CN102534310B - High-strength aluminum alloy doped with Mo2C and MgH2 and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength aluminum alloy doped with Mo2C and MgH2 and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102534310B CN102534310B CN 201110421227 CN201110421227A CN102534310B CN 102534310 B CN102534310 B CN 102534310B CN 201110421227 CN201110421227 CN 201110421227 CN 201110421227 A CN201110421227 A CN 201110421227A CN 102534310 B CN102534310 B CN 102534310B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy doped with Mo2C and MgH2 and a preparation method of the high-strength aluminum alloy. The preparation method comprises heating an Al ingot or melting Al to melt Al completely; adding Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn and Ti, and completely dissolving and melting Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn and Ti; refining and keeping the temperature at 700 DEG C to 1000 DEG C to obtain an alloy melt; feeding N2 or inert gas or the mixture containing arbitrary proportion of N2 and inert gas to degas and purify the alloy melt, and continuously feeding gas until the reaction finishes; adding the Mo2C and MgH2 powders to the alloy melt together with the above gas in a fluidized manner; stirring to realize uniform distribution of Mo2C and MgH2 in the alloy melt as well as full reaction with the alloy melt; standing, regulating temperature to 680 DEG C to 730 DEG C; and discharging molten alloy from the furnace, and casting. The high-strength aluminum alloy doped with Mo2C and MgH2 overcomes the disadvantage of poor performance of the prior aluminum alloy, and has improved strength and toughness, formability and hardenability, thereby providing high-end substrate for high-efficiency deep processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aldural, also relate to its preparation method.
Background technology
The aluminium alloy that deep processing is used often needs at first to be cast as large-scale ingot blank, as slab ingot, pole etc., again by means such as rolling, extruding, forgings, be processed into various finished products, these processes basically all will with the heat treatment phase combination, if to the finished product that can directly use, also will be through operations such as over-segmentation, surface working, Passivation Treatment.These processing means need aluminum alloy materials itself to possess good deep processing performance, comprise castability, press working deformation performance, heat treatment reinforcement performance, corrosion resistance, antifatigue destructive characteristics, surface working and coating property etc.Wherein, founding performance is the basis of aluminium alloy deep processing performance.Large-scale ingot blank, especially the above above pole of slab ingot, slab and diameter 500mm of thickness 500mm, can be the representative base material of Large Efficient deep processing, and be prefabricated into large-scale ingot blank, be also the first technology critical point whether test aluminum alloy materials itself is fit to carry out deep processing.
Aluminum alloy melt is in process of setting, and when volumetric shrinkage can not get feeding, the solidify position last at foundry goods just formed tubulose or the branch hole such as forked, is called shrinkage cavity.It is shaped as irregular closed pores or open hole wall is coarse in the hole on surface, with dendritic structure.Due to the final stage of eutectic board solidification and crystallization, so shrinkage cavity easily is created in the many zones of eutectic and the position (thermal center place) of foundry goods final set.Take eutectic and the hypereutectic type aluminium alloy of Al-Si as base, because the crystallization interval of alloy is little, concentrate the tendency of shrinking large, so the short position in feeding a casting easily forms the tubulose concentrating shrinkage cavity, sometimes because of the result of liquid filling shrinkage cavity that eutectic composition is arranged, larger eutectic segregation district or segregation floor can occur, especially easily form eutectic segregation around shrinkage cavity.Take Al-Cu, the Al-Mg solid solution aluminium alloy as base, crystallization interval is wider, easily forms the forked shrinkage cavity of branch at the position of feeding a casting deficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of aldural, select suitable alloying constituent, avoid the formation of shrinkage cavity, for efficient deep processing provides high-end base material.
the technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of aldural, by percentage to the quality, comprise 0.4～0.8% Si, Fe less than or equal to 0.7%, 0.15～0.4% Cu, Mn less than or equal to 0.15%, 0.04～0.35% Cr, Zn less than or equal to 0.25%, Ti less than or equal to 0.15%, 1.6～2.4% Mo, 0.1～0.15% C, 0.2～0.3% Mg, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2C and MgH
2, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, comprise the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.4～0.8%, Fe less than or equal to 0.7%, 0.15～0.4% Cu, Mn less than or equal to 0.15%, 0.04～0.35% Cr, the Zn less than or equal to 0.25%, the Ti less than or equal to 0.15%;
Step 2: first add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, first adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 by formula rate, makes it dissolve fully and melt, and after refining, insulation under 700～1000 ℃, obtain alloy melt; Melting process is completed in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 1.7～2.55% simultaneously
2C and 0.21～0.31% MgH
2Powder joins in alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2C and MgH
2Be evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully react with alloy melt; Standing, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The invention provides a kind of aldural, select suitable alloying constituent, avoid the formation of shrinkage cavity, for efficient deep processing provides high-end base material.
The invention solves high temperature insoluble metal element dissolving and the phase balance problem in aluminium alloy melt.Mo
2C and MgH
2In adding the aluminium alloy melt process with the fluidization form with protective gas, have the specific surface area more much bigger than general cake mass, can realize disperseing fast and fully contacting with melt, significantly shortened and disperseed and the uniform time.
The present invention has caused multiple grain refining element, particle in molten aluminium, thickization that prevents matrix and strengthening phase had good result.In the high temperature aluminum melt, because aluminium itself is exactly the fabulous metal of electroconductibility at normal temperatures, in the hot environment more than 700 ℃, its molten state is a kind of high-density unbound electron and aluminum ions mixture, have high activity, can reduce a part of electronegativity higher than its carbide and nitride, even dissolving and dissociation reaction occur carbonitride, decomposite atomic state C element and N element, also discharge the atomic state refractory metal element that itself disperses simultaneously; These elements that decompose out further with reactive aluminum, generate various reinforcement facies pattern materials and rotten formulation material; These atomic state materials react with aluminum substrate at once, at first dissolve in matrix and form common solution, after reaching capacity again further and aluminium generate compound between various metals, and aluminium carbide and aluminium nitride.
these metallic compounds are when melt cooling, due to the minimum free energy principle of system, can not stable existence in the crystal grain that forms, to move and concentrate to crystal boundary under the driving that lattice distortion can differ from, simultaneously, saturation solubility due to alloying element in aluminum substrate descends along with temperature and significantly reduces, so cooling along with melt, oversaturated melt is constantly separated out the intermetallic compound that is rich in alloying element, these compounds are in the intergranular enrichment, be difficult for to each other merging, become thick intergranular compound group in microtexture, alloy produces crisp hardening effect, worsen the alloy casting forming property, reduce its homogeneity, toughness, solidity to corrosion and through hardening performance.So, when alloy graining becomes the basic structure of supersaturated solid solution matrix+intergranular metallic compound, be commonly referred to pure as-cast structure, the alloy with this tissue must just can have mechanical property and other technical indicator of satisfying the demand after the thermal treatment through " solid solution+timeliness ".
Fe and Si easily form two kinds of Al-Fe-Si mutually in alloy, and namely α phase and β are mutually.α mutually in the lower and β of Si content mutually in Si content higher, and the former has obvious character outline, latter is minute hand shape and disc shaped.Due to the existence of Mg in alloy, Si preferential with Mg generation Mg
2The Si phase, remaining Si and Fe form Chinese character shape α phase (Al
12Fe
3Si), be a kind of thick tissue, be harmful in alloy, but institute's refinements such as a small amount of transition element that this thick tissue can be existed in matrix such as Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, V, Mo, W.Cu, Mn in the present invention's formula have just played this thinning effect.
The C of atomic state and N are at high temperature active, can form respectively aluminide Al with Al
4C
3And AlN, as previously mentioned, the fluidization of finely powdered adds, and makes carbonitride decompose the every kind of element that produces and all be the disperse distribution in melt.
The AlN that N and Al reaction generates is atomic crystal, belongs to the quasi-diamond nitride, the highlyest is stabilized to 2200 ℃; Room temperature strength is high, and the rising of intensity temperature decline is slower, can effectively carry heavy alloyed hot strength and resistance to corrosion; Thermal conductivity is good, and thermal expansivity is little, can improve the body material thermal shock resistance; Because AlN also can be synthetic in the nitrogen atmosphere of 800～1000 ℃ by aluminium; therefore; temperature when suitably regulating the cleaning molten operation and the concentration of protectiveness nitrogen can be regulated the content of AlN in melt, and this further provides method for the content of regulating transition metal in melt.
The Al that C and Al reaction generate
4C
3Be a kind of ionic crystal of complex construction, fusing point reaches 2100 ℃; Atoms metal can be 4,5,6 coordinations in practical structures, and Al-C bond distance exists
Between, the shortest C-C key is
X ray is studied has single carbon atom with discrete carbanion C in display structure
4-Form exists; The aluminium carbide particle can reduce the trend of material creep, improves body material hardness; Have strong suction H effect, can effectively remove the atom H of the existence in melt, react as follows.
Joining the degree that the carbonitride in melt decomposes, change along with the difference of the stability of carbide, nitride itself and melt temperature, namely react and have certain reversibility, is a kind of dynamic balance.The saturation solubility of most of transition element in molten aluminium is less, and this character of molten aluminium can find us and adds the wherein optimum proportion of carbonitride.After surpassing its saturation solubility, part carbonitride just is present in melt with molecular state, because the molecular volume of simple solid matter structural carbon compound, nitride is all minimum, become gap phase disperse fully and be mounted in the matrix lattice after solidifying, play gap phase strengthening effect.
The stable of carbonitride that forms due to element is sequentially V＞Ti＞Nb＞W＞Mo＞Cr＞Mn＞Fe, and this has sequentially determined the appearance order of the leading phase of metallic compound in the melt.Thick N phase (Al to impurity F e formation
7Cu
2Fe), α phase (Al
12Fe
3Si) all have the pinning crystal boundary and hinder the effect that its crystal boundary moves, thus refinement these complicated metal compound phases, improve intensity and ductility mutually then be formed with to be beneficial to.
Due to the means of using in the present invention the fluidization carbonitride to process, the multi-effect of strengthening matrix and crystal grain thinning is integrated, replace master alloy, make aluminium alloy manufacturing concern no longer be limited by the master alloy manufacturer, be conducive to create the Green line of " nearly moulding, short flow process, intensive ", energy-saving and cost-reducing, reduce comprehensive cost; Simultaneously, in heat treatment process, owing to having formed excellent material microstructure, the unrelieved stress of ingot blank is less, therefore can significantly improve thermal treatment usefulness, improve the hardening capacity of ingot blank, when comparing with similar alloy, can produce thicker blank (bar that the sheet material that thickness 500mm is above and diameter 500mm are above) with " casting+heat treatment mode ", (realize " rolling to cast generation " on the plate of moderate thickness manufacturing technology of thickness 15～200mm) at series specification.
The present invention has caused stable high interstitial atom and gap mutually in cooled aluminum substrate, becomes new efficient strengthening phase, and the intensity of material and hardness are improved.
The present invention adds 1.7～2.55% Mo in wrought aluminium alloy
2C and 0.21～0.31% MgH
2Powder can effectively increase heterogeneous forming core core in alloy graining process, thereby reaches the effect of grain refining, strengthens alloy strength; And the element that adds can promote to form interstitial atom and gap mutually, during high temperature in α (Al) sosoloid solubleness large, and very little when room temperature, thereby make alloy have higher heat-treatability matter, after thermal treatment, its intensity and hardness all have significant improvement.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.4% Si, 0.7% Fe, 0.15% Cu, 0.15% Mn, 0.04% Cr, 0.25% Zn, 0.15% Ti, 1.6% Mo, 0.1% C, 0.2% Mg, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2C and MgH
2, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.4%, 0.7% Fe, 0.15% Cu, 0.15% Mn, 0.04% Cr, 0.25% Zn, 0.15% Ti;
Step 2: first add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, first adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 by formula rate, makes it dissolve fully and melt, and after refining, insulation under 700～1000 ℃, obtain alloy melt; Melting process is completed in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 1.7% simultaneously
2C and 0.21% MgH
2Powder joins in alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2C and MgH
2Be evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully react with alloy melt; Standing, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.6% Si, 0.5% Fe, 0.25% Cu, 0.1% Mn, 0.15% Cr, 0.2% Zn, 0.1% Ti, 2.0% Mo, 0.12% C, 0.25% Mg, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2C and MgH
2, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.6%, 0.5% Fe, 0.25% Cu, 0.1% Mn, 0.15% Cr, 0.2% Zn, 0.1% Ti;
Step 2: first add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, first adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 by formula rate, makes it dissolve fully and melt, and after refining, insulation under 700～1000 ℃, obtain alloy melt; Melting process is completed in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 2.12% simultaneously
2C and 0.26% MgH
2Powder joins in alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2C and MgH
2Be evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully react with alloy melt; Standing, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.8% Si, 0.5% Fe, 0.4% Cu, 0.09% Mn, 0.35% Cr, 0.1% Zn, 0.06% Ti, 2.4% Mo, 0.15% C, 0.3% Mg, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Mo in the Combined Processing mode
2C and MgH
2, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.8%, 0.5% Fe, 0.4% Cu, 0.09% Mn, 0.35% Cr, 0.1% Zn, 0.06% Ti;
Step 2: first add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, first adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 by formula rate, makes it dissolve fully and melt, and after refining, insulation under 700～1000 ℃, obtain alloy melt; Melting process is completed in enclosed environment;
Step 3: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 2.55% simultaneously
2C and 0.31% MgH
2Powder joins in alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo
2C and MgH
2Be evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully react with alloy melt; Standing, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Claims (1)
- One kind the doping Mo 2C and MgH 2Aldural, it is characterized in that: by percentage to the quality, comprise 0.4～0.8% Si, Fe less than or equal to 0.7%, 0.15～0.4% Cu, Mn less than or equal to 0.15%, 0.04～0.35% Cr, Zn less than or equal to 0.25%, the Ti less than or equal to 0.15%, 1.6～2.4% Mo, 0.1～0.15% C, 0.2～0.3% Mg, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent;Described doping Mo 2C and MgH 2The preparation method of aldural comprise the steps:Step 1: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.4～0.8%, the Fe less than or equal to 0.7%, 0.15～0.4% Cu, the Mn less than or equal to 0.15%, 0.04～0.35% Cr, Zn less than or equal to 0.25%, the Ti less than or equal to 0.15%;Step 2: first add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully, first adds getting the raw materials ready of step 1 by formula rate, makes it dissolve fully and melt, and after refining, insulation under 700～1000 ℃, obtain alloy melt; Melting process is completed in enclosed environment;Step 3: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for the Mo of total product mass percent 1.7～2.55% simultaneously 2C and 0.21～0.31% MgH 2Powder joins in alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Mo 2C and MgH 2Be evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully react with alloy melt; Standing, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove.
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| CN104294070B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-04-27 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of low-temperature sintering preparation is containing the method for Mg aluminium alloy |
| CN105200273A (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2015-12-30 | 郭进标 | Platinum-doped aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106119620B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | 贵州华科铝材料工程技术研究有限公司 | A kind of replacement QT500 aluminium alloy differential mechanism materials and its gravitational casting forming method |
| CN112708805A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-27 | 华中科技大学 | Aluminum alloy mixed powder, method for improving density of aluminum alloy product and product |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2134393A1 (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-01-20 | Southwire Co | Aluminum alloy |
| CN102031421A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-27 | 贵州铝厂 | Cr-Gd high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2134393A1 (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-01-20 | Southwire Co | Aluminum alloy |
| CN102031421A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-27 | 贵州铝厂 | Cr-Gd high-strength heat-resistant aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof |
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