CN111848134A - Crucible integrated forming manufacturing process for vacuum induction furnace - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a crucible integrated forming manufacturing process for a vacuum induction furnace, which comprises the following steps: (a) selecting an inner layer raw material and an outer layer raw material; (b) respectively adding high-temperature binders into the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material; (c) respectively adding water into the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material; (d) placing the first cylinder on a plate, and respectively placing the outer layer raw material and the inner layer raw material on the plate to be tamped to form a crucible bottom; (e) putting the outer layer raw material between the first cylinder and the second cylinder and tamping to form the outer layer of the crucible; (f) putting the raw material of the inner layer between the graphite mold core and the outer layer of the crucible and tamping to form the inner layer of the crucible; (g) adding the mixture to the outer layer of the crucible and the upper edge of the inner layer of the crucible, and tamping; (h) drying; (i) sintering; (j) adding pure nickel, melting the pure nickel, and pouring out the molten pure nickel to obtain the product. The integrally formed crucible is low in cost, greatly prolonged in service life and high in safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy smelting, in particular to a crucible integrated forming manufacturing process for a vacuum induction furnace.
Background
The vacuum induction furnace is a common smelting device in a laboratory, has good advantages in smelting conventional steel, and the crucible can be widely applied, but when smelting high-temperature alloy, the service life of the conventional crucible is greatly reduced because the conventional crucible is used for a long time in a high-temperature environment, and the safety is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome and supplement the defects in the prior art and provide the integral forming manufacturing process of the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace, which has the advantages of convenient operation, low cost, long service life of the crucible and high safety. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a crucible integrated forming manufacturing process for a vacuum induction furnace, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting MgO or Al2O3As the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material of the crucible, uniformly stirring;
(b) respectively adding high-temperature binders into the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material, and uniformly stirring;
(c) respectively adding 3.5-5 wt% of water into the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material obtained in the step (b);
(d) providing a first cylinder, placing the first cylinder on a plate, placing an outer layer raw material on the plate, tamping to obtain a thickness of 15-20 mm, and placing an inner layer raw material on the plate, tamping to obtain a thickness of 15-20 mm to form a crucible bottom;
(e) placing the first cylinder body on the crucible bottom, concentrically placing the first cylinder body on the second cylinder body, and placing the outer layer raw material between the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body to be tamped to form the outer layer of the crucible;
(f) providing a plurality of graphite cores and coils, taking out the second cylinder, putting the graphite cores into the middle of the coils, inserting a clamping rod into each graphite core, putting the graphite cores into the outer layer of the crucible, putting the raw materials of the inner layer between the graphite cores and the outer layer of the crucible, and tamping to form the inner layer of the crucible, wherein the thickness of the inner layer of the crucible is 15-20 mm;
(g) unloading the clamping rod, adding a mixture to the outer layer of the crucible and the upper edge of the inner layer of the crucible, and tamping to obtain a first crucible;
(h) putting the first crucible obtained in the step (g) into a box-type furnace for drying to obtain a second crucible;
(i) putting the second crucible obtained in the step (h) into a vacuum induction furnace, adjusting the power of an induction coil, and sintering at high temperature to obtain a third crucible;
(j) and adding pure nickel into the sintered third crucible, melting the pure nickel, and pouring out the molten pure nickel to obtain the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace.
Preferably, the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace is manufactured by integral molding, wherein: the inner layer raw material in the step (a) comprises MgO or Al with three granularities2O3The granularity is 0.2-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.7 mm and 0.7-0.9 mm respectively, and the volume ratio is 1:1: 1; the outer layer comprises MgO or Al with two granularities2O3The granularity is 1.5-2.1 mm and 2.1-2.5 mm respectively, and the volume ratio is 1: 1.
Preferably, the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace is manufactured by integral molding, wherein: and (b) adding 0.8-1.2% of high-temperature binder into the inner layer raw material in the step (b), and adding 2-3.2% of high-temperature binder into the outer layer raw material in the step (b).
Preferably, the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace is manufactured by integral molding, wherein: the difference between the radii of the first cylinder and the second cylinder in the step (e) is 15 to 20 mm.
Preferably, the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace is manufactured by integral molding, wherein: the mixture in the step (g) comprises 3-5% of water glass, 50-75% of MgO and 20-47% of Al in parts by weight2O3。
Preferably, the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace is manufactured by integral molding, wherein: the step (h) of drying specifically comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 3-5 h at 50 +/-10 ℃, then preserving heat for 3-5 h at 80 +/-10 ℃, and finally preserving heat for 8-10 h at 120 +/-10 ℃.
Preferably, the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace is manufactured by integral molding, wherein: and (i) adjusting the power of the induction coil to 42-48 KW.
Preferably, the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace is manufactured by integral molding, wherein: and (j) melting the pure nickel for 50-60 min.
The invention has the advantages that:
the integrally formed crucible is low in cost, greatly prolonged in service life and high in safety; the integrally formed crucible does not need conventional inner lining rings and gaskets in the manufacturing process, and simultaneously adopts a reasonable baking process, so that the manufacturing efficiency is greatly improved; the raw material granularity of the inner layer of the crucible adopts three fine granules, so that the compactness of the inner layer is enhanced, and the diffusion and the permeation of high-temperature alloy liquid in the smelting process are reduced; the outer layer of the crucible adopts two coarse particles, so that when the inner layer is broken, the transition area of the inner layer and the outer layer is buffered, the safety accident caused by sudden breakage is avoided, and the safety performance is greatly improved; the inner surface of the crucible is washed by molten nickel, and a smooth surface is formed through high-temperature permeation for sufficient time, so that the high-temperature corrosion resistance is enhanced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A crucible integrated forming manufacturing process for a vacuum induction furnace comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting MgO as a raw material, and uniformly stirring, wherein the particle sizes of the raw materials of the inner layer are three: 0.2-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.7 mm and 0.7-0.9 mm, the volume of each of which is one third; the granularity of the raw materials of the outer layer is two types: 1.5-2.1 mm and 2.1-2.5 mm, the volume of each of which is one half;
(b) adding the stirred raw materials into a high-temperature binder, and uniformly stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the high-temperature binder added into the inner layer is 0.8%, and the weight ratio of the high-temperature binder added into the outer layer is 2%;
(c) adding 3.5 wt% of water into the raw materials obtained in the step (b), and stirring and adding until the raw materials are not loosened;
(d) putting the first cylinder on a plate by using a copper plate, an iron plate or a wood plate as the plate, and putting the outer-layer coarse-grained raw material on the plate to be tamped, wherein the thickness of the outer-layer coarse-grained raw material is 15 mm; then continuously adding the inner fine grain raw material for tamping, wherein the thickness is 15mm, and forming a crucible bottom;
(e) placing a first cylinder body on the bottom of a crucible, concentrically placing a second cylinder body, wherein the radius difference between the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body is 15mm, placing an outer-layer coarse-grained raw material between two barrel-shaped plastic plates, and tamping the coarse-grained raw material firmly to form an outer layer of the crucible;
(f) taking out the second cylinder, putting three combined graphite cores accounting for one third of the circumference into the middle of the coil, inserting three clamping rods into the upper edge of each core rod, inserting one graphite core rod into each core rod, and putting the inner-layer fine grain raw material between the cores and the outer layer of the crucible to be tamped firmly, wherein the thickness of the inner-layer fine grain raw material is 15 mm; (ii) a
(g) Unloading the clamping rod, adding a mixture to the upper edges of the outer layer and the inner layer of the crucible, and tamping to obtain a first crucible; the mixture comprises 3% of water glass, 50% of MgO and 47% of Al2O3；
(h) Putting the first crucible obtained in the step (g) into a box-type furnace for heating and drying to obtain a second crucible, wherein the heating system is 50 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, 80 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation is carried out for 3 hours, 120 +/-10 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 8 hours;
(i) putting the second crucible obtained in the step (h) into a 25kg vacuum induction furnace, adjusting the power of an induction coil to 43KW, and sintering at high temperature to obtain a third crucible;
(j) and adding pure nickel into the sintered third crucible, melting the pure nickel for 50min, and pouring out the molten pure nickel to obtain the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace.
The crucible manufactured by the embodiment has high production efficiency, and the crucible can be manufactured in three days; after multiple times of high-temperature smelting, the alloy still has no damage problem, the inner wall of the alloy is not greatly corroded, the service life of the alloy is long, and no damage accident happens.
Example 2:
a crucible integrated forming manufacturing process for a vacuum induction furnace comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting Al2O3As raw materials, stirring uniformly, wherein the granularity of the raw materials at the inner layer is three: 0.2-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.7 mm and 0.7-0.9 mm, the volume of each of which is one third; the granularity of the raw materials of the outer layer is two types: 1.5-2.1 mm and 2.1-2.5 mm, the volume of each of which is one half;
(b) adding the stirred raw materials into a high-temperature binder, and uniformly stirring, wherein the weight ratio of the high-temperature binder added into the inner layer is 1.2%, and the weight ratio of the high-temperature binder added into the outer layer is 3.2%;
(c) adding 5 wt% of water into the raw materials obtained in the step (b), and stirring and adding until the raw materials are not loosened;
(d) putting a first cylinder on a plate by using a copper plate or an iron plate or a wood plate as the plate, putting an outer-layer coarse grain raw material on the plate, tamping to a thickness of 20mm, and continuously adding an inner-layer fine grain raw material to tamp to a thickness of 20mm to form a crucible bottom;
(e) placing a first cylinder body on the bottom of a crucible, concentrically placing a second cylinder body with a small radius, wherein the radius difference between the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body is 20mm, and placing an outer-layer coarse-grain raw material between the first cylinder body and the second cylinder body for tamping to obtain a crucible outer layer;
(f) taking out the second cylinder, putting three combined graphite cores accounting for one third of the circumference into the middle of the coil, inserting three clamping rods into the upper edge of each core rod, inserting one graphite core rod into each outer layer of the crucible, putting the inner layer fine grain raw materials between the cores and the outer layer of the crucible, and tamping to form the inner layer of the crucible with the thickness of 20 mm; (ii) a
(g) Unloading the clamping rod, adding a mixture to the upper edges of the outer layer and the inner layer of the crucible, and tamping to obtain a first crucible; the mixture comprises 5% of water glass, 50% of MgO and 47% of Al2O3Detaching the clamping rod;
(h) putting the first crucible obtained in the step (g) into a box-type furnace, heating and drying to obtain a second crucible, wherein the heating system is 50 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation is 5 hours, 80 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation is 5 hours, 120 +/-10 ℃ and the heat preservation is 10 hours;
(i) putting the second crucible obtained in the step (h) into a 25kg vacuum induction furnace, adjusting the power of an induction coil to 47KW, and sintering at high temperature to obtain a third crucible;
(j) and adding pure nickel into the sintered third crucible, melting the pure nickel for 60min, and pouring out the molten pure nickel to obtain the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace.
The crucible manufactured by the embodiment has high production efficiency, and the crucible can be manufactured in three days; after multiple times of high-temperature smelting, the alloy still has no damage problem, the inner wall of the alloy is not greatly corroded, the service life of the alloy is long, and no damage accident happens.
The integrally formed crucible is low in cost, greatly prolonged in service life and high in safety; the integrally formed crucible does not need conventional inner lining rings and gaskets in the manufacturing process, and simultaneously adopts a reasonable baking process, so that the manufacturing efficiency is greatly improved; the raw material granularity of the inner layer of the crucible adopts three fine granules, so that the compactness of the inner layer is enhanced, and the diffusion and the permeation of high-temperature alloy liquid in the smelting process are reduced; the outer layer of the crucible adopts two coarse particles, so that when the inner layer is broken, the transition area of the inner layer and the outer layer is buffered, the safety accident caused by sudden breakage is avoided, and the safety performance is greatly improved; the inner surface of the crucible is washed by molten nickel, and a smooth surface is formed through high-temperature permeation for sufficient time, so that the high-temperature corrosion resistance is enhanced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the present specification and directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields within the spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A crucible integrated forming manufacturing process for a vacuum induction furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting MgO or Al2O3As the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material of the crucible;
(b) respectively adding high-temperature binders into the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material, and uniformly stirring;
(c) respectively adding 3.5-5 wt% of water into the inner layer raw material and the outer layer raw material obtained in the step (b);
(d) providing a first cylinder, placing the first cylinder on a plate, placing an outer layer raw material on the plate, tamping to obtain a thickness of 15-20 mm, and placing an inner layer raw material on the plate, tamping to obtain a thickness of 15-20 mm to form a crucible bottom;
(e) placing the first cylinder on the crucible bottom, concentrically placing the second cylinder in the first cylinder, and placing the outer layer raw material between the first cylinder and the second cylinder to tamp to form the outer layer of the crucible;
(f) providing a plurality of graphite cores and coils, taking out the second cylinder, putting the graphite cores into the middle of the coils, inserting a clamping rod into each graphite core, putting the graphite cores into the outer layer of the crucible, putting the raw materials of the inner layer between the graphite cores and the outer layer of the crucible, and tamping to form the inner layer of the crucible, wherein the thickness of the inner layer of the crucible is 15-20 mm;
(g) unloading the clamping rod, adding a mixture to the outer layer of the crucible and the upper edge of the inner layer of the crucible, and tamping to obtain a first crucible;
(h) putting the first crucible obtained in the step (g) into a box-type furnace for drying to obtain a second crucible;
(i) putting the second crucible obtained in the step (h) into a vacuum induction furnace, adjusting the power of an induction coil, and sintering at high temperature to obtain a third crucible;
(j) and adding pure nickel into the sintered third crucible, melting the pure nickel, and pouring out the molten pure nickel to obtain the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace.
2. The process of manufacturing the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the inner layer raw material in the step (a) comprises MgO or Al with three granularities2O3The granularity is 0.2-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.7 mm and 0.7-0.9 mm respectively, and the volume ratio is 1:1: 1; the outer layer comprises MgO or Al with two granularities2O3The granularity is 1.5-2.1 mm and 2.1-2.5 mm respectively, and the volume ratio is 1: 1.
3. The process of manufacturing the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace according to claim 1, wherein: and (b) adding 0.8-1.2% of high-temperature binder into the inner layer raw material in the step (b), and adding 2-3.2% of high-temperature binder into the outer layer raw material in the step (b).
4. The process of manufacturing the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the difference between the radii of the first cylinder and the second cylinder in the step (e) is 15 to 20 mm.
5. The process of manufacturing the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the mixture in the step (g) comprises 3-5% of water glass, 50-75% of MgO and 20-47% of Al in parts by weight2O3。
6. The process of manufacturing the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the step (h) of drying specifically comprises the following steps: preserving heat for 3-5 h at 50 +/-10 ℃, then preserving heat for 3-5 h at 80 +/-10 ℃, and finally preserving heat for 8-10 h at 120 +/-10 ℃.
7. The process of manufacturing the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace according to claim 1, wherein: and (i) adjusting the power of the induction coil to 42-48 KW.
8. The process of manufacturing the crucible for the vacuum induction furnace according to claim 1, wherein: and (j) melting the pure nickel for 50-60 min.
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