CN111842852A - Method for preparing wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-strength copper and copper alloy structural member by liquid die forging infiltration - Google Patents
Method for preparing wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-strength copper and copper alloy structural member by liquid die forging infiltration Download PDFInfo
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- CN111842852A CN111842852A CN202010748646.3A CN202010748646A CN111842852A CN 111842852 A CN111842852 A CN 111842852A CN 202010748646 A CN202010748646 A CN 202010748646A CN 111842852 A CN111842852 A CN 111842852A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
- B22D23/04—Casting by dipping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
Abstract
The method for preparing the wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-strength copper and copper alloy structural member by liquid die forging infiltration comprises the following steps: (1) batching, (2) preparation of a precoat: selecting nickel-based alloy powder and a binder, uniformly mixing, and uniformly coating on the inner wall of a die cavity; the adhesive is a thermoplastic organic adhesive; (3) preheating of the precoat layer: preheating the precoating layer obtained in the step (2), and preheating the die and the nickel-based alloy powder precoating layer in the cavity of the die together; (4) melting the alloy: stirring and mixing the copper and copper alloy ingredients obtained in the step (1), and melting at high temperature in vacuum to obtain molten metal copper and copper alloy liquid; (5) liquid die forging infiltration molding: the pouring temperature of the copper and copper alloy melt is 1100-1250 ℃, and the preheating temperature of the nickel-based alloy powder precoating layer in the die and the die cavity thereof is 200-300 ℃; pouring the copper and copper alloy melt into a die, pressing the male die downwards, cooling to room temperature and ejecting; obtaining the copper and copper alloy structural member.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of liquid die forging of copper and copper alloy, and particularly relates to a technology for preparing wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-strength copper and copper alloy structural parts by liquid die forging infiltration.
Background
Copper and copper alloy parts are usually manufactured by adopting a casting process or a metal die forging process, and products produced by adopting the casting process are easy to generate shrinkage cavities, shrinkage porosity and coarsening of structures, have many defects and are not beneficial to improving the mechanical strength; the die forging process is adopted to produce some products with complicated geometric shapes, which cannot be finished and has larger energy consumption. The liquid forging technology utilizes the characteristic that liquid is easy to flow and form during metal casting, combines with the hot forging technology, enables molten metal to flow and form in a die cavity, crystallizes and solidifies under the action of large static pressure and generates plastic deformation, and forcibly eliminates shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity formed by liquid shrinkage and solidification shrinkage of the metal, so as to obtain various liquid die forgings without any casting defects. Therefore, compared with a casting, the liquid die forging is easy to eliminate casting defects; compared with a hot die forging piece, the forming is easy, the required forming pressure is small, namely, the liquid die forging manufacturing process fully utilizes the advantages of the casting process and the hot die forging process, simultaneously makes up the defects of the two processes, and can obtain a high-strength structural piece with compact structure.
The nickel-based alloy coating has good process formability, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and high temperature resistance, is widely applied, and is a surface nickel-based alloy composite layer obtained by various surface modification technologies such as thermal spraying, cladding, surfacing, infiltration, chemical plating surface modification and the like, the composite layer is combined with a substrate in the forms of mechanical combination, metallurgical fusion, intermolecular combination and the like, the physical and chemical properties of a workpiece are obviously improved by the nickel-based alloy composite layer, and the service life is prolonged. However, in a common friction and wear performance test of the nickel-based alloy composite coating, compared with a mechanically combined coating, the bonding strength of the metallurgical fusion coating is far higher than the requirement of a working condition, and the requirements of harsh conditions such as high speed, high temperature, high load and the like are met more easily.
The copper-nickel alloy has a plurality of unique advantages: excellent cold working, hot working and weldability; the material has good mechanical properties at higher temperature and lower temperature; excellent resistance to seawater erosion and erosion corrosion; excellent marine organism corrosion resistance. Therefore, the application range and the dosage of the copper-nickel alloy in ocean engineering, ship equipment, electronic equipment and the like are gradually expanded.
The liquid phase infiltration method is a method of infiltrating a liquid metal into a reinforcement preform; the extrusion infiltration is a kind of liquid phase infiltration method, compared with solid phase method and general vacuum pressure infiltration method, the extrusion infiltration method has simple process, and infiltration and cooling speed become fast under the pressure. The method of applying external pressure to the copper liquid to dip the copper liquid into the nickel base alloy precoating layer by adopting pressure infiltration not only can effectively improve the wettability of the nickel base alloy precoating layer and the copper alloy melt, but also can accelerate the solidification process, obtain compact matrix structure, simplify the process and improve the production efficiency because the copper alloy liquid is crystallized under the pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-strength copper and copper alloy structural members by liquid die forging infiltration.
The invention relates to a method for preparing wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-strength copper and copper alloy structural parts by liquid die forging infiltration, which comprises the following steps:
step (1) batching: weighing various metals as raw materials according to the mass percentage of the components of the cast copper and copper alloy processed by liquid die forging;
step (2) preparation of the precoat: selecting nickel-based alloy powder with the proper mass percentage and the particle size of 60-90 mu m, uniformly mixing the nickel-based alloy powder with a binder, uniformly coating the nickel-based alloy powder on the inner wall of a mold cavity, and pre-coating the nickel-based alloy powder with the thickness of 0.5-2 mm;
preheating the precoat layer in the step (3): preheating the precoating layer obtained in the step (2), and preheating the die and the nickel-based alloy powder precoating layer in the cavity of the die together, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃;
step (4), melting the alloy: stirring and mixing the copper and copper alloy ingredients obtained in the step (1), and melting at a high temperature in vacuum at a temperature of more than 1000 ℃ of the melting point of the copper and copper alloy to obtain molten metal copper and copper alloy liquid;
step (5), liquid die forging infiltration molding: the pouring temperature of the copper and copper alloy melt is 1100-1250 ℃, the preheating temperature of the nickel base alloy powder precoating layer in the die and the die cavity thereof is 200-300 ℃, the specific pressure value of liquid die forging extrusion is 40-60 MPa, the filling speed is 0.1-5 mm/s, the initial pressurizing time is 5s, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; pouring the smelted copper and copper alloy melt into a die coated with a precoating layer, pressing the male die downwards, enabling metal liquid to permeate into the precoating layer under the action of pressure, discharging gas from air holes, maintaining the pressure for a period of time until the liquid metal is completely solidified, cooling to room temperature, and ejecting; obtaining the copper and copper alloy structural member with compact structure, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which has a surface metallurgy fusion infiltration copper-nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm and a nickel-based alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process combines the forming of a high-strength structural member and the preparation of a wear-resistant corrosion-resistant fusion layer on the surface into one process to obtain the wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-strength copper and copper alloy structural member.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for preparing wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-strength copper and copper alloy structural parts by liquid die forging infiltration, which comprises the following steps:
step (1) batching: weighing various metals as raw materials according to the mass percentage of the components of the cast copper and copper alloy processed by liquid die forging;
step (2) preparation of the precoat: selecting nickel-based alloy powder with the proper mass percentage and the particle size of 60-90 mu m, uniformly mixing the nickel-based alloy powder with a binder, uniformly coating the nickel-based alloy powder on the inner wall of a mold cavity, and pre-coating the nickel-based alloy powder with the thickness of 0.5-2 mm;
preheating the precoat layer in the step (3): preheating the precoating layer obtained in the step (2), and preheating the die and the nickel-based alloy powder precoating layer in the cavity of the die together, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃;
step (4), melting the alloy: stirring and mixing the copper and copper alloy ingredients obtained in the step (1), and melting at a high temperature in vacuum at a temperature of more than 1000 ℃ of the melting point of the copper and copper alloy to obtain molten metal copper and copper alloy liquid;
step (5), liquid die forging infiltration molding: the pouring temperature of the copper and copper alloy melt is 1100-1250 ℃, the preheating temperature of the nickel base alloy powder precoating layer in the die and the die cavity thereof is 200-300 ℃, the specific pressure value of liquid die forging extrusion is 40-60 MPa, the filling speed is 0.1-5 mm/s, the initial pressurizing time is 5s, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; pouring the smelted copper and copper alloy melt into a die coated with a precoating layer, pressing the male die downwards, enabling metal liquid to permeate into the precoating layer under the action of pressure, discharging gas from air holes, maintaining the pressure for a period of time until the liquid metal is completely solidified, cooling to room temperature, and ejecting; obtaining the copper and copper alloy structural member with compact structure, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which has a surface metallurgy fusion infiltration copper-nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm and a nickel-based alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm.
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention in further detail.
Example 1: the method for preparing the wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-strength pure copper structural member by liquid die forging infiltration comprises the following steps:
selecting materials in step (1): the raw materials are T1 and T2 electrolytic copper (the purity is more than or equal to 99.95 percent);
step (2) preparation of the precoat: the nickel-based alloy powder is selected from the following components: c is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si is 4.0-5.0 percent, B is 3.5-4.0 percent, Cr is less than 18 percent, Fe is less than 13 percent, and the balance is Ni, the particle size is 60-90 mu m, the melting point is 950-1060 ℃, the mixture is uniformly mixed with a binder and is uniformly coated on the inner wall of a die cavity, and the thickness of a precoating layer is 0.5-2 mm;
preheating the precoat layer in the step (3): preheating the precoating layer obtained in the step (2), and preheating the die and the nickel-based alloy powder precoating layer in the cavity of the die together, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃;
smelting pure copper: firstly, adding high-purity cathode copper and reducing substance activated carbon into a vacuum furnace together, quickly melting, then performing degassing refining, selecting sodium halide as a degassing refining agent, raising the temperature to 1300-1500 ℃ after degassing, preserving the heat for 4-8 minutes, introducing high-purity protective gas argon for 10-25 seconds, preserving the heat and standing for 5 minutes to obtain molten pure copper metal;
step (5), liquid die forging infiltration molding: the pouring temperature of the pure copper metal liquid is 1100-1200 ℃, the preheating temperature of the nickel base alloy powder precoating layer in the die and the cavity thereof is 200-300 ℃, the specific pressure value of liquid die forging extrusion is 40-60 MPa, the filling speed is 0.1-5 mm/s, the initial pressurizing time is 5s, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; pouring the smelted pure copper metal liquid into a die coated with a precoating layer, pressing the male die downwards, enabling the metal liquid to permeate the precoating layer under the action of pressure, discharging gas from a gas hole, maintaining the pressure for a period of time until the liquid metal is completely solidified, cooling to room temperature, and ejecting; obtaining the pure copper structural member with compact structure, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which has a surface metallurgy fusion infiltration copper-nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm and a nickel-based alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm.
Example 2: the method for preparing the wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-strength copper alloy structural member by liquid die forging infiltration comprises the following steps:
step (1) batching: the cast copper alloy processed by liquid die forging consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Sn, 2 to 6 percent of Ni, 0.02 to 0.5 percent of Mg, 0.01 to 0.4 percent of Ti, 0.02 to 0.5 percent of La or Ce, the balance of Cu and inevitable other impurities, the content of single impurity element is less than 0.05 percent, the total amount is less than 0.1 percent, and various metals are weighed as raw materials to be mixed;
step (2) preparation of the precoat: the nickel-based alloy powder is selected from the following components: c is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si is 4.0-5.0 percent, B is 3.5-4.0 percent, Cr is less than 18 percent, Fe is less than 13 percent, and the balance is Ni, the particle size is 60-90 mu m, the melting point is 950-1060 ℃, the mixture is uniformly mixed with a binder and is uniformly coated on the inner wall of a die cavity, and the thickness of a precoating layer is 0.5-2 mm;
preheating the precoat layer in the step (3): preheating the precoating layer obtained in the step (2), and preheating the die and the nickel-based alloy powder precoating layer in the cavity of the die together, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃;
step (4), melting the alloy: stirring and mixing the copper alloy ingredients obtained in the step (1), melting at high temperature in vacuum for 25 minutes when the temperature is 960 ℃ of the melting point of the copper alloy, raising the temperature to 1300-1500 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 minutes, adding Cu-5% of La, Cu-5% of Ce and Cu-3% of Mg under protective atmosphere, melting for 5 minutes, and stirring to obtain molten metal copper alloy liquid;
step (5), liquid die forging infiltration molding: the pouring temperature of the copper alloy melt is 1160-1250 ℃, the preheating temperature of the nickel base alloy powder precoating layer in the die and the die cavity is 200-300 ℃, the specific pressure value of liquid die forging extrusion is 40-60 MPa, the filling speed is 0.1-5 mm/s, the initial pressurizing time is 5s, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; pouring the smelted copper alloy melt into a die coated with a precoating layer, pressing the male die downwards, enabling metal liquid to permeate the precoating layer under the action of pressure, discharging gas from a gas hole, maintaining the pressure for a period of time until the liquid metal is completely solidified, cooling to room temperature, and ejecting; obtaining the copper alloy structural member with compact structure, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which has a surface metallurgy fusion infiltration copper-nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm and a nickel-based alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm.
The principle of the method is as follows; tin bronze and lead bronze liquid die forging can obtain fine isometric crystal structures, and are important means for improving the performance of the alloy. Liquid forging is to solidify and shape the metal injected into the die cavity under high pressure, the solid phase line of the liquid metal moves towards high temperature under high pressure, and the liquid metal is in a super-cooled state by the applied pressure when the liquid metal approaches the solidus line; under the condition of large supercooling degree, liquid metal can nucleate and grow up to form the in-growth of crystal grains, so that the unidirectional extension of dendritic crystals is prevented when the pressure is not applied originally, an equiaxial crystal structure is formed, and the difference of the structure components of a first crystallization area and a later crystallization area is avoided when the pressure is not applied; because the crystallization is carried out under pressure, the internal structure of the product is compact and has no shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity, so that the high-strength part without any casting defects is obtained.
The copper-tin alloy matrix is impregnated with nickel-based alloy powder coating, the copper alloy melt and the nickel-based alloy are impregnated under the static pressure of liquid die forging, and copper and nickel can be infinitely dissolved to form a copper-nickel metal composite layer; the Ni element and the molten copper alloy can strongly inhibit the growth of crystal grains in the solidification process, play a certain role of fine-grain reinforcement, ensure that the microstructure distribution of the material is more uniform, and effectively improve the microstructure structure of the material, thereby further improving the friction factor and the wear resistance of the material from the microcosmic aspect; the Cu-Ni alloy has good electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, good strength, excellent plasticity, high corrosion resistance, high ductility and beautiful color, and a copper-nickel fusion layer with high strength, high hardness and good corrosion resistance is obtained during the formation of a structural member, and a nickel-based alloy layer with wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance is formed by thermal diffusion on the surface.
Claims (1)
1. The method for preparing the wear-resistant corrosion-resistant high-strength copper and copper alloy structural member by liquid die forging infiltration is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1) batching: weighing various metals as raw materials according to the mass percentage of the components of the cast copper and copper alloy processed by liquid die forging;
step (2) preparation of the precoat: selecting nickel-based alloy powder with the proper mass percentage and the particle size of 60-90 mu m, uniformly mixing the nickel-based alloy powder with a binder, uniformly coating the nickel-based alloy powder on the inner wall of a mold cavity, and pre-coating the nickel-based alloy powder with the thickness of 0.5-2.0 mm; the nickel-based alloy powder comprises the following components: c is less than or equal to 1.0 percent, Si is 4.0-5.0 percent, B is 3.5-4.0 percent, Cr is less than 18 percent, Fe is less than 13 percent, the balance is Ni, the granularity is 60-90 mu m, the melting point is 950-1060 ℃, and the binder is a thermoplastic organic binder;
preheating the precoat layer in the step (3): preheating the precoating layer obtained in the step (2), and preheating the die and the nickel-based alloy powder precoating layer in the cavity of the die together, wherein the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃;
step (4), melting the alloy: stirring and mixing the copper and copper alloy ingredients obtained in the step (1), and melting at a high temperature in vacuum at a temperature of more than 1000 ℃ of the melting point of the copper and copper alloy to obtain molten metal copper and copper alloy liquid;
step (5), liquid die forging infiltration molding: the pouring temperature of the copper and copper alloy melt is 1100-1250 ℃, the preheating temperature of the nickel base alloy powder precoating layer in the die and the die cavity thereof is 200-300 ℃, the specific pressure value of liquid die forging extrusion is 40-60 MPa, the filling speed is 0.1-5 mm/s, the initial pressurizing time is 5s, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 s; pouring the smelted copper and copper alloy melt into a die coated with a precoating layer, pressing the male die downwards, enabling metal liquid to permeate into the precoating layer under the action of pressure, discharging gas from air holes, maintaining the pressure for a period of time until the liquid metal is completely solidified, cooling to room temperature, and ejecting; obtaining the copper and copper alloy structural member with compact structure, high strength, corrosion resistance and wear resistance, which has a surface metallurgy fusion infiltration copper-nickel alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.0 mm and a nickel-based alloy layer with the thickness of 0.5-1.5 mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112692289A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-23 | 泰州市科诚汽车零配件有限公司 | Powder metallurgy processing technology for two-claw coupler for automobile |
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| CN112692289A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-23 | 泰州市科诚汽车零配件有限公司 | Powder metallurgy processing technology for two-claw coupler for automobile |
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Application publication date: 20201030 |