CN110632000A - Dynamic double-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a dynamic double-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing, which solves the problems of large volume and weight, incompact system, low single-channel signal-to-noise ratio and large data volume in the conventional dual-band spectral imaging technology. The system comprises an objective lens, a digital micromirror array, a first subsystem, a second subsystem and a data processing unit; the target light beam is imaged at a primary image surface position through an objective lens; the digital micromirror array is used for encoding the image imaged at one time, and is turned over according to a randomly generated encoding matrix; when the micro-mirror of the digital micro-mirror array is turned over by +12 degrees, the light beam enters the first sub-system; when the micro-mirror is turned to-12 degrees, the micro-mirror enters a second sub-system; the first sub-system and the first sub-system respectively comprise a lens group and a detector; the lens group comprises a collimating lens, a dispersion element and an imaging lens which are arranged in sequence; the detectors of the two subsystems are area array or linear array detectors with different wave bands, and the data processing unit decodes signals received by the detectors.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a spectral imaging technology, and particularly relates to a dynamic double-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing.
Background
Compared with the traditional imaging technology, the hyperspectral imaging technology can simultaneously obtain the spatial image and the spectral information of the observed target, and the spectral information is called as the 'fingerprint' of a substance and can be used for researching multiple aspects of the composition, the content and the like of the substance. The spectral imaging technology is widely applied to the fields of remote sensing mapping, target monitoring, atmospheric environment detection, astronomical observation, production analysis of industrial and agricultural products and the like.
With the development of spectral imaging technology, the band range of the spectral imaging technology is gradually expanded from a visible light band to an infrared band and even a terahertz band, however, the existing detector can only detect the response of light in a certain band range, and therefore, to obtain the map information of different bands of a target, the following method, the first method, can be adopted: developing imaging devices with different spectral response bands; and the second method comprises the following steps: detectors with different spectral response wave bands are integrated in the same system through a mode of split-aperture imaging, but both the two modes have certain problems. The first one can ensure that the imagers in different bands have excellent performance, but this approach increases the cost of the whole system; on the other hand, the design of the subsystem can cause the increase of the volume and the mass of the system, and the two aspects are greatly restricted on an airborne platform and a satellite-borne platform; the design scheme of second branch aperture integral type can avoid leading optical structure's repetitive design and development, reduces system cost, also can reduce the volume and the quality of system simultaneously, but traditional branch aperture design is realized through color separation piece or other beam splitting component, and the angle of sub-band is generally 90, and imaging system is not compact for whole system is bulky.
Meanwhile, the design of the traditional spectral imaging system usually pursues to obtain the information of a single spectral channel, and the energy of the single channel is weak, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral imaging system is low, and the detection capability of a spectral imaging instrument is limited.
Compared with the traditional optical imaging, the spectral imager can obtain a three-dimensional data cube of a target, the data volume of the data cube of N spectral bands is enlarged by N times, the data storage problem can be brought by the large data volume, the water rising ship height is required for the bandwidth tolerance characteristic required by a signal of transmission information, and not only the water rising ship height is required, but also the data volume is enlarged, the time required for acquiring the transmission signal is increased, the acquisition speed is correspondingly increased, the data transmission cost is increased, the hardware requirement is improved, otherwise, the recovery time is seriously influenced, and the working benefit is influenced.
In summary, the existing dual-band spectral imaging technology has the following problems:
1. a plurality of spectral imaging devices are adopted for detection, so that the whole system is large in size and weight and high in cost;
2. the spectral imaging system adopting the aperture-dividing design is not compact enough, so that the whole system has large volume;
3. the single channel signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the detection sensitivity is poor;
4. the data volume is large, which results in high cost of signal transmission and high requirement on hardware.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic double-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing, and aims to solve the technical problems of large size and weight, incompact system, low single-channel signal-to-noise ratio and large data volume in the existing dual-band spectral imaging technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
dynamic double-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing is characterized in that: comprises an objective lens, a digital micromirror array, a first subsystem, a second subsystem and a data processing unit; the target light beam is imaged at a primary image surface position through the objective lens; the digital micromirror array is superposed with the primary image surface and used for encoding the primary imaged image, and the digital micromirror array is turned over according to a randomly generated encoding matrix; when the micro-mirrors of the digital micro-mirror array turn over by +12 degrees, the light beam enters the first sub-system; when the micro-mirrors of the digital micro-mirror array are turned to-12 degrees, the light beam enters the second sub-system;
the first subsystem comprises a first lens group and a first detector;
the first lens group comprises a collimating lens, a dispersion element and an imaging lens which are sequentially arranged along the emergent light path direction of the digital micromirror array; the first detector is an area array detector or a linear array detector and is used for receiving information imaged by the imaging mirror;
the second subsystem comprises a second lens group and a second detector; the second lens group has the same structure as the first lens group;
the second detector is an area array detector or a linear array detector, and the second detector and the first detector are detectors with different wave bands;
the data processing unit decodes the signals received by the detector and can restore to obtain a data cube of the target.
Further, the dispersive element is a prism or a grating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the imaging system realizes the switching of different detection wave bands through the rotation of +12 degrees and-12 degrees of the digital micromirror array, realizes the compressed coding imaging through the coding of the digital micromirror array, has compact structure and can realize the double-wave-band detection;
the digital micromirror array coding is used for realizing compressed sensing imaging of a plurality of spectral channels, and the method has great advantages in medium-long wave infrared bands which need high signal-to-noise ratio and high detection sensitivity;
the data volume is greatly compressed through compression coding, on one hand, the requirement of a staring spectral imaging system on a large-area array detector is reduced, on the other hand, the data volume is reduced, the storage, the transmission and the processing of data are facilitated, and the method has the characteristic of low cost.
2. The imaging system can realize dual-waveband staring imaging, can obtain space image information of a target through one-time imaging, and has better real-time performance and dynamic monitoring performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical path diagram of a dynamic two-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressive sensing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a light path diagram of a micromirror array turning +12 ° light beam entering a first sub-system in the dynamic two-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressive sensing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an optical path diagram of a micromirror array turning-12 degree light beam entering a second sub-system in the dynamic double-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressive sensing of the invention.
Wherein the reference numbers are as follows:
the system comprises an objective lens 1, a digital micromirror array 2, a first lens group 3, a first lens group 31, a collimating lens 311, a dispersive element 312, an imaging lens 313, a first detector 32, a second lens group 4, a second lens group 41 and a second detector 42.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The main contents of the compressed sensing theory are: for any sparse signal, non-adaptive and linear global observation can be carried out on the signal through an observation matrix, a small number of observed values are obtained, and reconstruction of observed data is achieved through a compressed sensing algorithm. The compressed sensing theory mainly comprises three parts: sparse representation of signals, design of an observation matrix and a reconstruction algorithm for realizing signal restoration. The method is applied to the imaging field, can realize recoding and compression of the existing information, can greatly reduce the data volume, and can realize the response of the detector to a plurality of channels in the compression sampling process of the data, thereby improving the sensitivity and the signal-to-noise ratio of system detection.
The spectrum imaging system based on compressed sensing has strong detection capability, can realize multi-channel imaging, and has high signal-to-noise ratio. In the compressed sensing imaging, a spatial light modulation technology is mainly adopted, core components of the spatial light modulation technology are a digital micromirror array (DMD), a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, a mechanical template and the like, wherein the digital micromirror array (DMD) has higher refreshing rate and optical diffraction efficiency, a micromirror of the DMD has two turnover angles of +12 degrees and-12 degrees, the digital micromirror array (DMD) has larger specification size, and the surface material of the micromirror can effectively reflect visible and medium-long wave infrared signals, so that the spatial light modulator is very suitable for compressed sensing imaging and dual-band spectral imaging.
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, the invention provides a dynamic two-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing, which simultaneously implements compressed encoding imaging and selects light of different wave bands to image through a spatial light modulator digital micromirror array 2(DMD), implements switching of different detection wave bands through rotation of +12 ° and-12 ° of the digital micromirror array 2(DMD), implements compressed encoding imaging through the digital micromirror array 2(DMD), and the system adopts a design scheme of monochromatic astigmatic spectral imaging; compact, dual-band, compressed sensing spectral imaging is achieved, the imaging system comprising an objective lens 1, a digital micromirror array 2, a first subsystem 3, and a second subsystem 4.
The objective lens 1 is composed of a single piece or a plurality of lenses, a target is imaged for the first time, a target light beam is imaged on a primary image surface position through the objective lens 1, and the position of a digital micromirror array 2(DMD) is coincident with the primary image surface.
The digital micro-mirror array 2 adopts a spatial light modulator digital micro-mirror array and is characterized in that the digital micro-mirror array has three states of-12 degrees, 0 degrees and +12 degrees, wherein 0 degrees is an initial state, and +12 degrees (state 1) and-12 degrees (state 2) are working states, and the two working states work alternately; the working subsystems of the digital micromirror array 2(DMD) are selected through controlling the working state of the digital micromirror array 2(DMD), and the digital micromirror array 2(DMD) works alternately, so that the subsystems of different wave bands also work alternately, specifically, firstly, the digital micromirror array 2 codes an image imaged once, the digital micromirror array 2 is turned over according to a coding template, and the coding template is realized through the digital micromirror array 2, so that the digital micromirror array 2 comprises the coding template, the coding matrix is generated through a mathematical method, and the modulation of the image by the template is realized through the digital micromirror array 2 (DMD); when the micro-mirror of the digital micro-mirror array 2 is turned over by +12 degrees, the system enters a state 1, the light path enters a first subsystem 3, and when the micro-mirror of the digital micro-mirror array 2 is turned over by-12 degrees, the system enters a state 2, and the light path enters a second subsystem 4.
The first subsystem 3 comprises a first lens group 31 and a first detector 32; the first lens group 31 includes a collimating lens 311, a dispersive element 312 and an imaging lens 313 which are sequentially arranged along the direction of the emergent light path of the digital micromirror array 2 when the micromirrors enter the state 1; the collimating lens 311 may be composed of one or more lenses, and collimates the light beams entering the system, so that the light beams entering different fields of view enter the dispersion element 312 in parallel; the dispersion element 312 performs a dispersion and dispersion function, and disperses the incoming collimated light beam, and the dispersed light beam is transmitted to the imaging mirror 313, which includes a beam splitter prism and a grating in the form of a beam splitter; the imaging mirror 313 is composed of a single chip or a plurality of lenses, and images the dispersed light beam at a focal plane position of the first detector, and the first detector 32 is an area array detector or a linear array detector and is used for receiving information imaged by the imaging mirror 313.
The second subsystem 4 comprises a second lens group 41 and a second detector 42, and the second lens group 41 has the same structure as the first lens group 31; the second detector 42 and the first detector 32 are detectors of different wave bands, and the detector type is an area array detector or a linear array detector.
The spectral imaging system also comprises a data processing unit, and linear relation I (SX) corresponding to signals acquired by the detector and a coding template is solved through convex optimization algorithms such as Matching Pursuit (MP), orthogonal matching pursuit (0MP), Iterative Hard Threshold (IHT), compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) and the like, so that the spectra and image information of the target in different wave bands can be obtained through restoration; wherein S is a coding matrix; i is the acquisition signal.
The imaging system of the invention can realize a more compact structure and can realize smaller volume and weight. The digital micromirror array 2 device originally used for coding in the system is added with the function of waveband selection, different wavebands can be selected by controlling the turning angle, the rotating angles of the digital micromirror array 2 are respectively +12 degrees and-12 degrees, the dual-waveband spectral imaging technology is realized, and the system at the rear end is more compact.
The imaging system can perform double-waveband staring imaging, can obtain space image information of a target through one-time imaging, and has better real-time performance and dynamic monitoring performance.
The imaging system can perform multi-spectral channel compressed sensing imaging, realizes the compressed sensing imaging of a plurality of spectral channels by the coding of the digital micromirror array 2, and has great advantages in medium-long wave infrared bands which need high signal-to-noise ratio and high detection sensitivity.
The imaging system can perform staring type compressed sensing imaging, and greatly compresses data volume through compressed encoding, so that the requirements of the staring spectral imaging system on a large-area array detector are reduced, and the data volume is reduced, thereby being beneficial to storage, transmission and processing of data.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention and does not limit the technical solutions of the present invention, and any known modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the main technical concepts of the present invention fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. Dynamic double-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing is characterized in that: comprises an objective lens (1), a digital micromirror array (2), a first subsystem (3), a second subsystem (4) and a data processing unit;
the target light beam is imaged at a primary image surface position through the objective lens (1);
the digital micromirror array (2) is superposed with the primary image surface and is used for encoding the primary imaged image; the digital micromirror array (2) is turned over according to a randomly generated coding matrix; when the micro-mirrors of the digital micro-mirror array (2) turn over by +12 degrees, the light beam enters the first sub-system (3); when the micro-mirrors of the digital micro-mirror array (2) turn over at-12 degrees, the light beam enters a second sub-system (4);
the first subsystem (3) comprises a first lens group (31) and a first detector (32);
the first lens group (31) comprises a collimating lens (311), a dispersion element (312) and an imaging lens (313) which are sequentially arranged along the emergent light path direction of the digital micromirror array (2);
the first detector (32) is an area array detector or a linear array detector and is used for receiving information imaged by the imaging mirror (313);
the second subsystem (4) comprises a second lens group (41) and a second detector (42);
the second lens group (41) and the first lens group (31) have the same structure;
the second detector (42) is an area array detector or a linear array detector, and the second detector (42) and the first detector (32) are detectors with different wave bands;
the data processing unit decodes the signals received by the detector and can restore to obtain a data cube of the target.
2. The dynamic dual-arm multi-channel staring spectral imaging system based on compressed sensing of claim 1, wherein: the dispersive element (312) is a prism or a grating.
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