CN102424925B - Co2N-doped aluminium alloy and smelting method thereof - Google Patents
Co2N-doped aluminium alloy and smelting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102424925B CN102424925B CN 201110420876 CN201110420876A CN102424925B CN 102424925 B CN102424925 B CN 102424925B CN 201110420876 CN201110420876 CN 201110420876 CN 201110420876 A CN201110420876 A CN 201110420876A CN 102424925 B CN102424925 B CN 102424925B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a Co2N-doped aluminium alloy and a smelting method thereof. The method comprises: heating aluminium ingots or molten aluminium liquid to completely melt the material; adding Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn and Ti to the resulting molten material to completely dissolve and melt the mixed materials; after refining, carrying out heat preservation at a temperature of 700-1000 DEG C to obtain an alloy melt; adopting nitrogen or inert gas or mixed gas to carry out gas removing and purifying operation for the alloy melt, and continuously introducing the gas until the reaction is completed, wherein the nitrogen and the inert gas are mixed according to any ratio to obtain the mixed gas; adding Co2N powder to the alloy melt along with the gas in the fluidization manner; carrying out stirring, such that the Co2N is uniformly distributed in the alloy melt, and completely reacts with the alloy melt; standing, and adjusting the temperature to 680-730 DEG C, removing the alloy liquid from the furnace, and carrying out casting production. With the present invention, the performance disadvantages of the aluminium alloy in the prior art can be overcome, the strength and toughness, the formability and the hardenability of the aluminium alloy can be improved, and the high-end substrate is provided for the efficient deep processing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aldural, also relate to its preparation method.
Background technology
In existing aluminium alloy, because the large one-tenth branch of density is deposited in the foundry goods bottom in alloying constituent or the compound, float on top on the little composition of density.For example add this refractory metal of Ti and Al for crystal grain thinning and form dystectic flaky compound Al
3Ti can early crystallize out from aluminium alloy, when growing up to the gravity segregation that just sinks to producing easily local rules when larger, can see at the foundry goods fracture compound of the white bright ash of surfacing when segregation is more serious, primary silicon thick in the hypereutectic Al-Si aluminium alloy also forms segregation easily owing to density is less.
In addition when this aluminium alloy before cast owing to stir the inhomogeneous eutectic segregation that causes, concentrate the place in Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, the high fragility of hardness is large, the process tool wearing and tearing are greatly; The position that Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is few forms α (Al) sosoloid soft spots, and intensity is low, adds not only to glue cutter man-hour, worsens processing characteristics, can make the distortion of α (Al) sosoloid cause machined surface hickie to occur under the effect of cutting force.When magnesium content was less than 0.6% (massfraction) in ZL108 (ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1) aluminium alloy, hickie also appearred in finished surface easily.
There is again the segregation of Cu element in the Al-Si-Cu aluminium alloy to cause that thick Al appears in regional area
2The Cu phase also is net distribution along crystalline substance, even if adopt thermal treatment it can not be dissolved in α (Al) sosoloid fully and remain in intergranular, thereby so that this kind alloy fragility increase.
Simultaneously, when adopting this aluminium alloy to cast, the normal appearance mainly contains oxide inclusion, molding material and flux mixture etc. various being mingled with in the foundry goods that casting is finished.Wherein, be mingled with aluminum oxide the most general.Especially in containing the aluminium alloy of Mg, majority is mingled with and is aluminum oxide and magnesian mixture, so in the aluminium alloy smelting process, the content of oxide inclusion is one of important mark matter of reflection aluminium liquid metallurgical quality.
This shows: the forming property of present aluminum alloy materials during except the large-scale ingot blank of founding is relatively poor, large-scale ingot blank is not high in the hardening capacity of heat treatment process, tempering resistance is relatively poor and can not satisfy higher mechanical property requirements or some property (as heat-resisting, anti-corrosion) etc., is significant deficiency yet.These defectives make it form the technology breakpoint that is difficult to cross in the process of the strong materials of weight such as field of engineering technology instead of steel goods and structure.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of aldural, can overcome the deficiency of existing aluminium alloy capability, improve its obdurability, plasticity and hardening capacity, for efficient deep processing provides high-end base material.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of aldural, by percentage to the quality, comprise 0.7～1.3% Si, Fe less than or equal to 0.5%, Cu less than or equal to 0.1%, 0.4～0.8% Mn, 0.4～0.8% Mg, Zn less than or equal to 0.2%, the Ti less than or equal to 0.2%, 1.8～2.8% Co, 0.21～0.33% N, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Co in the Combined Processing mode
2N may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid first in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully;
Step 2: add the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.7～1.3%, the Fe less than or equal to 0.5%, the Cu less than or equal to 0.1%, 0.4～0.8% Mn, 0.4～0.8% Mg, the Zn less than or equal to 0.2%, Ti less than or equal to 0.2% makes it to dissolve fully and melt;
Step 3: 700～1000 ℃ of lower insulations, obtain alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 4: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for simultaneously the Co of total product mass percent 2.01～3.13%
2The N powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Co
2N is evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully reacts with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and to come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
The present invention adds 1.8～2.8% Co and 0.9～1.4% N element in wrought aluminium alloy, can effectively increase heterogeneous forming core core in alloy graining process, thereby reach the effect of grain refining, strengthens alloy strength; And the element that adds can promote to form interstitial atom and gap mutually, during high temperature in α (Al) sosoloid solubleness large, and very little when room temperature, thereby make alloy have higher heat-treatability matter, after the thermal treatment, its intensity and hardness all have significant improvement.
Without before adding above-mentioned element, except the common solution that form various elements, also contain Compound Phase that more following intermetallics form in the melt at this alloy:
Mg
2Si phase, N phase (Al
7Cu
2Fe), α phase (Al
12Fe
3Si), S phase (Al
2CuMg);
These metallic compounds are when melt cooling, because the minimum free energy principle of system, can not stable existence in the crystal grain that forms, will be under the driving that lattice distortion can differ from move and concentrate to crystal boundary, simultaneously, because the saturation solubility of alloying element in aluminum substrate significantly reduces along with drop in temperature, so cooling along with melt, oversaturated melt is constantly separated out the intermetallic compound that is rich in alloying element, and these compounds are difficult for merging in the intergranular enrichment to each other, in microtexture, become thick intergranular compound group, alloy produces crisp hardening effect, worsens the alloy casting forming property, reduces its homogeneity, toughness, solidity to corrosion and through hardening performance.So, when alloy graining becomes the basic structure of supersaturated solid solution matrix+intergranular metallic compound, be commonly referred to pure as-cast structure, the alloy with this tissue must just can have mechanical property and other technical indicator of satisfying the demand after the thermal treatment through " solid solution+timeliness ".
Although, can improve through the thermal treatment of formulation optimization processing and raising alloy property, still still there are a lot of defectives in alloy itself: insufficient strength is high, can not cast large specification type ingot etc.
The present invention is by alternative, and by adding 1.8～2.8% Co element, the nitrogen that is filled with in fusion process in addition is conducive to aluminium synthetic AlN in 800～1000 ℃ nitrogen atmosphere.Because the AlN that N and Al reaction generates is atomic crystal, genus quasi-diamond nitride the highlyest is stabilized to 2200 ℃; Room temperature strength is high, and the rising of intensity temperature descend slower, hot strength and resistance to corrosion that can the Effective Raise alloy; Thermal conductivity is good, and thermal expansivity is little, can improve the body material thermal shock resistance.Therefore, work as N
2When being filled with the high temperature aluminium alloys melt, itself just had the activity of giving birth to reaction with the various metals golden hair.So the concentration of the temperature when suitably regulating the cleaning molten operation and protectiveness nitrogen can be regulated the content of AlN in the melt, this further provides method for the content of regulating transition metal in the melt.
As seen: because the means of using in the present invention the fluidization nitride to process, the multi-effect of strengthening matrix and crystal grain thinning is integrated, replace master alloy, make aluminium alloy manufacturing concern no longer be limited by the master alloy manufacturer, be conducive to create the Green line of " nearly moulding, short flow process, intensive ", energy-saving and cost-reducing, reduce comprehensive cost; Simultaneously, in heat treatment process, owing to formed excellent material microstructure, the unrelieved stress of ingot blank is less, therefore can significantly improve thermal treatment usefulness, improve the hardening capacity of ingot blank, when comparing with similar alloy, can produce thicker blank (bar that the sheet material that thickness 500mm is above and diameter 500mm are above) with " casting+heat treatment mode ", (the plate of moderate thickness manufacturing technology of thickness 15～200mm) realizes " rolling to cast generation " at series specification.
Generally speaking, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
In molten aluminium, caused multiple grain refining element, particle, thickization that prevents matrix and strengthening phase had good result.In cooled aluminum substrate, caused stable high interstitial atom and gap mutually, become new efficient strengthening phase, the intensity of material and hardness are improved.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.7% Si, 0.5% Fe, 0.1% Cu, 0.4% Mn, 0.4% Mg, 0.2% Zn, 0.2% Ti, 1.8% Co, 0.21% N, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Co in the Combined Processing mode
2N may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid first in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully,
Step 2: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.7%, 0.5% Fe, 0.1% Cu, 0.4% Mn, 0.4% Mg, 0.2% Zn, 0.2% Ti; Make it to dissolve fully and melt,
Step 3: 700～1000 ℃ of lower insulations, obtain alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 4: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for simultaneously the Co of total product mass percent 2.01%
2The N powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Co
2N is evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully reacts with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and to come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 0.9% Si, 0.4% Fe, 0.08% Cu, 0.6% Mn, 0.6% Mg, 0.1% Zn, 0.1% Ti, 2.2% Co, 0.26% N, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Co in the Combined Processing mode
2N may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid first in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully,
Step 2: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.9%, 0.4% Fe, and 0.08% Cu, 0.6% Mn, 0.6% Mg, 0.1% Zn, 0.1% Ti makes it to dissolve fully and melt,
Step 3: 700～1000 ℃ of lower insulations, obtain alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 4: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for simultaneously the Co of total product mass percent 2.46%
2The N powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Co
2N is evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully reacts with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and to come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of aldural by percentage to the quality, comprises 1.3% Si, 0.35% Fe, 0.07% Cu, 0.8% Mn, 0.8% Mg, 0.09% Zn, 0.12% Ti, 2.8% Co, 0.33% N, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of described aldural, adds Co in the Combined Processing mode
2N may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid first in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully,
Step 2: the component according to described aldural is got the raw materials ready, and comprises the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 1.3%, 0.35% Fe, and 0.07% Cu, 0.8% Mn, 0.8% Mg, 0.09% Zn, 0.12% Ti makes it to dissolve fully and melt,
Step 3: 700～1000 ℃ of lower insulations, obtain alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 4: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for simultaneously the Co of total product mass percent 3.13%
2The N powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Co
2N is evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully reacts with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out respectively the Foundry Production of different goods along following two kinds of flow processs.
Flow process one: topple over along chute and to come out of the stove, to vertical water cooling casting machine system, the large-scale slab ingot that casting processing ingot blank, particularly cast thickness 500mm are above and the pole more than the diameter 500mm.
Flow process two: metaideophone enters in the mold of foundry goods, uses metal mold, sand mold or mixed type casting mode, adopts gravitational casting, pressure die casting or counter-pressure casting technique, the aluminum alloy casting of Casting Aluminum Alloy Based, particularly casting large-scale, thin-walled or complex construction.
Claims (2)
1. doping Co
2The aluminium alloy of N is characterized in that: by percentage to the quality, comprise 0.7～1.3% Si, Fe less than or equal to 0.5%, the Cu less than or equal to 0.1%, 0.4～0.8% Mn, 0.4～0.8% Mg, Zn less than or equal to 0.2%, the Ti less than or equal to 0.2%, 1.8～2.8% Co, 0.21～0.33% N, surplus is Al and inevitable impurity, and the content of every kind of impurity is no more than 0.05% of total mass per-cent, and the content of all impurity is no more than 0.15% of total mass per-cent.
2. described doping Co of claim 1
2The melting method of the aluminium alloy of N is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: add aluminium ingot or molten aluminum liquid first in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt fully;
Step 2: add the Si that accounts for total product mass percent 0.7～1.3%, the Fe less than or equal to 0.5%, the Cu less than or equal to 0.1%, 0.4～0.8% Mn, 0.4～0.8% Mg, the Zn less than or equal to 0.2%, Ti less than or equal to 0.2% makes it to dissolve fully and melt;
Step 3: 700～1000 ℃ of lower insulations, obtain alloy melt after the refining; Melting process is finished in enclosed environment;
Step 4: use the mixed gas alloy melt of nitrogen or rare gas element or nitrogen and rare gas element arbitrary proportion to carry out the degassing and purifying operation, and continue ventilation until react complete; To account for simultaneously the Co of total product mass percent 2.01～3.13%
2The N powder joins in the alloy melt with above-mentioned gas in the fluidization mode; Stir, make Co
2N is evenly distributed in alloy melt, and fully reacts with alloy melt; Leave standstill, temperature adjustment to 680～730 ℃, aluminium alloy is come out of the stove, and carries out Foundry Production.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0787811A1 (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 1997-08-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | High-strength heat-resistant aluminium alloy, conductive wire, overhead wire and method of preparing the aluminium alloy |
| CN1958822A (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-09 | 西北工业大学 | Method for enhancing high strength cast aluminum alloys by large volume fraction of quasi-crystal |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0787811A1 (en) * | 1996-01-30 | 1997-08-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | High-strength heat-resistant aluminium alloy, conductive wire, overhead wire and method of preparing the aluminium alloy |
| CN1958822A (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-09 | 西北工业大学 | Method for enhancing high strength cast aluminum alloys by large volume fraction of quasi-crystal |
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