more groups of lenses and is used for imaging a target, and an image surface is positioned at the position of the spatial light modulator 2;
the spatial light modulator 2 encodes a primary image plane, and the encoded image passes through the converging lens 3; the spatial light modulator 2 can be a digital micromirror array (DMD) which is a reflective device, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCM) which is a transmissive device, or a mechanical template for mask etching;
the converging lens 3 is composed of one or more groups of lenses, converges and compresses the image subjected to primary image surface coding, the compressed image is transmitted to the tunable optical filter 4, and the image can be compressed to the focal plane of the unit detector 5. The converging mirror 3 comprises two mutually perpendicular cylindrical mirrors which are sequentially arranged along the beam direction and are respectively a first cylindrical mirror and a second cylindrical mirror, the first cylindrical mirror compresses an image into a line, and the second cylindrical mirror compresses the line into point information; the converging mirror 3 may also comprise a set of lens elements.
The FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor 6 can directly receive the space image information after the coding compression and perform spectral modulation on the image after the coding compression to obtain an image signal. The data processing unit decodes the image signals obtained by the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor 6, can recover to obtain a target data cube, and recovers the spectrum and image information by means of convex optimization recovery technologies such as greedy tracking (MP, OMP), threshold Iteration (IHT) and the like.
The imaging system of the embodiment adopts a compressed sensing imaging technology to compress image dimension data to obtain single-pixel imaging; the spatial light modulator modulates and acquires spectral dimension information to obtain single-pixel spectral image data. The image after the code compression is directly entered into the integrated FPI-MEMS spectral sensor. The imaging system of the embodiment realizes single-pixel imaging through the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor 6. Compared with the traditional spectral imaging method using an area array or linear array detector, the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor 6 integrates the tunable optical filter 4 and the unit detector, and has better detection performance and detection efficiency and lower price; the integration degree is higher, and smaller volume and mass can be realized.
The imaging system of the embodiment realizes the compression of the data volume through a compressed sensing technology. By compressing the image and the spectrum data, the data volume can be greatly reduced without losing the target map information, and the storage and transmission cost of the map data is reduced.
The imaging system of the embodiment realizes spectral modulation through the tunable filter. Compared with the traditional spectral imaging technical scheme of grating and prism dispersion,
the imaging system of the present embodiment reduces the hardware requirements on which the spectral imaging apparatus relies. The traditional spectral imager is often complex in imaging system, large in size and high in requirements on a carrying platform, and the imaging system of the embodiment greatly reduces the size and weight of the spectral imager and reduces the requirements on the carrying platform; meanwhile, the traditional spectral imager has large data volume, information cannot be transmitted and processed in real time, the spectral imager compresses data, the data volume is extremely small, the difficulty of data acquisition, transmission and storage is greatly reduced, and real-time transmission and processing can be realized;
compared with the traditional spectral imaging technology, the imaging system of the embodiment has lower development cost and application cost. Compared with the traditional spectrum imager, the system has simple structure and fewer optical devices, and the FPI-MEMS integrated spectrum sensor 6 (semiconductor integrated technology) can greatly reduce the development cost; in addition, the requirements on data storage and transmission are greatly reduced, and the application cost is reduced.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any known modifications made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the main technical idea of the present invention belong to the technical scope to be protected by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A single-pixel spectral imaging system based on a tunable optical filter is characterized in that: the device comprises an imaging mirror (1), a spatial light modulator (2), a converging mirror (3), a tunable filter (4), a unit detector (5) and a data processing unit which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light beam;
the imaging mirror (1) is used for imaging a target at a primary image surface position;
the spatial light modulator (2) is used for carrying out spatial coding on a primary image plane;
the converging lens (3) is used for converging and compressing the image subjected to the primary image plane coding to a focal plane of the unit detector (5);
the tunable optical filter (4) performs spectral modulation on the image after encoding and compression;
the unit detector (5) is used for receiving the compressed and modulated image signals;
the data processing unit is used for decoding the signals received by the unit detector (5) and restoring to obtain a data cube of the target.
2. The tunable filter-based single-pixel spectral imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the spatial light modulator (2) is a digital micro-mirror array or a liquid crystal spatial light modulator or a mechanical template for mask etching.
3. The tunable filter-based single-pixel spectral imaging system of claim 2, wherein: the tunable filter (4) is an F-P based tunable filter or an AOTF based tunable filter.
4. The tunable filter-based single-pixel spectral imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the converging mirror (3) comprises two mutually perpendicular cylindrical mirrors which are sequentially arranged along the beam direction and are respectively a first cylindrical mirror and a second cylindrical mirror, the first cylindrical mirror compresses an image into a line, and the second cylindrical mirror compresses the line into point information.
5. The tunable filter-based single-pixel spectral imaging system of claim 1, wherein: the converging mirror (3) comprises one or more lenses.
6. A single-pixel spectral imaging system based on a tunable optical filter is characterized in that: the device comprises an imaging mirror (1), a spatial light modulator (2), a converging mirror (3), an FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor (6) and a data processing unit which are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light beam;
the imaging mirror (1) is used for imaging a target at a primary image surface position;
the spatial light modulator (2) is used for carrying out spatial coding on a primary image plane;
the converging lens (3) is used for converging and compressing the image subjected to the primary image surface coding;
the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor (6) is used for receiving the coded and compressed image and carrying out spectral modulation on the coded and compressed image to obtain a modulated image signal;
the data processing unit is used for decoding and processing the image signals obtained by the FPI-MEMS integrated spectral sensor (6) and restoring to obtain a target data cube.
7. The tunable filter-based single-pixel spectral imaging system of claim 6, wherein: the spatial light modulator (2) is a digital micro-mirror array or a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (2) or a mechanical template for mask etching.
8. The tunable filter-based single-pixel spectral imaging system of claim 7, wherein: the converging mirror (3) comprises two mutually perpendicular cylindrical mirrors which are sequentially arranged along the beam direction and are respectively a first cylindrical mirror and a second cylindrical mirror, the first cylindrical mirror compresses an image into a line, and the second cylindrical mirror compresses the line into point information.
9. The tunable filter-based single-pixel spectral imaging system of claim 7, wherein: the converging mirror (3) comprises one or more lenses.
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| CN110631703A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2019-12-31 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Single-pixel spectral imaging system based on tunable optical filter |
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